Methods of neuro-linguistic programming: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 04:36, 16 September 2020

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{{cite journal|last= Sharpley|first= Christopher F.|title= Research findings on neurolinguistic programming: Nonsupportive data or an untestable theory?|journal=Journal of Counseling Psychology|date=1 January 1987|volume=34|issue=1|pages=103–107|doi=10.1037/0022-0167.34.1.103|url=http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/Home.portal?nfpb=true&_pageLabel=RecordDetails&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=EJ352101&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=eric_accno&objectId=0900000b8005c1ac}}</ref> which teaches that people are only able to directly perceive a small part of the world using their conscious awareness, and that this view of the world is filtered by experience, beliefs, values, assumptions, and biological sensory systems. NLP argues that people act and feel based on their perception of the world and how they feel about that world they subjectively experience.

NLP teaches that language and behaviors (whether functional or dysfunctional) are highly structured, and that this structure can be 'modeled' or copied into a reproducible form.<ref name="Bandler & Grinder 1979">{{cite book | author=Bandler, R., Grinder, J. | title=Frogs into Princes: Neuro Linguistic Programming | ___location=Moab, UT | publisher=Real People Press. | year=1979 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/frogsintoprinces00band_0/page/149 149 (pp. 15, 24, 30, 45, 52)] | isbn=0-911226-19-2 | url=https://archive.org/details/frogsintoprinces00band_0/page/149 }}</ref>{{unreliable fringe source|date=September 2017}} Using NLP a person can 'model' the more successful parts of their own behavior in order to reproduce it in areas where they are less successful or 'model' another person to effect belief and behavior changes to improve functioning. If someone excels in some activity, it can be [[Modeling (NLP)|learned]] how specifically they do it by observing certain important details of their behavior.<ref name="Bandler & Grinder 1975a">{{cite book |author1=Bandler, Richard |author2=John Grinder |lastauthorampname-list-style=yesamp | title=The Structure of Magic I: A Book About Language and Therapy | ___location=Palo Alto, CA | publisher=Science & Behavior Books | year=1975|isbn= 0-8314-0044-7}}</ref>{{unreliable fringe source|date=September 2017}} NLP embodies several techniques, including hypnotic techniques, which proponents claim can affect changes in the way people think, learn and communicate.<ref name="Dilts et al. 1980">{{cite book | author=Dilts, R.B., Grinder, J., Bandler, R., DeLozier, J.A. | title=Neuro-Linguistic Programming: Volume I - The Study of the Structure of Subjective Experience | publisher=Meta Publications | year=1980 | isbn=0-916990-07-9 | pages=284(pp.3–4, | url=https://archive.org/details/neurolinguisticp01dilt | url-access=registration }}</ref>{{unreliable fringe source|date=September 2017}} NLP is an eclectic field, often described as a 'toolbox' which has borrowed heavily from other fields in collating its presuppositions and techniques.

==Internal 'maps' of the world==

NLP calls each individual's perception of the world their 'map'.{{citation needed|date=September 2017}} NLP teaches that our mind-body{{clarify|date=September 2017}} (neuro) and what we say (language) all interact together to form our perceptions of the world, or maps (programming). Each person's map of the world determines feelings and behavior.{{citation needed|date=September 2017}} Therefore, impoverished – and unrealistic – maps can restrict choices and result in problems.{{citation needed|date=September 2017}}

As an approach to personal development or therapy it involves understanding that people create their own internal 'map' or world, recognizing unhelpful or destructive patterns of thinking based on impoverished maps of the world, then modifying or replacing these patterns with more useful or helpful ones. There is also an emphasis on ways to change internal representations or maps of the world in order to increase behavioral flexibility.<ref name="Bandler & Grinder 1979" />{{unreliable fringe source|date=September 2017}}<ref name="Bandler & Grinder 1975a" />{{unreliable fringe source|date=September 2017}}<ref name="Bandler & Grinder 1983">{{cite book |author1=Bandler, Richard |author2=John Grinder |lastauthorampname-list-style=yesamp | title=Reframing: Neurolinguistic programming and the transformation of meaning | ___location=Moab, UT | publisher=Real People Press. | year=1983 | pages=appendix II,p.171}}</ref>{{unreliable fringe source|date=September 2017}}

==Modeling==

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;1. Rapport

The first aspect, building '''rapport''', or empathy, is done to achieve better communication and responsiveness. NLP teaches 'mirroring' or matching body language, posture, breathing, predicates and voice tonality. Rapport is an aspect of 'pacing' or tuning into the client or learners world. Once pacing is established, the practitioner can 'lead' by changing their behavior or perception so the other follows. O'Connor & Seymour in "Introducing NLP" describe rapport as a 'harmonious dance', an extension of natural skills, but warn against mimicry.<ref name="OConnor & Seymour 2002"/>{{unreliable fringe source|date=September 2017}} Singer gives examples of the pantomime effect of mere mimicry by some practitioners which does not create rapport.<ref name="Singer & Lalich 1997">{{cite book | author1=Singer, Margaret | author2=Janja Lalich | lastauthorampname-list-style=yesamp | title=Crazy Therapies: What Are They? Do They Work? | publisher=Jossey Bass | year=1997 | isbn=0-7879-0278-0 | url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780787902780 }}</ref>{{unreliable fringe source|date=September 2017}}

;2. Overloading conscious attention