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The Arduino board exposes most of the microcontroller's I/O pins for use by other circuits. The ''Diecimila'',{{Efn|name="N10000"|''Diecimila'' means "ten thousand" in Italian}} ''Duemilanove'',{{Efn|name="N2009"|''Duemilanove'' means "two thousand and nine" in Italian}} and current ''Uno''{{Efn|name="N1"|''Uno'' means "one" in Italian}} provide 14 digital I/O pins, six of which can produce [[pulse-width modulation|pulse-width modulated]] signals, and six analog inputs, which can also be used as six digital I/O pins. These pins are on the top of the board, via female 0.1-inch (2.54 mm) headers. Several plug-in application shields are also commercially available. The Arduino Nano, and Arduino-compatible Bare Bones Board<ref>{{cite web |url=http://moderndevice.com/product/bare-bones-board-bbb-kit/ |website=moderndevice.com |title= Bare Bones Board (BBB) Kit |access-date=29 November 2018}}</ref> and Boarduino<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.adafruit.com/products/72 |title= DC Boarduino (Arduino compatible) Kit (w/ATmega328) - v1.0|website=adafruit.com|access-date=29 November 2018}}</ref> boards may provide male header pins on the underside of the board that can plug into solderless [[breadboard]]s.
Many Arduino-compatible and Arduino-derived boards exist. Some are functionally equivalent to an Arduino and can be used interchangeably. Many enhance the basic Arduino by adding output drivers, often for use in school-level education<ref>Di Tore S, TODINO M. D., Sibilio S (2019). Disuffo: Design, prototyping and development of an open-source educational robot . FORM@RE, vol. 19, p. 106- 116, ISSN: 1825-7321, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13128/formare-24446 </ref>, to simplify making buggies and small robots. Others are electrically equivalent, but change the form factor, sometimes retaining compatibility with shields, sometimes not. Some variants use different processors, of varying compatibility.
===Official boards===
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