Encoding (memory): Difference between revisions

Revision as of 15:21, 3 November 2020

Revision as of 19:34, 22 November 2020

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==Molecular Perspective==

The process of encoding is not yet well understood, however key advances have shed light on the nature of these mechanisms. Encoding begins with any novel situation, as the [[brain]] will interact and draw conclusions from the results of this interaction. These learning experiences have been known to trigger a cascade of molecular events leading to the formation of memories.<ref name="wagner">Wagner, M. (2008). The His452Tyr variant of the gene encoding the 5-HT(2a) receptor is specifically associated with consolidation of episodic memory in humans. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 11, 1163–1167.</ref> These changes include the modification of neural synapses, modification of [[proteins]], creation of new [[synapses]], activation of [[gene expression]] and new [[protein synthesis]]. One study found that high central nervous systemssystem levels of acetylcholine during wakefulness aided in new memory encoding, while low levels of acetylcholine during slow-wave sleep aided in consolidation of memories.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Rasch|first1=Björn H.|last2=Born|first2=Jan|last3=Gais|first3=Steffen|date=2006-05-01|title=Combined Blockade of Cholinergic Receptors Shifts the Brain from Stimulus Encoding to Memory Consolidation|journal=Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience|volume=18|issue=5|pages=793–802|doi=10.1162/jocn.2006.18.5.793|pmid=16768378|s2cid=7584537|issn=0898-929X}}</ref> However, encoding can occur on different levels. The first step is [[short-term memory]] formation, followed by the conversion to a [[long-term memory]], and then a long-term memory consolidation process.<ref name="kandel">Kandel, E. (2004). The Molecular Biology of Memory Storage: A Dialog Between Genes and Synapses. Bioscience Reports, 24, 4-5.</ref>

===Synaptic Plasticity===