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Cosmicseeds (talk | contribs) Curated playlist |
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'''Set and setting''', when referring to a psychedelic drug experience, means one's mindset (shortened to "set") and the physical and social environment (the setting) in which the user has the experience. This is especially relevant for [[Psychedelic drug|psychedelic]] experiences in either a therapeutic or recreational context. According to the book ''[[How to Change Your Mind]]'' by [[Michael Pollan]], the concept of set and setting was observed by the "Johnny Appleseed" of LSD, [[Alfred Matthew Hubbard|Al Hubbard]] visiting mushroom ceremonies in Mexico. The terms were used at least as early as 1958 by [[Ludwig von Bertalanffy]] and popularized by [[Timothy Leary]] in 1961, and became widely accepted by researchers in [[psychedelic therapy]].{{ref|Bertalanffy1958}}{{ref|Hartogsohn2017}} [[Norman Zinberg]] has also discussed this in ''Drug, Set, And Setting: The Basis for Controlled Intoxicant Use'' (1984).
"Set" is the mental state a person brings to the experience, like thoughts, mood and expectations. "Setting" is the physical and social environment. Social support networks have shown to be particularly important in the outcome of the psychedelic experience.{{ref|Shewan-et-al2000}} They are able to control or guide the course of the experience, both consciously and subconsciously. Stress, fear, or a disagreeable environment, may result in an unpleasant experience ([[bad trip]]). Conversely, a relaxed, curious person in a warm, comfortable and safe place is more likely to have a pleasant experience. Part of favourable setting can be a curated playlist.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Naftulin|first=Julia|date=2020-11-06|title=Listen: The playlist scientists used to unlock 'elevated states of consciousness' in people tripping on 'magic' mushrooms for a research study|url=https://www.insider.com/listen-psychedelic-playlist-researchers-use-to-reach-elevated-state-2020-11|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-12-02|website=Insider}}</ref>
{{quote|text=Of course, the [[Psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants|drug]] dose does not produce the [[transcendence (philosophy)|transcendent]] experience. It merely acts as a [[chemical]] key — it opens the mind, frees the [[Central nervous system|nervous system]] of its ordinary patterns and structures. The nature of the experience depends almost entirely on set and setting. Set denotes the preparation of the individual, including his personality structure and his mood at the time. Setting is physical — the weather, the room's atmosphere; social — feelings of persons present towards one another; and cultural — prevailing views as to what is real. It is for this reason that manuals or guide-books are necessary. Their purpose is to enable a person to understand the new realities of the expanded [[consciousness]], to serve as road maps for new interior territories which modern science has made accessible.|sign=[[Timothy Leary]]|source=''[[The Psychedelic Experience|The Psychedelic Experience: A Manual Based on the Tibetan Book of the Dead]]''}}
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