Levels of processing model: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 20:42, 11 March 2020

Revision as of 15:17, 3 December 2020

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===Familiarity===

A stimulus will have a higher [[Recollection|recall]] value if it is highly compatible with preexisting semantic structures (Craik, 1972). According to [[semantic network]] theories, this is because such a stimulus will have many connections to other encoded memories, which are activated based on closeness in semantic network structure.<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.3758/BF03210735 |journal=Psychonomic Bulletin & Review |last=Rhodes |first=MG |author2=Anastasi JS |title=The effects of a levels-of-processing manipulation on false recall |year=2000 |url=http://lamar.colostate.edu/~mrhodes/RA00.pdf |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=158–62 |pmid=10780030 |url-status=dead |archiveurlarchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080906162014/http://lamar.colostate.edu/~mrhodes/RA00.pdf |archivedatearchive-date=2008-09-06 }}</ref> This activation increases cognitive analysis, increasing the strength of the memory representation. The familiarity modifier has been tested in [[implicit memory]] experiments, where subjects report false memories when presented with related stimuli.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Toth |first=JP |year=1996 |title=Conceptual automaticity in recognition memory: Levels-of-processing effects on familiarity |journal=Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3690/is_199603/ai_n8735087 |volume=50 |issue=1 |pmid=8653094 |pages=123–38 |doi=10.1037/1196-1961.50.1.123 |url-status=dead |archiveurlarchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080124111249/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3690/is_199603/ai_n8735087 |archivedatearchive-date=2008-01-24 }}</ref>

===Specificity of processing===

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====Long-term memory====

We especially remember information if we relate it to ourselves.

Damage to the hippocampus produces an inability to form or retrieve new long-term memories, but the ability to maintain and reproduce a small subset of information over the short term is typically preserved.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Baddeley | first1 = A. | last2 = Warrington | first2 = E. | year = 1970 | title = Amnesia and the distinction between long- and short-term memory | url = | journal = Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior | volume = 9 | issue = 2| pages = 176–189 | doi = 10.1016/S0022-5371(70)80048-2 }}</ref>

==Sensory modes ==