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|'''[[Port (circuit theory)|Port]]'''||Two terminals where the current into one is identical to the current out of the other.
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|'''[[Electrical circuit|Circuit]]'''||A current from one terminal of a [[generator (circuit theory)|generator]], through load component(s) and back into the other terminal. A circuit is, in this sense, a one-port network and is a trivial case to analyse. If there is any connection to any other circuits then a non-trivial network has been formed and at least two ports must exist. Often, "circuit" and "network" are used interchangeably, but many analysts reserve "network" to mean an idealised model consisting of ideal components.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Belevitch V |title=Summary of the history of circuit theory |journal=Proceedings of the IRE |volume=50 |issue=5 |pages=849 |date=May 1962 |doi=10.1109/JRPROC.1962.288301 |s2cid=51666316 |author-link=Vitold Belevitch }} cites {{cite journal |title=IRE Standards on Circuits: Definitions of Terms for Linear Passive Reciprocal Time Invariant Networks, 1960 |journal=Proceedings of the IRE |volume=48 |issue=9 |pages=1609 |date=September 1960 |doi=10.1109/JRPROC.1960.287676 }}to justify this definition.<br/>[[Sidney Darlington]] {{cite journal |author=Darlington S |title=A history of network synthesis and filter theory for circuits composed of resistors, inductors, and capacitors |journal=IEEE Trans. Circuits and Systems |volume=31 |issue=1 |pages=4 |year=1984 |doi= 10.1109/TCS.1984.1085415
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|'''[[Transfer function]]'''||The relationship of the currents and/or voltages between two ports. Most often, an input port and an output port are discussed and the transfer function is described as gain or attenuation.
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*[[Superposition theorem|Superposition]] is possibly the most conceptually simple method but rapidly leads to a large number of equations and messy impedance combinations as the network becomes larger.
*[[Effective medium approximations]]: For a network consisting of a high density of random resistors, an exact solution for each individual element may be impractical or impossible. Instead, the effective resistance and current distribution properties can be modelled in terms of [[Graph (discrete mathematics)|graph]] measures and geometrical properties of networks.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kumar|first1=Ankush|last2=Vidhyadhiraja|first2=N. S.|last3=Kulkarni|first3=G. U .|year=2017|title=Current distribution in conducting nanowire networks|journal=Journal of Applied Physics|volume=122|issue=4|pages=045101|doi=10.1063/1.4985792
==Transfer function==
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