Regulation and monitoring of pollution: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 23:57, 19 November 2020

Revision as of 10:07, 5 December 2020

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To protect the [[environment (biophysical)|environment]] from the adverse effects of pollution, many nations worldwide have enacted legislation to regulate various types of pollution as well as to mitigate the adverse effects of [[pollution]]. Pollution regulation is usually considered to be mainly conducted by government actors, though some corporations have undertaken voluntary actions to regulate their own emissions.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Condon|first=Madison|date=2020-03-01|title=Externalities and the Common Owner|url=https://scholarship.law.bu.edu/faculty_scholarship/992|journal=Washington Law Review|volume=95|issue=1|pages=1}}</ref>'''{{rp|3}}'''

==Regulation and monitoring by region==

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====Land pollution====

Congress passed the [[Resource Conservation and Recovery Act]] (RCRA) in 1976, which created a regulatory framework for both [[municipal solid waste]] and [[hazardous waste]] disposed on land.<ref>U.S. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. {{USPL|94|580}}, {{USC|42|6901}} ''et seq.'' October 21, 1976.</ref> RCRA requires that all hazardous wastes be managed and tracked from generation of the waste, through transport and processing, to final disposal, by means of a nationwide permit system. The ''Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984'' mandated regulation of [[underground storage tank]]s containing petroleum and hazardous chemicals, and the phasing out of land disposal of hazardous waste.<ref>U.S. Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984, {{USPL|98|616}}, November 8, 1984.</ref> The [[Federal Facilities Compliance Act]], passed in 1992, clarified RCRA coverage of federally owned properties such as military bases. Illegal disposal of waste is punishable by fines of up to $25,000 per occurrence.<ref>{{cite report |date=2014 |title=Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Orientation Manual |chapter-url=https://www.epa.gov/hwgenerators/resource-conservation-and-recovery-act-rcra-orientation-manual |chapter=Chapter I. Introduction to RCRA |publisher=EPA |id=EPA 530-F-11-003}}</ref>{{see also|Superfund|label 1=Superfund - Cleanup program for abandoned hazardous waste sites}}

====Noise pollution====