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'''Micro Transport Protocol''' or '''μTP''' (sometimes also '''uTP''') is an [[open standard|open]] [[User Datagram Protocol|UDP]]-based variant of the [[BitTorrent]] [[peer-to-peer file sharing]] [[Protocol (computing)|protocol]] intended to mitigate poor latency and other [[network congestion#Congestion control|congestion control]] problems found in conventional BitTorrent over [[Transmission Control Protocol|TCP]], while providing reliable, ordered delivery.
It was devised to automatically slow down<ref>{{cite web|url=http://forum.bittorrent.org/viewtopic.php?pid%3D762#p762 |title=Archived copy |
==Development==
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μTP emerged from research at [[Internet2]] on [[Quality of service|QoS]] and high-performance [[bulk transport]], was adapted for use as a background transport protocol by Plicto, that was founded by [[Stanislav Shalunov]]<ref>[http://www.fastcolabs.com/3014951/why-your-bittorrent-downloads-move-so-fast This Is How Your BitTorrent Downloads Move So Fast], Fastcolabs, 2013-07-29, Retrieved November 6, 2013</ref> and later it was acquired by [[BitTorrent (company)|BitTorrent, Inc.]] in 2006, and further developed within its new owner.<ref>http://www.slideshare.net/eCommConf/eric-klinker-presentation-at-emerging-communication-conference-awards-2010-america/11 uTP timeline, slide 11, "This Green Revolution-improving the yield of your network investment", eComm America Conference, San Francisco, CA, April 2010.</ref> It was first introduced in the μTorrent 1.8.x beta branches, and publicized in the alpha builds of [[μTorrent]] 1.9.<ref>[https://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20081201-utorrents-switch-to-udp-and-why-the-sky-isnt-falling.html µTorrent's switch to UDP and why the sky isn't falling]</ref><ref>[http://www.thinkbroadband.com/news/3807-utorrent-shifts-towards-udp-to-make-it-work-better.html uTorrent shifts towards UDP to make it work better]</ref>
The implementation of μTP used in μTorrent was later separated into the "libutp" library and published under the [[MIT license]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://forum.utorrent.com/viewtopic.php?id=76640 |title=Archived copy |
The first [[free software]] client to implement μTP was [[KTorrent]] 4.0.<ref>http://torrentfreak.com/ktorrent-first-bittorrent-client-to-adopt-open-source-utp-100528/</ref><ref>http://ktorrent.pwsp.net/?q=node/42 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402090740/http://ktorrent.pwsp.net/?q=node%2F42 |date=2015-04-02 }}</ref> [[libtorrent]] implements μTP since version 0.16.0<ref>https://code.google.com/p/libtorrent/downloads/detail?name=libtorrent-rasterbar-0.16.0.tar.gz</ref> and it is used in [[qBittorrent]] since 2.8.0.<ref>http://www.qbittorrent.org/news.php</ref> [[Tixati]] implements μTP since version 1.72.<ref>http://www.tixati.com/news/</ref> [[Vuze]] (formerly Azureus) implements μTP since version 4.6.0.0.<ref>https://wiki.vuze.com/w/Version_4400_4702_Changelog</ref> [[Transmission (BitTorrent client)|Transmission]] implements μTP since version 2.30.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://trac.transmissionbt.com/wiki/Changes#version-2.30 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2012-07-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150524013026/https://trac.transmissionbt.com/wiki/Changes#version-2.30 |archive-date=2015-05-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
==μTP congestion control==
The congestion control algorithm used by μTP, known as Low Extra Delay Background Transport ([[LEDBAT]]), aims to decrease the latency caused by applications using the protocol while maximizing bandwidth when latency is not excessive.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com.au/articles/27957-Torrents-of-Disruption-on-the-Way- |title=Technical information about UDP |access-date=2008-12-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090512123108/http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com.au/articles/27957-Torrents-of-Disruption-on-the-Way- |archive-date=2009-05-12 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://forum.bittorrent.org/viewtopic.php?pid%3D762#p762 |title=Archived copy |
{{Internet|expanded=Protocols}}
LEDBAT is described in RFC 6817. As of 2009, the details of the μTP implementation were different from those of the then-current Internet Draft.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://forum.bittorrent.org/viewtopic.php?pid%3D753#p753 |title=Archived copy |
μTP also adds support for [[NAT traversal]] using [[UDP hole punching]] between two port-restricted peers where a third unrestricted peer acts as a [[STUN]] server.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://forum.utorrent.com/viewtopic.php?id%3D49813 |title=Archived copy |
==See also==
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