Ggplot2: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 21:18, 24 November 2020

Revision as of 13:12, 10 December 2020

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On 2 March 2012, ggplot2 version 0.9.0 was released with numerous changes to internal organization, scale construction and layers.<ref>{{cite web|author=ggplot2 Development Team|title=Changes and Additions to ggplot2-0.9.0|url=https://cloud.github.com/downloads/hadley/ggplot2/guide-col.pdf}}</ref>

On 25 February 2014, Hadley Wickham formally announced that "ggplot2 is shifting to maintenance mode. This means that we are no longer adding new features, but we will continue to fix major bugs, and consider new features submitted as pull requests. In recognition [of] this significant milestone, the next version of ggplot2 will be 1.0.0".<ref>{{cite web |last=Wickham|first=Hadley|title=ggplot2 development|url= https://groups.google.com/d/msg/ggplot2/SSxt8B8QLfo/J2dfKR92rsYJ|publisher=ggplot2 Google Group|accessdateaccess-date=26 February 2014}}</ref>

On 21 December 2015, ggplot 2.0.0 was released. In the announcement, it was stated that "ggplot2 now has an official extension mechanism. This means that others can now easily create their [own] stats, geoms and positions, and provide them in other packages."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.rstudio.org/2015/12/21/ggplot2-2-0-0/|title=ggplot 2.0.0}}</ref>

==Comparison with base graphics and other packages==

In contrast to base R graphics, ggplot2 allows the user to add, remove or alter components in a plot at a high level of abstraction.<ref>{{cite web|last=Smith|first=David|title=Create beautiful statistical graphics with ggplot2|url=http://blog.revolutionanalytics.com/2009/01/create-beautiful-statistical-graphics-with-ggplot2.html|work=Revolutions|publisher=[[Revolution Analytics]]|accessdateaccess-date=11 July 2011}}</ref> This abstraction comes at a cost, with ggplot2 being slower than lattice graphics.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://learnr.wordpress.com/2009/08/26/ggplot2-version-of-figures-in-lattice-multivariate-data-visualization-with-r-final-part/|title=ggplot2 Version of Figures in "Lattice: Multivariate Data Visualization with R" (Final Part)}}</ref>

One potential limitation of base R graphics is the "pen-and-paper model" utilized to populate the plotting device.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wickham|first=Hadley|title=ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis |year=2009 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-0-387-98140-6|pages=5}}</ref> Graphical output from the interpreter is added directly to the plotting device or window rather than separately for each distinct element of a plot.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Murrell |first=Paul |title=R Graphics|journal=Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Computational Statistics|date=August 2009|volume=1|issue=2|pages=216–220|doi=10.1002/wics.22}}</ref> In this respect it is similar to the lattice package, though Wickham argues ggplot2 inherits a more formal model of graphics from Wilkinson.<ref>{{cite book|last=Sarkar|first=Deepayan|title=Lattice: multivariate data visualization with R|year=2008|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-0-387-75968-5|pages=xi}}</ref> As such, it allows for a high degree of modularity; the same underlying data can be transformed by many different scales or layers.<ref>{{cite book|last=Teetor|first=Paul|title=R Cookbook|year=2011|publisher=O'Reilly|isbn=978-0-596-80915-7|pages=223}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Wickham|first=Hadley|date=March 2010|title=A Layered Grammar of Graphics|url=http://vita.had.co.nz/papers/layered-grammar.pdf|journal=Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics|volume=19|issue=1|pages=3–28|doi=10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098|via=}}</ref>

Plots may be created via the convenience function <code>qplot()</code> where arguments and defaults are meant to be similar to base R's <code>plot()</code> function.<ref>{{cite book|title=R: A language and environment for statistical computing|year=2011|publisher=R Foundation for Statistical Computing|___location=Vienna, Austria|isbn=3-900051-07-0|url=http://www.R-project.org/|author=R Development Core Team}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Ginestet|first=Cedric|title=ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis |journal=Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A |date=January 2011 |volume=174 |issue=1 |pages=245–246 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-985X.2010.00676_9.x}}</ref> More complex plotting capacity is available via <code>ggplot()</code> which exposes the user to more explicit elements of the grammar.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Muenchen|first1=Robert A.|title=R for STATA Users|last2=Hilbe|first2=Joseph M |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-1-4419-1317-3 |doi=10.1007/978-1-4419-1318-0_16 |chapter=Graphics with ggplot2}}</ref>

==Related projects==

* ggplot for Python<ref>{{cite web |url=https://github.com/yhat/ggplot/ |title=ggplot for Python |publisher=yhat |accessdateaccess-date=12 October 2014}}</ref>

* Plotly - Interactive, online ggplot2 graphs<ref>{{cite web |url=https://plot.ly/ggplot2/ |title=Interactive, online ggplot2 graphs |publisher=plotly |accessdateaccess-date=12 October 2014}}</ref>

* gramm, a plotting class for MATLAB inspired by ggplot2<ref>{{cite web|title=ggplot for Matlab|url=https://github.com/piermorel/gramm|publisher=gramm|accessdateaccess-date=11 December 2015}}</ref>

* gadfly, a system for plotting and visualization written in [[Julia (programming language)|Julia]], based largely on ggplot2<ref>{{cite web|title=Gadfly.jl|url=http://gadflyjl.org|accessdateaccess-date=11 September 2018}}</ref>

* Chart::GGPlot - ggplot2 port in [[Perl]]<ref>{{cite web|title= Stephan Loyd/Chart-GGPlot-0.0001|url=https://metacpan.org/release/Chart-GGPlot|accessdateaccess-date=30 March 2019}}</ref>

== References ==

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* {{cite book|last=Wilkinson|first=Leland|author-link=Leland Wilkinson|title=The Grammar of Graphics|year=2005|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-0-387-98774-3}}

* {{cite book|last=Wickham|first=Hadley|title=R for Data Science|url=https://r4ds.had.co.nz/|year=2017|publisher=O'Reilly Media|isbn=978-1491910399}}

* {{cite video |people= Wickham, Hadley|date= 6 Jun 2011|title=Engineering Data Analysis (with R and ggplot2) |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TaxJwC_MP9Q |format= |medium= |language= |publisher= Google Tech Talks}}

== External links ==