Simple Knowledge Organization System: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 21:51, 10 December 2020

Revision as of 01:20, 11 December 2020

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=== DESIRE II project (1997–2000) ===

The most direct ancestor to SKOS was the RDF Thesaurus work undertaken in the second phase of the EU DESIRE project <ref name="Desire Project">{{Citation |date=August 7, 2000 |title=Desire: Development of a European Service for Information on Research and Education |publisher=Desire Consortium |url=http://www.desire.org/ |archiveurlarchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725230823/http://www.desire.org/ |archivedatearchive-date=July 25, 2011 }}</ref>{{Citation needed|reason=The Desire Project reference does not appear to directly address the SKOS ancestry statement made here.|date=August 2012}}. Motivated by the need to improve the user interface and usability of multi-service browsing and searching,<ref name="Desire Deliverable D.36b">{{Citation |title=Desire: Research Deliverables: D3.1 |publisher=Desire Consortium |url=http://www.desire.org/docs/research/deliverables/D3.6/d36b.html |archiveurlarchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509135041/http://www.desire.org/html/research/deliverables/D3.6/#d36b |archivedatearchive-date=May 9, 2008 }}</ref> a basic RDF vocabulary for Thesauri was produced. As noted later in the SWAD-Europe workplan, the DESIRE work was adopted and further developed in the SOSIG and LIMBER projects. A version of the DESIRE/SOSIG implementation was described in W3C's QL'98 workshop, motivating early work on RDF rule and query languages: A Query and Inference Service for RDF.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.w3.org/TandS/QL/QL98/pp/queryservice.html|title=A Query and Inference Service for RDF|website=www.w3.org}}</ref>

=== LIMBER (1999–2001) ===

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=== SWAD-Europe (2002–2004) ===

SKOS as a distinct initiative began in the SWAD-Europe project, bringing together partners from both DESIRE, SOSIG (ILRT) and LIMBER (CCLRC) who had worked with earlier versions of the schema. It was developed in the Thesaurus Activity Work Package, in the Semantic Web Advanced Development for Europe (SWAD-Europe) project.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/Europe/|title=Semantic Web Advanced Development for Europe (SWAD-Europe)|website=www.w3.org}}</ref> SWAD-Europe was funded by the [[European Community]], and part of the [[Information Society Technologies]] programme. The project was designed to support W3C's Semantic Web Activity through research, demonstrators and outreach efforts conducted by the five project partners, [[ERCIM]], the ILRT at [[Bristol University]], [[HP Labs]], [[CCLRC]] and Stilo. The first release of SKOS Core and SKOS Mapping were published at the end of 2003, along with other deliverables on RDF encoding of multilingual thesauri<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.w3c.rl.ac.uk/SWAD/deliverables/8.3.html|title=SWAD-Europe Deliverable 8.3 : RDF Encoding of Multilingual Thesauri|url-status=dead|archiveurlarchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060616014639/http://www.w3c.rl.ac.uk/SWAD/deliverables/8.3.html|archivedatearchive-date=2006-06-16}}</ref> and thesaurus mapping.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.w3c.rl.ac.uk/SWAD/deliverables/8.4.html|title=SWAD-Europe Deliverable 8.4 : Inter-Thesaurus Mapping|url-status=dead|archiveurlarchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060430071751/http://www.w3c.rl.ac.uk/SWAD/deliverables/8.4.html|archivedatearchive-date=2006-04-30}}</ref>

=== Semantic web activity (2004–2005) ===

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== Applications ==

*Some important vocabularies have been migrated into SKOS format and are available in the public ___domain, including [[EuroVoc]], [[AGROVOC]] and [[GEMET]]. [[Library of Congress Subject Headings]] (LCSH) also support the SKOS format.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://id.loc.gov/authorities/about.html|title=About the Library of Congress Authorities|url-status=dead|archiveurlarchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100103222746/http://id.loc.gov/authorities/about.html|archivedatearchive-date=2010-01-03}}</ref>

*SKOS has been used as the language for the thesauri used in the [[SWED Environmental Directory]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.swed.org.uk/swed|title=Semantic Web Environmental Directory|url-status=dead|archiveurlarchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060830092349/http://www.swed.org.uk/swed/|archivedatearchive-date=2006-08-30}}</ref> developed in the SWAD-Europe project framework.

*A way to convert thesauri to SKOS,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thesauri.cs.vu.nl/eswc06/|title=A Method to Convert Thesauri to SKOS|website=thesauri.cs.vu.nl}}</ref> with examples including the [[Medical Subject Headings|MeSH]] thesaurus, has been outlined by the [[Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam]].

*Subject classification using [[Darwin Information Typing Architecture|DITA]] and SKOS has been developed by [[IBM]].<ref>[http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/xml/library/x-dita10/ Subject classification using [[Darwin Information Typing Architecture|DITA]] and SKOS] by IBM developerWorks.</ref>

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== Tools ==

* Unilexicon<ref>[https://unilexicon.com/ Unilexicon] web based visual taxonomy editor</ref> is a web based visual editor and [[Taxonomy for search engines|taxonomy]] manager for authoring controlled vocabularies with tagging integration and JSON API. Its primary visualisation uses [[hyperbolic tree]].

* ThesauRex is an open-source, web-based SKOS editor. It is limited to broader/narrower relations among concepts and offers tree-based interaction and with thesauri and drag&drop creation of new thesauri based on a master thesaurus.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://github.com/eScienceCenter/ThesauRex|title=eScienceCenter/ThesauRex|author=|date=22 March 2020|website=GitHub}}</ref>

* Mondeca's Intelligent Topic Manager (ITM) is a full-featured SKOS-compliant solution for managing taxonomies, thesauri, and other controlled vocabularies.

*Opentheso is an open source web-based thesaurus management system compliant with ISO 25964:2011 and ISO 25964-2:2012 standards (Information and Documentation. Thesauri and Interoperability with other vocabularies). It offers SKOS and csv exports and imports, REST and SOAP web services and manages persistent identifiers (ARK). It has been developed at the French National Center for Scientific Research since 2007. It is currently used by the French archaeological libraries network Frantiq and by research teams and by the Hospices Civils de Lyon as a collaborative thesaurus management tool. It can be downloaded on github.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://opentheso.healthandco.fr/opentheso/opentheso.xhtml | title=Opentheso - Copyright}}</ref>

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* Lexaurus<ref>[https://www.k-int.com/products/lexaurus/ Lexaurus] is an enterprise thesaurus management system and multi-format editor.</ref> is an enterprise thesaurus management system and multi-format editor. Its extensive API includes full revision management. SKOS is one of its many supported formats.

* SKOS Shuttle<ref>{{cite web|url=https://skosshuttle.ch|title=SKOS Shuttle|first=Semweb LLC, Fabio|last=Ricci|website=skosshuttle.ch}}</ref> is a thesaurus management service which allows users to import, maintain, process and synchronize thesauri in SKOS using also special extensions of SKOS.

* TopBraid Enterprise Vocabulary Net (EVN)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.topquadrant.com/solutions/ent_vocab_net.html|title=TopBraid Enterprise Vocabulary Net - TopQuadrant, Inc|publisher=}}</ref> and TopBraid Enterprise Data Governance (EDG) are web-based solutions that support development and management of interconnected controlled vocabularies such as taxonomies, thesauri, business glossaries and ontologies. SKOS and SKOS-XL are supported.

* Thesaurus Master, for creating, developing, and maintaining taxonomies and thesauri, is part of Access Innovations' Data Harmony knowledge management software line. It offers SKOS-compliant export.

* Fluent Editor 2014 – an ontology editor which allows users to work and edit directly OWL annotations and SKOS. Annotations will be processed also for referenced ontologies as well as imported/exported to OWL/RDF and can be processed on the server.