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'''Systems Application Architecture''' ('''SAA'''), introduced in 1987,<ref>{{cite web|title=IBM Archives: 1980s|url=http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/history/year_1987.html|website=IBM|publisher=IBM}}</ref> is a set of standards for [[computer software]] developed by [[IBM]]. The SAA initiative was started in 1987 under the leadership of [[Earl Wheeler]], the "Father of SAA".<ref>{{cite news|last1=Bride|first1=Ed|last2=Desmond|first2=John|title=Wheeler: father of SAA - IBM VP and General manager of programming Systems Division Earl Wheeler; Systems Application Architecture - interview|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0SMG/is_n15_v9/ai_8048960/|
SAA did not define new standards, but selected from among IBM's existing guidelines and software. IBM also purchased some third party software from developers such as [[Bachman Information Systems]], Index Technology, Inc., and [[KnowledgeWare|KnowledgeWare, Inc.]]<ref>{{cite news|title=IBM kauft sich für SAA Software-Know-how ein|url=http://www.computerwoche.de/heftarchiv/1989/35/1151816/|access-date=June 21, 2012|newspaper=Computerwoche|date=1989-08-25|archive-url=https://archive.is/20130210202313/http://www.computerwoche.de/heftarchiv/1989/35/1151816/|archive-date=2013-02-10|url-status=dead
The standard was "designed to make application programs look and work in the same manner across the entire range of the company's personal computing systems, midrange processors and System/370 processors."<ref>{{cite web|last=IBM Corporation|title=IBM Archives: 1987|url=http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/history/year_1987.html}}</ref>
SAA was labeled "complex, obscure, and potentially difficult to learn."<ref name=Linnell>{{cite book|last=Linnell|first=Dennis|title=The SAA Handbook|year=1990|publisher=Addison-Wesley|isbn=0-201-51786-8|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/The_SAA_handbook.html?id=ZVkPAQAAMAAJ}}</ref>{{rp|p.xi}}
Under [[Louis V. Gerstner Jr.|Lou Gerstner]] IBM later quietly discontinued use of the "SAA" [[Umbrella term|umbrella]]. By 2001, SAA was being spoken of in the past tense.<ref>{{cite news|last=Cooper|first=Charles|title=Gerstner's legacy and why it matters|url=http://www.zdnetasia.com/gerstners-legacy-and-why-it-matters-38030327.htm|
==Common programming interface (CPI)==
The '''Common Programming Interface''' attempted to standardize compilers and [[application programming interface]]s among all systems participating in SAA, with the objective of providing "a common programming interface for the entire IBM computer product line - PCs, System/3x, System/370. This implies that under SAA, a program written for any IBM machine will run on any other".<ref name=Perna>{{cite web|last=Perna|first=Janet|title=SHARE 70: Session D010 - SAA Strategy Update: Application Software Support|url=http://www.redbug.org/dba/sharerpt/share70/d010.html|access-date=June 18, 2012|archive-url=https://archive.is/20130503091759/http://www.redbug.org/dba/sharerpt/share70/d010.html|archive-date=2013-05-03|url-status=dead
CPI included a number of pieces:<ref name=Linnell />{{rp|pp.46–51}}
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* Presentation interface — the OS/2 [[Presentation Manager]] was defined to be and when developed was a full implementation of the SAA presentation interface. [[IBM Graphical Data Display Manager (GDDM)]] provided compatible SAA graphics support for MVS and VM.
* Dialog interface — [[ISPF]] represented the text mode dialog interface; OS/2 represented the full graphical interface.
* Resource Recovery — Common Programming Interface: Resource Recovery (CPI-RR)<ref>{{Cite web
==Common user access (CUA)==
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