Bluetooth mesh networking: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 18:55, 11 December 2020

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'''Bluetooth Mesh''' is a computer [[mesh networking]] standard based on [[Bluetooth Low Energy]] that allows for many-to-many communication over Bluetooth radio. The Bluetooth Mesh specifications were defined in the Mesh Profile<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bluetooth.org/docman/handlers/downloaddoc.ashx?doc_id=429633|title=Mesh Profile Bluetooth® Specification|date=2017-07-13|website=Bluetooth Technology Website|format=PDF download|access-date=2017-07-18}}</ref> and Mesh Model<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bluetooth.org/docman/handlers/downloaddoc.ashx?doc_id=429634|title=Mesh Model Bluetooth® Specification|date=2017-07-13|website=Bluetooth Technology Website|format=PDF download|access-date=2017-07-18}}</ref> specifications by the [[Bluetooth Special Interest Group]] (Bluetooth SIG). Bluetooth Mesh was conceived in 2014<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://blog.bluetooth.com/range-limitation-what-range-limitation-introducing-mesh-networks/|title=Range Limitation? What Range Limitation? Introducing Mesh Networks {{!}} Bluetooth Technology Website|last=|first=|date=|website=blog.bluetooth.com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409092727/http://blog.bluetooth.com/range-limitation-what-range-limitation-introducing-mesh-networks/|archive-date=2016-04-09|access-date=2017-07-06}}</ref> and adopted on {{Start date|2017|07|13}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bluetooth.com/what-is-bluetooth-technology/how-it-works/le-mesh|title=Low Energy: Mesh {{!}} Bluetooth Technology Website|website=www.bluetooth.com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170901202951/https://www.bluetooth.com/what-is-bluetooth-technology/how-it-works/le-mesh|archive-date=2017-09-01|access-date=2017-07-18}}</ref>

== Overview ==

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A key unique to a device known as "Device Key" is derived from elliptic curve shared secret on provisioner and device during the provisioning process. This device key is used by the provisioner to encrypt messages for that specific device.

Security of provisioning process has been analyzed in a paper presented during [[IEEE Communications Society|IEEE CNS]] 2018 conference.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Adomnicai|first=A.|last2=Fournier|first2=J. J. A.|last3=Masson|first3=L.|date=2018-05-30|title=Hardware Security Threats Against Bluetooth Mesh Networks|journal=2018 IEEE Conference on Communications and Network Security (CNS)|volume=|pages=1–9|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8433184|doi=10.1109/CNS.2018.8433184|isbn=978-1-5386-4586-4}}</ref>

The provisioning can be performed using a Bluetooth GATT connection or advertising using the specific bearer.<ref name=":0" />

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=== Free and open-source software implementations ===

[[Free software]] and [[The Open Source Definition|open source software]] implementations include the following:

* The official (included in [[Linux kernel]] by [[Linus Torvalds]] in 2001<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bluez.org/about/history/|title=BlueZ History|last=|first=|date=2019-09-07|website=BlueZ|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref>) Linux Bluetooth protocol stack [[BlueZ]], dual free-licensed under the [[GNU General Public License|GPL]]<ref name="bluez_GPL" /> and the [[GNU Lesser General Public License|LGPL]],<ref name="bluez_LGPL" /> supports Mesh Profile, from release version 5.47,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bluez.org/release-of-bluez-5-47/|title=BlueZ » Blog Archive » Release of BlueZ 5.47|website=www.bluez.org|access-date=2017-10-27}}</ref> by providing meshctl tool to configure mesh devices. BlueZ was approved as a "qualified" software package by Bluetooth SIG in 2005.<ref name="bluez_SIGqualified" /> BlueZ is not considered to be a qualified Bluetooth Mesh stack as Bluetooth Mesh is not listed{{where|date=September 2019}} as a supported profile.

* [[Bluetooth stack#Apache Mynewt NimBLE|Apache Mynewt NimBLE]], free-licensed under the [[Apache License#Compatibility|Apache License 2.0]],<ref name="mynewt_apache2p0" /> supports Bluetooth Mesh from release version 1.2.0.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/MYNEWT/RN-1.2.0|title=RN-1.2.0 - Apache Mynewt - Apache Software Foundation|website=cwiki.apache.org|access-date=2018-07-02}}</ref> It was qualified on {{Start date|2019|07|15}} with QDID 131934.<ref name=":2" />

* [[Bluetooth stack#Zephyr OS Mesh|Zephyr OS Mesh]], free-licensed under the [[Apache License#Compatibility|Apache License 2.0]],<ref name="zephyr_apache2p0" /> supports Bluetooth Mesh from release version 1.9.0.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://docs.zephyrproject.org/latest/releases/release-notes-1.9.html#zephyr-kernel-1-9-0|title=Release Notes Zephyr Kernel 1.9.0|website=docs.zephyrproject.org|access-date=2020-03-21}}</ref> Zephyr OS Mesh 1.14.x was qualified on {{Start date|2019|09|20}} with QDID 139259.<ref name=":2" />

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{{Reflist|refs=

<ref name="bluez_SIGqualified">{{cite web | title = Qualified Product Detail | website= [[Bluetooth Special Interest Group|Bluetooth SIG]] | url = https://www.bluetooth.org/qualweb/ProductDetails.cfm?ProductID=2379 | accessdateaccess-date = 2019-09-05 |archiveurlarchive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190905203425/https://www.bluetooth.org/qualweb/ProductDetails.cfm?ProductID=2379 |archivedatearchive-date= 2019-09-05 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="mynewt_apache2p0">{{cite web | title = apache/mynewt-core/LICENSE | website= [[GitHub]] |date = 2018-06-04 | url = https://github.com/apache/mynewt-core/blob/master/LICENSE | accessdateaccess-date = 2019-09-05 |archiveurlarchive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190905203215/https://github.com/apache/mynewt-core/blob/master/LICENSE |archivedatearchive-date= 2019-09-05 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="zephyr_apache2p0">{{cite web | title = zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/blob/master/LICENSE | website= [[GitHub]] |date = 2020-03-21 | url = https://github.com/apache/mynewt-core/blob/master/LICENSE | accessdateaccess-date = 2020-03-21 |archiveurlarchive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190905203215/https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/blob/master/LICENSE |archivedatearchive-date= 2020-03-21 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="bluez_GPL">{{cite web | title =index : bluez.git – Bluetooth protocol stack for Linux – Marcel Holtmann | website= [[kernel.org]] |year = 1991 | url = https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/bluetooth/bluez.git/tree/COPYING | accessdateaccess-date = 2019-09-05 |archiveurlarchive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190905201757/https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/bluetooth/bluez.git/tree/COPYING |archivedatearchive-date= 2019-09-05 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="bluez_LGPL">{{cite web | title = index : bluez.git – Bluetooth protocol stack for Linux – Marcel Holtmann | website= [[kernel.org]] | year = 1999 | url = https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/bluetooth/bluez.git/tree/COPYING.LIB | accessdateaccess-date = 2019-09-05 |archiveurlarchive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190905201816/https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/bluetooth/bluez.git/tree/COPYING.LIB |archivedatearchive-date= 2019-09-05 |url-status=live}}</ref>

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