Lay judge: Difference between revisions

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==References==

{{refbegin}}

* {{cite web | title= Volksgerichte, 1918-1924 | first= Franz J. | last= Bauer | work= [[:de:Historisches Lexikon Bayerns|Historisches Lexikon Bayerns]] | date= 23 December 2009 | url= http://www.historisches-lexikon-bayerns.de/artikel/artikel_44638}}

* {{cite journal | title= Lay Judges in the German Criminal Courts | first1 = Gerhard | last1= Casper | authorlink1= Gerhard Casper | first2= Hans | last2= Zeisel | authorlink2= :de:Hans Zeisel | journal= [[Journal of Legal Studies]] | volume= 1 | issue= 1 | date= January 1972 | jstor= 724014 | ref= harv}}

* {{cite book | title= PressJudiciaries andWithin politics inEurope: theA WeimarComparative RepublicReview | first= BernhardJohn | last= Fulda | year= 2009Bell | publisher= [[OxfordCambridge University Press]] | year= 2006 | isbn= 978-0-19521-95477886072-47 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=StNY-71yVXQCHw47iqneTnIC&pg=PA69 | ref= harvPA153}}

* {{cite book | title= Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies | last= Bell | first= John | chapter= Lay Judges | volume= 3 | year= 2004 | editor1-first= Alan | editor1-last= Dashwood | editor2-first= John | editor2-last= Bell | editor3-first= Angela | editor3-last= Ward | isbn= 978-1-84113-361-4 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=mEIayVZORAQC&pg=PA299 | quote= The choice by the local community is now reflected in the appointment of the nämnd by the local authority. … Nämndemän are usually chosen from members of the authority in proportion to the political representation at the last local elections. | ref= harv}}

* {{cite book | title= European Constitutional History | last= Case | first= Nelson | year= 1902 | publisher= Jennings & Pye | oclc= 608806061 | url= https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_G2t9AAAAMAAJ | page= [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_G2t9AAAAMAAJ/page/n151 139] | ref= harv}}

* {{cite book | title= The Accused: A Comparative Study | first = John Archibald | last= Coutts | series= British Institute Studies in International and Comparative Law | volume= 3 | year= 1966 | publisher= [[British Institute of International and Comparative Law]] | oclc= 470998549 | quote= After the Second World War, that is, from 1948 to 1950, the State of Bavaria once again introduced trial by jury. Such courts were however abolished when in 1950 uniformity was once again applied to court procedure in the Federal Republic. | ref= harv}}

* {{cite book | title= WorldEuropean Criminal Justice Systems: A SurveyProcedures | first= Richard J.Mireille | last= TerrillDelmas-Marty | publisher= [[ElsevierCambridge University Press]] | year= 2009 | edition= 72002 | isbn= 978-10-59345521-61259110-2 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=hJaEzC1CBe8CepTsD3_6DVMC&pg=PA248 | ref= harvPA306}}

* {{cite book | title= History of Trial by Jury | last= Forsyth | first= William | authorlink= William Forsyth (QC) | year= 1852 | publisher= J. W. Parker | oclc= 29739821 | url= https://archive.org/details/historytrialbyj01forsgoog | page= [https://archive.org/details/historytrialbyj01forsgoog/page/n389 369] | ref= harv}}

* {{cite journal | title= Lay Judges in the German Criminal Courts | first1 = Gerhard | last1= Casper | authorlink1= Gerhard Casper | first2= Hans | last2= Zeisel | authorlink2= :de:Hans Zeisel | journal= [[Journal of Legal Studies]] | volume= 1 | issue= 1 | date= January 1972 | jstor= 724014 | ref= harv}}

* {{cite book | title= The RisePress and Fallpolitics ofin the Third Reich: A History of NaziWeimar GermanyRepublic | first= William L.Bernhard | last= ShirerFulda | year= 19902009 | publisher= Simon[[Oxford andUniversity SchusterPress]] | isbn= 978-0-67119-72868954778-74 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=sY8svbStNY-MNUwC71yVXQC&pg=PA64 | ref= harvPA69}}

* {{cite book | title= Criminal Justice in Germany | first= Jörg-Martin | last= Jehle | author2= [[Federal Ministry of Justice (Germany)|German Federal Ministry of Justice]] | publisher= Forum-Verl | year= 2009 | isbn= 978-3-936999-51-8 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=-V-ng-8jOoQC&pg=PA23 | ref= {{harvid|Jehle|BMJ|2009}}}}

* {{cite bookjournal | title= EuropeanOn CriminalUses Proceduresand Misuses of Comparative Law | first = MireilleOtto | last= DelmasKahn-MartyFreund | publisherauthorlink= Otto Kahn-Freund | journal= [[CambridgeModern UniversityLaw PressReview]] | yearvolume= 200237 | isbnissue= 978-0-521-59110-21 | urldate= https://books.google.com/books?id=epTsD3_6DVMC&pg=PA306January 1974 | refjstor= harv1094713}}

* {{citeCite book | title = JudiciariesThe WithinKosovo EuropeConflict and International Law: AAn ComparativeAnalytical ReviewDocumentation 1974-1999 | first = JohnHeike | last = BellKrieger | year = 2001 | authorlink= :de:Heike Krieger | publisher = [[Cambridge University Press]] | year= 2006isbn | isbn= 978-0-521-8607280071-76 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Hw47iqneTnIC-OhPTJn8ZWoC&pg=PA153 | ref= harvPA32}}

* {{cite book | title= Can Liberal Pluralism be Exported?: Western Political Theory and Ethnic Relations in Eastern Europe | first1= Will | last1= Kymlicka | first2= Magdalena | last2= Opalski | year= 2001 | authorlink1= Will Kymlicka | publisher= Oxford University Press | isbn= 978-0-19-924063-0 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=NNWHtqBJcGwC&pg=PA142 | ref= harv}}

* {{cite journal | title= Lay Judges in German Criminal Courts: The Modification of an Institution | first= Nancy Travis | last= Wolfe | journal= [[Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society]] | volume= 138 | issue= 4 | date= December 1994 | jstor= 986849 | ref= harv}}

* {{cite book | title= Democracy in the Courts: Lay Participation in European Criminal Justice Systems | first = Marijke | last= Malsch | year= 2009 | publisher= Ashgate Publishing | isbn= 978-0-7546-7405-4 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=CrLLzVZfrPwC&pg=PA137 | ref= harv}}

* {{cite book | title= AThe World ViewCreation of Criminalthe JusticeModern |German series=Army: InternationalGeneral Walther Reinhardt and Comparativethe CriminalWeimar JusticeRepublic, 1914-1930 | first= RichardWilliam | last= VoglerMulligan | year= 2005 | series= Monographs in German History | volume= 12 | publisher= AshgateBerghahn PublishingBooks | isbn= 978-01-754657181-2467908-76 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=rN90FSGhrlrQz-cCDQwF_kC&pg=PA245 | ref= harvPA173}}

* {{cite journalbook | title= OnSoviet UsesRussia, and Misuses of Comparative Law1917-1963 | first = OttoThomas | last= Kahn-FreundRiha | authorlinkyear= Otto Kahn-Freund1969 | journalseries= [[ModernReadings Lawin Review]]Russian Civilization | volume= 373 | issuepublisher= 1University | date=of JanuaryChicago 1974Press | jstorisbn= 1094713978-0-226-71857-6 | refurl= harvhttps://books.google.com/books?id=AH3Y82BfrPYC&pg=PA641}}

* {{cite book | title= DemocracyThe inRise theand Courts:Fall Layof Participationthe inThird EuropeanReich: CriminalA JusticeHistory Systemsof Nazi Germany | first = MarijkeWilliam L. | last= MalschShirer | year= 20091990 | publisher= AshgateSimon Publishingand Schuster | isbn= 978-0-7546671-740572868-47 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=CrLLzVZfrPwCsY8svb-MNUwC&pg=PA48 | ref= harvPA64}}

* {{cite journal | title= Criminal Justice in Germany | first = Hans Julius | last= Wolff | authorlink= :de:Hans Julius Wolff (Rechtshistoriker) | journal= [[Michigan Law Review]] | volume= 42 | issue= 6 | date= June 1944 | at= footnote 7, pp. 1069-1070 | jstor= 1283584 | ref= harv}}

* {{cite webbook | title= Volksgerichte,World 1918-1924Criminal Justice Systems: A Survey | first= FranzRichard J. | last= BauerTerrill | workpublisher= [[:de:HistorischesElsevier]] Lexikon Bayerns|Historisches Lexikonyear= Bayerns]]2009 | dateedition= 237 December| 2009isbn= 978-1-59345-612-2 | url= httphttps://wwwbooks.historisches-lexikon-bayernsgoogle.decom/artikel/artikel_44638 | refbooks?id= harvhJaEzC1CBe8C&pg=PA248}}

* {{cite book | title= A World View of Criminal Justice | series= International and Comparative Criminal Justice | first= Richard | last= Vogler | year= 2005 | publisher= Ashgate Publishing | isbn= 978-0-7546-2467-7 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=rN90FSGhr-cC&pg=PA245}}

* {{cite book | title= International Territorial Administration: How Trusteeship and the Civilizing Mission Never Went Away | last= Wilde | first= Ralph | year= 2010 | publisher= Oxford University Press | isbn= 978-0-19-957789-7 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Jny2BlhT0egC&pg=PA85 | ref= harv}}

* {{cite journal | title= Criminal Justice in Germany | first = Hans Julius | last= Wolff | authorlink= :de:Hans Julius Wolff (Rechtshistoriker) | journal= [[Michigan Law Review]] | volume= 42 | issue= 6 | date= June 1944 | at= footnote 7, pp. 1069-1070 | jstor= 1283584 | ref= harv}}

* {{cite journal | title= Lay Judges in German Criminal Courts: The Modification of an Institution | first= Nancy Travis | last= Wolfe | journal= [[Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society]] | volume= 138 | issue= 4 | date= December 1994 | jstor= 986849 | ref= harv}}

* {{cite book | title= Der Hitler-Prozeß vor dem Volksgericht in München |trans-title=The Hitler Trial Before the People's Court in Munich | year= 1924 | ref= {{harvid|Volksgericht|1924}}}}

* {{cite web | url=http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/gvg/__74.html | title= Gerichtsverfassungsgesetz(GVG)-Einzelnorm §74 No.(2) | last1= GVG§74 | year= 2013 | publisher= Bundesministerium der Justiz & juris GmbH | accessdate=9 July 2013 | ref= harv}}

* {{cite book | title= Press and politics in the Weimar Republic | first= Bernhard | last= Fulda | year= 2009 | publisher= [[Oxford University Press]] | isbn= 978-0-19-954778-4 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=StNY-71yVXQC&pg=PA69 | ref= harv}}

* {{cite web | url=http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/gvg/__76.html | title= Gerichtsverfassungsgesetz(GVG)-Einzelnorm §76 No.(2) | last1= GVG§76 | year= 2013 | publisher= Bundesministerium der Justiz & juris GmbH | accessdate=9 July 2013 | ref= harv}}

* {{cite book | title= The Creation of the Modern German Army: General Walther Reinhardt and the Weimar Republic, 1914-1930 | first= William | last= Mulligan | year= 2005 | series= Monographs in German History | volume= 12 | publisher= Berghahn Books | isbn= 978-1-57181-908-6 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=lrQz-DQwF_kC&pg=PA173 | ref= harv}}

* {{cite book | title= The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany | first= William L. | last= Shirer | year= 1990 | publisher= Simon and Schuster | isbn= 978-0-671-72868-7 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=sY8svb-MNUwC&pg=PA64 | ref= harv}}

* {{cite book | title= European Constitutional History | last= Case | first= Nelson | year= 1902 | publisher= Jennings & Pye | oclc= 608806061 | url= https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_G2t9AAAAMAAJ | page= [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_G2t9AAAAMAAJ/page/n151 139] | ref= harv}}

* {{cite book | title= History of Trial by Jury | last= Forsyth | first= William | authorlink= William Forsyth (QC) | year= 1852 | publisher= J. W. Parker | oclc= 29739821 | url= https://archive.org/details/historytrialbyj01forsgoog | page= [https://archive.org/details/historytrialbyj01forsgoog/page/n389 369] | ref= harv}}

* {{Cite book | title = The Kosovo Conflict and International Law: An Analytical Documentation 1974-1999 | first = Heike | last = Krieger | year = 2001 | authorlink= :de:Heike Krieger | publisher = [[Cambridge University Press]] | isbn = 978-0-521-80071-6 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=-OhPTJn8ZWoC&pg=PA32 | ref = harv}}

* {{cite book | title= Can Liberal Pluralism be Exported?: Western Political Theory and Ethnic Relations in Eastern Europe | first1= Will | last1= Kymlicka | first2= Magdalena | last2= Opalski | year= 2001 | authorlink1= Will Kymlicka | publisher= Oxford University Press | isbn= 978-0-19-924063-0 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=NNWHtqBJcGwC&pg=PA142 | ref= harv}}

* {{cite book | title= International Territorial Administration: How Trusteeship and the Civilizing Mission Never Went Away | last= Wilde | first= Ralph | year= 2010 | publisher= Oxford University Press | isbn= 978-0-19-957789-7 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Jny2BlhT0egC&pg=PA85 | ref= harv}}

* {{cite book | title= Soviet Russia, 1917-1963 | first= Thomas | last= Riha | year= 1969 | series= Readings in Russian Civilization | volume= 3 | publisher= University of Chicago Press | isbn= 978-0-226-71857-6 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=AH3Y82BfrPYC&pg=PA641 | ref= harv}}

* {{cite book | title= Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies | last= Bell | first= John | chapter= Lay Judges | volume= 3 | year= 2004 | editor1-first= Alan | editor1-last= Dashwood | editor2-first= John | editor2-last= Bell | editor3-first= Angela | editor3-last= Ward | isbn= 978-1-84113-361-4 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=mEIayVZORAQC&pg=PA299 | quote= The choice by the local community is now reflected in the appointment of the nämnd by the local authority. … Nämndemän are usually chosen from members of the authority in proportion to the political representation at the last local elections. | ref= harv}}

* {{cite book | title= The Accused: A Comparative Study | first = John Archibald | last= Coutts | series= British Institute Studies in International and Comparative Law | volume= 3 | year= 1966 | publisher= [[British Institute of International and Comparative Law]] | oclc= 470998549 | quote= After the Second World War, that is, from 1948 to 1950, the State of Bavaria once again introduced trial by jury. Such courts were however abolished when in 1950 uniformity was once again applied to court procedure in the Federal Republic. | ref= harv}}

* {{cite book | title= World Criminal Justice Systems: A Survey | first= Richard J. | last= Terrill | publisher= [[Elsevier]] | year= 2009 | edition= 7 | isbn= 978-1-59345-612-2 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=hJaEzC1CBe8C&pg=PA248 | ref= harv}}

* {{cite book | title= Democracy in the Courts: Lay Participation in European Criminal Justice Systems | first = Marijke | last= Malsch | year= 2009 | publisher= Ashgate Publishing | isbn= 978-0-7546-7405-4 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=CrLLzVZfrPwC&pg=PA48 | ref= harv}}

* {{cite web | url=http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/gvg/__74.html | title= Gerichtsverfassungsgesetz(GVG)-Einzelnorm §74 No.(2) | last1= GVG§74 | year= 2013 | publisher= Bundesministerium der Justiz & juris GmbH | accessdate=9 July 2013 | ref= harv}}

* {{cite web | url=http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/gvg/__76.html | title= Gerichtsverfassungsgesetz(GVG)-Einzelnorm §76 No.(2) | last1= GVG§76 | year= 2013 | publisher= Bundesministerium der Justiz & juris GmbH | accessdate=9 July 2013 | ref= harv}}

{{refend}}