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<!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage-->
<!-- 基本情報 ---------------->
| official_name = Zaranjザランジュ
| native_name = زرنج
| other_name = Zarange
| settlement_type = <!--For Town or Village (Leave blank for the default City)-->
<!-- 画像と地図 ----------->
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| image_map =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = Afghanistanアフガニスタン <!-- the name of a ___location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map -->
| pushpin_relief = yes
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
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| coordinates = {{coord|30|57|36|N|61|51|36|E|region:AF|display=inline,title}}
<!-- 位置 ------------------>
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Afghanistan}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Afghanistan|Province]]
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| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 49,851
| population_as_of = 20152024
| population_density_km2 =
| population_urban = 160,902<ref>{{cite web|title=The State of Afghan Cities report 2015 |url=http://unhabitat.org/books/soac2015/ |ref=UN-Habitat |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151031111515/http://unhabitat.org/books/soac2015/ |archive-date=2015-10-31 }}</ref>
<!-- General information --------------->
| timezone = [[UTC+4:30]]
| utc_offset =
| timezone_DST =
| utc_offset_DST =
<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->
| postal_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->
| postal_code =
| area_code =
| website =
}}
'''ザランジュ''' ([[ペルシア語]]/[[パシュトー語]]/{{lang-bal|زرنج}}、[[ラテン文字化|ラテン文字転写]]: Zaranj)は[[アフガニスタン]]南西部に位置する同国の[[アフガニスタンの都市の一覧|都市]]である。[[ニームルーズ州]]の州都で、人口は{{As of|2024}}49,851人<ref>{{Cite web |title=Population of Zaranj in 2024 - statistics |url=https://all-populations.com/en/af/population-of-zaranj.html |website=all-populations.com |access-date=2024-03-28 |publisher= |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=GeoNames.org |url=https://www.geonames.org/1120985/zaranj.html |website=www.geonames.org |access-date=2024-03-28 |language=en |url-status=live}}</ref>。アフガニスタン国内を一周する環状の高速道路で[[ラシュカルガー]]、[[カンダハール]]、ファーラー、[[ザーボル]]と結ばれている。
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=== Taliban capture ===
{{Main|ザランジュ陥落}}
On 2021年8月6 August 2021, it was confirmed by local sources that the city had been captured by the [[Talibanターリバーン]], making it the first provincial capital captured by the [[Taliban]] during their によってザランジュが接収され、2021年の[[2021 Taliban offensive年ターリバーン攻勢|advances攻撃]] after the [[Withdrawal of United States troops from Afghanistan (2020–2021)|withdrawal]] of foreign forces in [[Afghanistan]].でターリバーンに攻略された最初の州都となった<ref>{{Cite web|title=Taliban capture regional capital - Afghan officials|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/amp/world-asia-58119886|access-date=2021-08-06|website=BBC News|date=6 August 2021}}</ref> Afghan officials stated the Taliban faced "little resistance" in capturing the city with the [[Afghan National Army#Corps and other major commands。アフガニスタン政府は{{仮リンク|ラシュカルガーの戦い|en|215th Corps of the Afghan National Army]] focusing instead on the [[Battle of Lashkargah]].}}に専念していたため、ターリバーンはザランジュの抵抗はほとんど無かったと述べている<ref name=NYTimes>{{cite web|title=Taliban Capture Afghan Provincial Capital in a Symbolic Victory|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/06/world/asia/taliban-afghanistan-capital-zaranj.html|author1=Nossiter, Adam|author2=Taimoor Shah|author3=Fahim Abed|website=[[The New York Times]]|date=August 6, 2021|access-date=August 6, 2021}}</ref> Shortly after entering the city, the Taliban broke into the city's prison, releasing a large number of prisoners into Zaranj.。ザランジュを占拠すると程なくして、ターリバーンは刑務所を破壊し多数の囚人を解放した<ref name=NYTimes />
 
2022年3月8日ニューヨーク・タイムズは、ターリバーンの厳しい経済状況を脱するために、イランへの密入国を求める数十万人のアフガン人の手助けを行う業者が蔓延っていると報じた。ザランジュのほぼ全ての住人が、一方的に巻き込まれたり、積極的に密入国のビジネスに関わっている、とも報告されている<ref>"A boom for Afghan smugglers", [[New York Times]], 2022年3月8日, [https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/08/briefing/biden-russia-oil-south-korea-election.html] (記事の3つ目の見出し)</ref>。
On March 8, 2022, the [[New York Times]] reported a boom in the business of smugglers helping - for payment - the escape of hundreds of thousands of Afghans seeking to cross into Iran, to escape the Taliban rule and/or the harsh economic conditions. According to the report, "nearly everyone in Zaranj is involved, in one way or another, in the smuggling business".<ref>"A boom for Afghan smugglers", [[New York Times]], March 8, 2022, [https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/08/briefing/biden-russia-oil-south-korea-election.html] (third item on this link)</ref> As described in the paper, "Zaranj is lively. Newcomers buy [[kebab]]s from street vendors, peruse shops and sit around plastic tables, eager to learn more about the grueling journey ahead".
 
== 候 ==
Zaranj has a ザランジュは降水量が極端に少なく、寒暖差が激しい[[hot desert climate砂漠気候|熱帯砂漠気候]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''BWh'') with very hot summers and cool winters. Precipitation is very low, and mostly falls in winter. Temperatures in summer may approach {{convert|50|°C|°F}}.[[Snowfall]] in [[Zaranj]] is a rare event. On である。夏季の気温は50℃にも達し、降雪は稀であるが、2016年11月27 Nov 2016, it snowed in this city.日に確認されている<ref>{{Cite news |last=رامین |date=2016-11-27 |title=دهاقین، بارش برف در ولایت نیمروز را نوید خوب برای زراعت می دانند |url=https://pajhwok.com/fa/2016/11/27/%d8%af%d9%87%d8%a7%d9%82%db%8c%d9%86%d8%8c-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%b4-%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%81-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%88%d9%84%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa-%d9%86%db%8c%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b2-%d8%b1%d8%a7-%d9%86%d9%88%db%8c/ |access-date=2024-03-07 |language=fa-IR}}</ref>
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|access-date = December 26, 2012}}</ref>
}}
 
== Demographics ==
{{Further|:en:Demographics of Afghanistan}}
According to the [[Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and Development]] (MRRD) along with [[UNHCR]] and Central Statistics Office (CSO) of Afghanistan, the population of Zaranj was around 49,851 in 2004. The ethnic groups are as follows: [[Baloch people|Baloch]] 44%, [[Pashtun people|Pashtun]] 34% and [[Tajik people|Tajik]] 22%.<ref name="mrrd-zaranj">{{cite web |url=http://www.mrrd-nabdp.org/attachments/article/141/Nimroz_Zaranj_Summary_Finalized.pdf |title=Zaranj |publisher=[[Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and Development]] |date=April 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306022449/http://mrrd-nabdp.org/attachments/article/141/nimroz_zaranj_summary_finalized.pdf |access-date=2011-01-21 |archive-date=6 March 2016}}</ref>
 
The city of Zaranj has a population of 160,902 people.<ref name="auto">{{cite web |title=The State of Afghan Cities Report 2015 |url=http://unhabitat.org/books/soac2015_volume2/ |access-date=20 October 2015 |ref=UN-Habitat}}</ref>
 
There are 17,878 residential dwellings in Zarat and 1,759 hectares of agricultural land.<ref name="auto"/> Commercial land use is clustered on the main road to Iran.
 
== 著名人 ==
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{{Further|アフガニスタンの交通}}
The '''Delaram–Zaranj Highway''', also known as [[Route 606 (Afghanistan)|Route 606]], is a 217-km or 135-mile-long [[Single carriageway|two-lane road]] built by [[India]] in [[Afghanistan]], connecting [[Delaram]] in [[Farah Province]] with Zaranj in neighbouring [[Nimruz Province]] near the [[Iran]]ian border.<ref name=hindu-handover>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/01/23/stories/2009012355311200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090203072429/http://hindu.com/2009/01/23/stories/2009012355311200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2009-02-03|title=India hands over strategic highway to Afghanistan|date=2009-01-23|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=2011-08-10}}</ref> It connects the Afghan–Iranian border with the [[Kandahar–Herat Highway]] in Delaram, which provides connectivity to other major Afghan cities via [[Highway 1 (Afghanistan)|A01]], including to India's planned mining operation in [[Hajigak mining concession]]. Route 606 reduces travel time between Delaram and Zaranj from the earlier 12–14 hours to just 2 hours. [[India]]-[[Iran]] signed an agreement in May 2016 to connect it to [[Port of Chabahar]] with rail and road links.
 
== 参照 ==
*[[List of cities in Afghanistan]]
*[[Islam Qala]]
*[[Drangiana]]
 
== 脚注 ==
{{Reflist}}
 
==Bibliography参考文献==
*Bosworth, C. E., "Sistān ii. In the Islamic period," in [http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/sistan-ii-islamic-period ''Encyclopaedia Iranica''] (2011).
*Gnoli, G., "Dahan-e Ḡolāmān," in [http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/dahan-e-golaman-or-according-to-walther-hinz-p ''Encyclopaedia Iranica''], vol. 6 (1993), 582–585.
*{{Lands of the Eastern Caliphate}}
*Schmitt, R., "Drangiana," in [http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/drangiana ''Encyclopaedia Iranica''], vol. 7 (1995) 534–537.
 
== 外部リンク ==
* {{YouTube|-2w_V9bigSw|Driving through the streets of Zaranj}} (May 10, 2022年5月10日)
{{Commons category|Zaranj}}
*[http://www.marines.mil/unit/iimef/iimef-fwd/Pages/ZaranjshowspromiseforfutureofNimrozprovince.aspx Zaranj shows promise for future of Nimroz province] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120921181843/http://www.marines.mil/unit/iimef/iimef-fwd/Pages/ZaranjshowspromiseforfutureofNimrozprovince.aspx |date=21 September 2012年9月21日 }}
* {{YouTube|-2w_V9bigSw|Driving through the streets of Zaranj}} (May 10, 2022)
*[http://www.marines.mil/unit/iimef/iimef-fwd/Pages/ZaranjshowspromiseforfutureofNimrozprovince.aspx Zaranj shows promise for future of Nimroz province] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120921181843/http://www.marines.mil/unit/iimef/iimef-fwd/Pages/ZaranjshowspromiseforfutureofNimrozprovince.aspx |date=21 September 2012 }}
 
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