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{{About|the gem known as "Star of India"|other items of the same name|Star of India (disambiguation)}}

[[File:Star of India Gem.JPG|thumb|Star of India]]

'''インドの星'''は最大級の[[サファイア]]で、重さは563.35[[カラット]](112.67 g)<ref name=Museum>{{cite web |title=Star of India |url=http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/permanent-exhibitions/earth-and-planetary-sciences-halls/morgan-memorial-hall-of-gems/star-of-india |publisher=[[American Museum of Natural History]] |accessdate=23 October 2012}}</ref>{{efn|現在世界最大のサファイアは[[アダムの星]]の1,404.49カラット<ref name="bbc">{{cite web | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-35226276 | title=World's largest blue star sapphire 'found in Sri Lanka' | publisher=[[BBC]] | date=4 January 2016 | accessdate=5 January 2016 | author=Sivaramakrishnan, P.}}</ref>。}}。傷がほとんどなく、宝石の両面に[[スター効果]]が現れている。[[スリランカ]]で発掘され<ref name=Preston>{{cite book |first=Douglas J. |last=Preston |title=Dinosaurs in the Attic: An Excursion into the American Museum of Natural History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ogqjAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA211 |year=2014 |publisher=[[St. Martin's Press]] |isbn=978-1-4668-7187-8 |pages=210–220}}</ref>、現在は[[ニューヨーク]]の[[アメリカ自然史博物館]]に保管されている。

The '''Star of India''' is a 563.35-[[Carat (unit)|carat]] (112.67 g) star [[sapphire]], one of the largest such gems in the world.<ref name=Museum />{{efn|[[The Star of Adam]] is believed to be the largest star sapphire at 1,404.49 carats.<ref name="bbc" />}} It is almost flawless and is unusual in that it has stars on both sides of the stone. The greyish-blue gem was mined in [[Sri Lanka]]<ref name=Preston /> and is housed in the [[American Museum of Natural History]] in [[New York City]].

表面の乳白色はルチルによるもので、The milky quality of the stone is caused by the traces of the mineral [[rutile]], which is also responsible for the star effect, known as [[asterism (gemmology)|asterism]]. The tiny fibers of the mineral, aligned in a three-fold pattern within the gem, reflect incoming light into the star pattern.<ref name=Museum />

== History歴史 ==

Mineralogist and [[Tiffany & Co.|Tiffany]] gem expert [[George Frederick Kunz|George Kunz]] (1856–1932) was commissioned by wealthy financier [[J. P. Morgan]] (1837–1913) to acquire an impressive gem collection for an exhibit at the [[Paris Exposition of 1900]]; the Star of India was among the stones Kunz procured.<ref name=Wallace2000>{{cite book |first=Joseph |last=Wallace |title=A Gathering of Wonders |url=https://archive.org/details/gatheringofwonde00jose |url-access=registration |date=10 June 2000 |publisher=[[St. Martin's Press]] |isbn=978-0-312-27156-5 |pages=101; 104}}</ref> The Star of India is a huge blue star sapphire weighing 563.35 carats. It is cut en [[cabochon]]. A British Army officer brought it to London, where it was cut by Albert Ramsay around 1905. Morgan donated the Star of India along with the rest of the collection to the American Museum of Natural History. Apart from its Sri Lankan origin, the gem's history prior to its acquisition for this collection is unknown.<ref name=Preston /> Kunz wrote in 1913 that the Star of India "has a more or less indefinite historic record of some three centuries".<ref name=Kunz1913>{{cite book|first=George Frederick |last=Kunz |title=The Curious Lore of Precious Stones |url=https://archive.org/details/curiousloreprec00kunzgoog |year=1913 |publisher=J. B. Lippincott Company |page=[https://archive.org/details/curiousloreprec00kunzgoog/page/n159 107]}}</ref>

On October 29, 1964, the famous golf-ball-sized stone was stolen, along with several other gems of note, including the Midnight Star, the [[DeLong Star Ruby]], and the [[Eagle Diamond]].<ref name=Preston /> The thieves unlocked a bathroom window during museum open hours, climbed in that night, and found that the sapphire was the only gem in the collection protected by an alarm—and the battery for that was dead.<ref name=Sofianides>{{cite book |last=Sofianides |first=Anna S. |title=Gems and Crystals from the American Museum of Natural History |year=1990 |publisher=[[Simon and Schuster]] |isbn=0-671-68704-2 |author2=George E. Harlow }}</ref> The stones stolen were valued at more than $400,000. Within two days the culprits were arrested: [[Jack Roland Murphy]] (also known as "Murph the Surf"), Allan Kuhn and Roger Clark; however, the gems had already been handed off.<ref name=Preston /> In January 1965, in a bid for leniency, Kuhn led authorities to a bus locker in Miami where the uninsured Star of India and some of the other stolen stones were recovered.<ref name=Sosin>{{cite news |last=Sosin |first=Milt |title=Star of India Found in Miami Bus Depot |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ebQzAAAAIBAJ&sjid=auoFAAAAIBAJ&pg=2470,2260128&hl=en |accessdate=24 October 2012 |newspaper=[[The Miami News]] |date=January 8, 1965}}</ref>

==See also参照==

* [[List of individual gemstones]]

* [[List of sapphires by size]]

== Notes注釈 ==

{{notelist}}

== References脚注 ==

{{reflist|refs=}}

{{Commons category|Star of India (gem)}}

{{reflist|refs=

<ref name=Museum>{{cite web |title=Star of India |url=http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/permanent-exhibitions/earth-and-planetary-sciences-halls/morgan-memorial-hall-of-gems/star-of-india |publisher=[[American Museum of Natural History]] |accessdate=23 October 2012}}</ref>

<ref name=Preston>{{cite book |first=Douglas J. |last=Preston |title=Dinosaurs in the Attic: An Excursion into the American Museum of Natural History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ogqjAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA211 |year=2014 |publisher=[[St. Martin's Press]] |isbn=978-1-4668-7187-8 |pages=210–220}}</ref>

<ref name=Sofianides>{{cite book |last=Sofianides |first=Anna S. |title=Gems and Crystals from the American Museum of Natural History |year=1990 |publisher=[[Simon and Schuster]] |isbn=0-671-68704-2 |author2=George E. Harlow }}</ref>

<ref name=Sosin>{{cite news |last=Sosin |first=Milt |title=Star of India Found in Miami Bus Depot |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ebQzAAAAIBAJ&sjid=auoFAAAAIBAJ&pg=2470,2260128&hl=en |accessdate=24 October 2012 |newspaper=[[The Miami News]] |date=January 8, 1965}}</ref>

<ref name=Kunz1913>{{cite book|first=George Frederick |last=Kunz |title=The Curious Lore of Precious Stones |url=https://archive.org/details/curiousloreprec00kunzgoog |year=1913 |publisher=J. B. Lippincott Company |page=[https://archive.org/details/curiousloreprec00kunzgoog/page/n159 107]}}</ref>

<ref name=Wallace2000>{{cite book |first=Joseph |last=Wallace |title=A Gathering of Wonders |url=https://archive.org/details/gatheringofwonde00jose |url-access=registration |date=10 June 2000 |publisher=[[St. Martin's Press]] |isbn=978-0-312-27156-5 |pages=101; 104}}</ref>

<ref name="bbc">{{cite web | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-35226276 | title=World's largest blue star sapphire 'found in Sri Lanka' | publisher=[[BBC]] | date=4 January 2016 | accessdate=5 January 2016 | author=Sivaramakrishnan, P.}}</ref>

}}

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