Intense pulsed light: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 19:57, 9 December 2020

Revision as of 20:00, 6 January 2021

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==Description==

''Intense pulsed light'' is the use of intense [[Pulse (physics)|pulses]] of non-[[coherent light]] over a range of [[wavelength]]s from 500&nbsp;nm to 1200&nbsp;nm.<ref name=IPLS>{{cite web|title=Intense Pulsed Light Systems|url=http://www.palomarmedical.com/uploaddocs/intense-pulsed-light-systems.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101127221735/http://palomarmedical.com/uploadDocs/Intense-Pulsed-Light-Systems.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 November 2010|publisher=HMP Communications|accessdateaccess-date=2 August 2012}}</ref> [[Xenon]] flashlamps produce high output bursts of broad spectrum. Cooling is used to protect the skin in contact with the device.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lahiri|first=Koushik|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-HKJDAAAQBAJ&q=Xenon%20flash%20lamps%20produce%20high%20output%20bursts%20of%20broad%20spectrum.%20Cooling%20is%20used%20to%20protect%20the%20skin%20in%20contact%20with%20the%20device.&pg=PA54|title=Textbook of Lasers in Dermatology|date=2016-07-30|publisher=JP Medical Ltd|isbn=978-93-85999-62-8|language=en}}</ref>

Regulations governing IPL vary by jurisdiction.<ref name="DOH">{{cite web|title=Laser Information |url=http://www.doh.state.fl.us/MQA/medical/me_laser.html |publisher=Florida Department of Health |accessdateaccess-date=2 August 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104061415/http://www.doh.state.fl.us/mqa/medical/me_laser.html |archive-date=November 4, 2012 }}</ref>{{Better source|date=March 2020}} A distinction is sometimes made{{By whom|date=March 2020}} between beauty-grade and medical-grade machines, mainly to get around regulations.

The first [[FDA Consumer|FDA]] approval of IPL was for [[telangiectasias]] in 1995. Use quickly spread to a variety of medical and cosmetic settings.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Goldberg|first=David J.|date=June 2012|title=Current Trends in Intense Pulsed Light|journal=The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology|volume=5|issue=6|pages=45–53|issn=1941-2789|pmc=3390232|pmid=22768357}}</ref> Treatment is generally safe and effective, but complications can occur, such as [[hyperpigmentation]].<ref>{{Cite journal|title = Current Trends in Intense Pulsed Light|date = Jun 2012|journal = Clin Aesthet Dermatol.}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> The [[polychromatic]] light can reach multiple [[chromophores]] in human skin: mainly [[hemoglobin]], water, and [[melanin]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Tseng|first1=Sheng-Hao|last2=Bargo|first2=Paulo|last3=Durkin|first3=Anthony|last4=Kollias|first4=Nikiforos|date=2009-08-17|title=Chromophore concentrations, absorption and scattering properties of human skin in-vivo|journal=Optics Express|volume=17|issue=17|pages=14599–14617|doi=10.1364/oe.17.014599|issn=1094-4087|pmc=2754563|pmid=19687939|bibcode=2009OExpr..1714599T}}</ref> This results in selective [[photothermolysis]] of [[blood vessels]], [[Pigmentation|pigmented cells]], or [[hair follicle]]s.{{Citation needed|date=March 2020}}

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It is important to note that these studies utilized a variety of IPL devices on patients with various hair types, skin types, and targeted skin areas. Thus the results are not directly comparable.

According to the FDA, permanent hair removal means the "long-term, stable reduction in the number of hairs regrowing after a treatment regime." In other words, the number of hairs regrowing must be consistently greater than the duration of the complete growth cycle of hair follicles, which varies from four to twelve months by body ___location.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fda.gov/radiation-emittingproducts/resourcesforyouradiationemittingproducts/ucm252761.htm#1 |title=Laser Facts |publisher=FDA |accessdateaccess-date=23 September 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140912203435/https://www.fda.gov/Radiation-EmittingProducts/ResourcesforYouRadiationEmittingProducts/ucm252761.htm |archive-date=September 12, 2014 }}</ref> IPL has been found to be much less effective than laser hair removal; however, many patients experience satisfaction with significant hair reduction.<ref name=":3" />

A 2006 article in the journal ''[[Lasers in Medical Science]]'' compared IPL and both alexandrite and diode lasers. The review found no statistical difference in effectiveness, but a higher incidence of side effects with diode laser treatment. Hair reduction after 6 months was reported as 68.75% for alexandrite lasers, 71.71% for diode lasers, and 66.96% for IPL. Side effects were reported as 9.5% for alexandrite lasers, 28.9% for diode lasers, and 15.3% for IPL. All side effects were found to be temporary and even pigmentation changes returned to normal within 6 months.<ref>{{cite journal|last1 = Toosi|first1 = Parviz|title = A comparison study of the efficacy and side effects of different light sources in hair removal|journal = Lasers in Medical Science|date = April 2006|volume = 21|issue = 1|pages = 1–4|doi = 10.1007/s10103-006-0373-2|pmid = 16583183|last2 = Sadighha|first2 = Afshin|last3 = Sharifian|first3 = Ali|last4 = Razavi|first4 = Gita Meshkat|s2cid = 10093379}}</ref>

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==Medical use==

{{Expand section|date=June 2012}}

IPL was first developed for vascular conditions. It is at least as effective as pulsed dye lasers and can penetrate deeper with reduced risk of purpura and hyperpigmentation. IPL can also be used for the treatment of dry eye conditions such as meibomian gland dysfunction.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aao.org/publications/eyenet/201207/upload/july-2012-clinical-update-cornea.pdf |title=Managing Blepharitis:Tried-and-True and New Approaches |author=Annie Stuart |date=July 2012 |publisher=EyeNet |accessdateaccess-date=February 22, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150305165437/http://www.aao.org/publications/eyenet/201207/upload/July-2012-Clinical-Update-Cornea.pdf |archive-date=March 5, 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aao.org/pdf/aaosub_cornea_2012_syllabus.pdf |title=Pushing Surgical Boundaries, Professional Development, and Popular Opinion |last1=Aldave |first1=Anthony J. |last2=Afshari |first2=Natalie |last3=Colby |first3=Kathryn |date=10 November 2012 |publisher=The American Academy of Ophthalmology |accessdateaccess-date=February 22, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130123230629/http://www.aao.org/pdf/AAOSub_Cornea_2012_Syllabus.pdf |archive-date=January 23, 2013 }}</ref> IPL can treat pigmented lesions with rapid recovery. Dyschromia can be cleared after repeated sessions. Photoaging treatment has been explored. A series of IPL can be used for facial rejuvenation, improving skin laxity and collagen production. IPL combined with facial injections can be used for dynamic rhytids. Home IPL devices have been developed.

BBL (Broadband Light), developed by US-based Sciton.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://sciton.com/about-sciton/|title=About Sciton {{!}} Sciton Aesthetic & Medical Lasers|work=Sciton Aesthetic & Medical Lasers|access-date=2018-05-24|language=en-US}}</ref> is an advanced version of the IPL technology in light therapy that is noted to have set a higher standard for treating skin conditions associated with ageing, pigmentation irregularities and the removal of hair follicles.