Bigelow Expandable Activity Module: Difference between revisions

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NASA noted in May 2017 that, after spending one year in space, the BEAM instrumentation had recorded "a few probable micrometeoroid debris impacts" but that the module's protective layers had resisted penetration. Early results from monitors inside the module have shown that [[galactic cosmic radiation]] levels are comparable to those in the rest of the space station. Further testing will try to characterize whether the inflatable structure is any more resilient to radiation than traditional metal modules.<ref name="nasa20170526"/><ref name="arstech20170528"/>

In October 2017, it was announced that the module would stay attached to the ISS until 2020, with options for two further one-year extensions. The module will be used to store up to 130 cargo transfer bags to make available space aboard the station.<ref name="arstech20171003"/> The ISS crew began work in November 2017 to prepare BEAM for use as storage space.<ref name="nasa20171121">{{cite web |url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/spacestation/2017/11/21/beam-work-and-vision-checks-for-crew-today/ |title=BEAM Work and Vision Checks for Crew Today |publisher=NASA |first=Mark |last=Garcia |date=November 21, 2017 |accessdateaccess-date=January 29, 2018}}</ref>

In July 2019, an engineering assessment certified BEAM's ability to remain attached to the station until 2028, as it has exceeded performance expectations and become a core cargo storage module on the volume-constrained station. A contract extension will be required to allow BEAM to serve its extended operational lifetime.<ref name="sn20190812"/>

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==References==

{{Reflist|2|refs=

<ref name="nasasf20160409">{{cite news |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2016/04/iss-crs-8-dragon-arrival-flawless-launch/ |title=ISS welcomes CRS-8 Dragon after flawless launch |work=NASA Spaceflight |first=Chris |last=Gebhardt |date=April 9, 2016 |accessdateaccess-date=April 26, 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="ISS tweet 20160416">{{cite tweet |user=Space_Station |authorlink=NASA |number=721272997537918976 |title=#BEAM is attached to the station at 5:36am ET, a huge step for expandable habitats in space and our #JourneyToMars. |date=April 16, 2016 |accessdateaccess-date=April 27, 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="nasa-overview">{{cite web |url=https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/spacex_crs-8_mission_overview.pdf |title=SpaceX CRS-8 Mission Overview |publisher=NASA |accessdateaccess-date=April 26, 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="verge20160405">{{cite news |url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/4/5/11355852/nasa-beam-spacex-iss-future-space-tourism |title=How expandable astronaut habitats could pave the way for private space hotels |work=[[The Verge]] |first=Loren |last=Grush |date=April 5, 2016 |accessdateaccess-date=April 26, 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="space20160410">{{cite news |url=http://www.space.com/32528-spacex-dragon-delivers-inflatable-room-space-station.html |title=SpaceX Dragon Arrives at Space Station, Delivers Inflatable Room Prototype |work=Space.com |last=Pearlman |first=Robert |date=April 10, 2016 |accessdateaccess-date=April 11, 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="nasa2000">{{cite web |url=http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?c106:H.R.1654.ENR: |title=National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2000 |publisher=Library of Congress |agency=106th Congress |date=January 24, 2000 |accessdateaccess-date=May 26, 2007}}</ref>

<ref name="nasa2000conf">{{cite web |url=http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/cpquery/T?&report=hr843&dbname=106& |title=National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2000, Conference Report |publisher=Library of Congress |agency=106th Congress |first=F. James |last=Sensenbrenner |date=September 12, 2000 |accessdateaccess-date=June 10, 2007}}</ref>

<ref name="spaceref2261">{{cite web |url=http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewsr.html?pid=2261 |title=Letter from NASA JSC Center Director: Actions Required to Address ISS Budget Challenges |publisher=NASA via SpaceRef.com |first=George W. S. |last=Abbey |date=February 27, 2001 |accessdateaccess-date=June 10, 2007}}</ref>

<ref name="Seedhouse2014-8">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9qigBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA8 |title=Bigelow Aerospace: Colonizing Space One Module at a Time |publisher=Springer-Praxis |first=Erik |last=Seedhouse |page=8 |date=2014 |isbn=978-3-319-05197-0 |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-05197-0}}</ref>

<ref name="space20060712">{{cite news |url=http://www.space.com/2618-exclusive-bigelow-orbital-module-launched-space.html |title=Exclusive: Bigelow Orbital Module Launched into Space |work=Space.com |first=Leonard |last=David |date=July 12, 2006 |accessdateaccess-date=April 26, 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="nature20070705">{{cite news |url=http://www.nature.com/news/2007/070705/full/news070702-13.html |title=Second space 'hotel' model launched |work=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |first=Heidi |last=Ledford |date=July 5, 2007 |accessdateaccess-date=April 26, 2016 |doi=10.1038/news070702-13}}</ref>

<ref name="ns20100303">{{cite news |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn18607-nasa-turned-on-by-blowup-space-stations.html |title=NASA turned on by blow-up space stations |work=[[New Scientist]] |first=Paul |last=Marks |date=March 3, 2010 |accessdateaccess-date=March 3, 2010 |archiveurlarchive-url=https://archive.today/20190307065208/https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn18607-nasa-turned-on-by-blow-up-space-stations/ |archivedatearchive-date=March 7, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="Sang2010">{{cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/458816main_FTD_InflatableModuleMission.pdf |title=A New Space Enterprise of Exploration: Inflatable Module Mission |publisher=NASA |first1=Tony |last1=Sang |first2=Gary |last2=Spexarth |date=May 26, 2010 |archiveurlarchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190307065420/https://www.nasa.gov/pdf/458816main_FTD_InflatableModuleMission.pdf |archivedatearchive-date=March 7, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="hobbyspace-nautilusX">{{cite web |url=http://hobbyspace.com/nucleus/?itemid=26786 |title=NASA NAUTILUS-X: multi-mission exploration vehicle includes centrifuge, which would be tested at ISS |work=HobbySpace.com |first=Clark S. |last=Lindsey |date=January 28, 2011 |archiveurlarchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110419194320/http://hobbyspace.com/nucleus/?itemid=26786 |archivedatearchive-date=April 19, 2011}}</ref>

<ref name="sdc20110126">{{cite news |url=http://www.space.com/10686-nasa-bigelow-module-international-space-station.html |title=International Space Station Could Get Private Inflatable Room |work=Space.com |first=Leonard |last=David |date=January 26, 2011 |accessdateaccess-date=January 31, 2011 |archiveurlarchive-url=https://archive.today/20120910234132/http://www.space.com/10686-nasa-bigelow-module-international-space-station.html |archivedatearchive-date=September 10, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="spaceref20130111">{{cite web |url=http://spaceref.com/news/viewsr.html?pid=43106 |title=NASA Contract to Bigelow Aerospace |publisher=NASA via SpaceRef.com |date=January 11, 2013 |archiveurlarchive-url=https://archive.today/20130216192953/http://spaceref.com/news/viewsr.html?pid=43106 |archivedatearchive-date=February 16, 2013 |url-status=live |access-date=January 18, 2013 }}</ref>

<ref name="NASAannouncement">{{cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/news/beam_feature.html |title=NASA to Test Bigelow Expandable Module on Space Station |publisher=NASA |date=January 16, 2013 |archiveurlarchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120153333/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/news/beam_feature.html |archivedatearchive-date=January 20, 2013 |url-status=live |access-date=January 18, 2013 }}</ref>

<ref name="sn20130612">{{cite news |url=https://spacenews.com/35757sierra-nevada-corp-to-build-iss-berthing-hardware-for-bigelow-module/ |title=Sierra Nevada Corp. To Build ISS Berthing Hardware for Bigelow Module |work=[[SpaceNews]] |first=Dan |last=Leone |date=June 12, 2013 |accessdateaccess-date=August 14, 2019}}</ref>

<ref name="sn20190812">{{cite news |url=https://spacenews.com/nasa-planning-to-keep-beam-module-on-iss-for-the-long-haul/ |title=NASA planning to keep BEAM module on ISS for the long haul |work=[[SpaceNews]] |first=Jeff |last=Foust |date=August 12, 2019 |accessdateaccess-date=August 14, 2019}}</ref>

<ref name="BEAMPress20150312">{{cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/content/new-expandable-addition-on-space-station-to-gather-critical-data-for-future-space-habitat/ |title=New Expandable Addition on Space Station to Gather Critical Data for Future Space Habitat Systems |publisher=NASA |first=Carlyle |last=Webb |date=March 12, 2015}}</ref>

<ref name="nasasf20150907">{{cite news |url=http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2015/09/spacex-conducts-falcon-9-improvements-busy-schedule/ |title=SpaceX conducts additional Falcon 9 improvements ahead of busy schedule |work=NASA Spaceflight |first=Chris |last=Bergin |date=September 7, 2015 |accessdateaccess-date=April 26, 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="launchlog">{{cite web |url=http://spaceflightnow.com/tracking/launchlog.html |title=Launch Log |work=Spaceflight Now |date=April 8, 2016 |archiveurlarchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160422101717/http://spaceflightnow.com/tracking/launchlog.html |archivedatearchive-date=April 22, 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="nasasf20160408">{{cite news |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2016/04/spacex-dragon-rtf-falcon9-launch/ |title=SpaceX return Dragon to space as Falcon 9 nails ASDS landing |work=NASA Spaceflight |first=William |last=Graham |date=April 8, 2016 |accessdateaccess-date=April 26, 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="unitoday20160411">{{cite news |url=http://www.universetoday.com/128332/spacex-dragon-carrying-new-room-captured-and-mated-to-space-station/ |title=SpaceX Dragon Carrying New Inflatable Room Captured and Mated to Space Station |work=Universe Today |first=Ken |last=Kremer |date=April 11, 2016 |accessdateaccess-date=April 26, 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="sfnow20160416">{{cite news |url=http://spaceflightnow.com/2016/04/16/watch-live-expandable-room-to-be-installed-on-space-station-saturday/ |title=Expandable room installed on space station |work=Spaceflight Now |first=Stephen |last=Clark |date=April 16, 2016 |accessdateaccess-date=April 26, 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="space20160527">{{cite news |url=http://www.space.com/33017-nasa-inflating-beam-space-module-saturday.html |title=NASA Will Try to Pump Up Inflatable Space Station Room Again Saturday |work=Space.com |first=Mike |last=Wall |date=May 27, 2016 |accessdateaccess-date=May 31, 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="verge20160527">{{cite news |url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/5/27/11792446/nasa-beam-expansion-failed-unexpected-forces-bigelow |title=NASA's first expandable habitat failed to inflate on the ISS because of friction |work=The Verge |first=Arielle |last=Duhaime-Ross |date=May 27, 2016 |accessdateaccess-date=June 2, 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="nasa20160528">{{cite news |url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/spacestation/2016/05/28/beam-expanded-to-full-size/ |title=BEAM Expanded To Full Size |publisher=NASA |first=Mark |last=Garcia |date=May 28, 2016 |accessdateaccess-date=June 3, 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="spacepol20160528">{{cite news |url=http://www.spacepolicyonline.com/news/beam-successfully-expanded |title=BEAM Successfully Expanded |work=SpacePolicyOnline.com |first=Marcia S. |last=Smith |date=May 28, 2016 |accessdateaccess-date=June 3, 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="spacenews20160528">{{cite news |url=https://spacenews.com/beam-module-fully-expanded-on-space-station/ |title=BEAM module fully expanded on space station |work=[[SpaceNews]] |first=Jeff |last=Foust |date=May 28, 2016 |accessdateaccess-date=June 3, 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="nasa20160606">{{Cite web |url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/spacestation/2016/06/06/beam-open-for-the-first-time/ |title=BEAM Open for the First Time |publisher=NASA |first=Daniel G. |last=Huot |date=June 6, 2016 |access-date=June 19, 2016}}</ref>

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<ref name="nasa20160608">{{cite web |url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/spacestation/2016/06/08/beam-closed-as-crew-packs-spaceships-for-departure/ |title=BEAM Closed as Crew Packs Spaceships for Departure |publisher=NASA |first=Mark |last=Garcia |date=June 8, 2016 |access-date=October 1, 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="nasa20160929">{{cite web |url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/spacestation/2016/09/29/beam-open-today-for-tests/ |title=BEAM Open Today for Tests |publisher=NASA |first=Mark |last=Garcia |date=September 29, 2016 |accessdateaccess-date=October 1, 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="nasa20170526">{{cite web |url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/first-year-of-beam-demo-offers-valuable-data-on-expandable-habitats |title=First Year of BEAM Demo Offers Valuable Data on Expandable Habitats |editor-first=Erin |editor-last=Mahoney |publisher=NASA |date=May 26, 2017 |accessdateaccess-date=June 20, 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="arstech20170528">{{cite news |url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2017/05/the-future-nasa-uses-3d-printing-to-test-its-new-expandable-habitat/ |title=Inflatable space habitat passes first hurdle, now on to radiation testing |work=Ars Technica |first=Eric |last=Berger |date=May 28, 2017 |accessdateaccess-date=June 20, 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="arstech20171003">{{cite news |url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2017/10/nasa-tries-an-inflatable-room-on-the-space-station-likes-it/ |title=NASA tries an inflatable room on the space station, likes it |work=Ars Technica |first=Eric |last=Berger |date=October 3, 2017 |accessdateaccess-date=October 4, 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="characteristics">{{cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/1804.html |title=Bigelow Expandable Activity Module (BEAM) |work=Bigelow Aerospace |publisher=NASA |date=March 16, 2016 |accessdateaccess-date=April 3, 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="nasa-beammain">{{cite web |url=https://www.nasa.gov/content/bigelow-expandable-activity-module |title=Bigelow Expandable Activity Module |publisher=NASA |accessdateaccess-date=March 28, 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="bigelow-beam">{{cite web |url=http://bigelowaerospace.com/beam/ |title=BEAM: The Experimental Platform |publisher=Bigelow Aerospace |accessdateaccess-date=April 26, 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="ns20130116">{{cite news |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn23083-nasa-buys-blowup-habitat-for-space-station-astronauts.html |title=NASA buys blow-up habitat for space station astronauts |work=[[New Scientist]] |first=Paul |last=Marks |date=January 16, 2013 |archiveurlarchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412235915/https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn23083-nasa-buys-blow-up-habitat-for-space-station-astronauts/ |archivedatearchive-date=April 12, 2016 |url-status=live |access-date=August 24, 2017 }}</ref>

<ref name="FAQ NASA">{{cite web |url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/beam-facts-figures-faqs |title=BEAM Facts, Figures, FAQs |publisher=NASA |first=Erin |last=Mahoney |date=July 17, 2015 |accessdateaccess-date=April 3, 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="airspace201509">{{cite news |url=http://www.airspacemag.com/space/future-construction-space-180956237/ |title=The Future of Construction in Space |work=[[Air & Space/Smithsonian]] |first=Bruce |last=Lieberman |date=September 2015 |accessdateaccess-date=April 27, 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="engadget20160325">{{cite news |url=https://www.engadget.com/2016/03/25/nasa-bigelow-expandable-activity-module/ |title=NASA to use the ISS as a testbed for inflatable living modules |work=Engadget |first=Timothy J. |last=Seppala |date=March 25, 2016 |accessdateaccess-date=April 26, 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="lvrj20130116">{{cite news |url=http://www.lvrj.com/business/north-las-vegas-based-bigelow-areospace-lands-17-8-million-nasa-contract-187174211.html |title=North Las Vegas-based Bigelow Aerospace lands $17.8 million NASA contract |work=[[Las Vegas Review-Journal]] |first=Jennifer |last=Robison |date=January 16, 2013 |archiveurlarchive-url=https://archive.today/20130216101826/http://www.lvrj.com/business/north-las-vegas-based-bigelow-areospace-lands-17-8-million-nasa-contract-187174211.html |archivedatearchive-date=February 16, 2013 |url-status=live |access-date=January 19, 2013 }}</ref>

<ref name="wapo20130116">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/international-space-station-to-receive-inflatable-module/2013/01/16/8a102712-5ffc-11e2-9940-6fc488f3fecd_story.html |title=International space station to receive inflatable module |work=[[The Washington Post]] |first=Brian |last=Vastag |date=January 16, 2013 |archiveurlarchive-url=https://archive.today/20130217004226/http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/international-space-station-to-receive-inflatable-module/2013/01/16/8a102712-5ffc-11e2-9940-6fc488f3fecd_story.html |archivedatearchive-date=February 17, 2013 |url-status=live |access-date=August 24, 2017 }}</ref>

<ref name="ap20130117">{{cite news |url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/space-station-get-18-million-balloon-room-0 |title=Space station to get $18 million balloon-like room |agency=Associated Press |first=Hannah |last=Dreier |date=January 17, 2013 |archiveurlarchive-url=https://archive.today/20130414004028/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/space-station-get-18-million-balloon-room-0 |archivedatearchive-date=April 14, 2013 |url-status=live |access-date=January 19, 2013 }}</ref>

<ref name="US 7204460 B2">{{cite patent |url=http://www.google.com/patents/US7204460 |title=Orbital debris shield |inventor=Bigelow, Robert T. |country=US |number=US 7204460 B2 |status=patent |pubdate=2007-04-17 |gdate=2007-04-17 |fdate=2004-06-24 |pridate=2004-06-24}}.</ref>

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<ref name="Seedhouse2014-26">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9qigBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA26 |title=Bigelow Aerospace: Colonizing Space One Module at a Time |publisher=Springer-Praxis |first=Erik |last=Seedhouse |page=26 |date=2014 |isbn=978-3-319-05197-0 |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-05197-0 |quote=A middle layer was a closed-cell vinyl foam for radiation protection and thermal insulation.}}</ref>

<ref name="nasa-radiation">{{cite web |url=http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/spacenews/factsheets/pdfs/radiation.pdf |title=Understanding Space Radiation |series=NASA Facts |publisher=NASA Johnson Space Center |date=October 2002 |accessdateaccess-date=April 3, 2016 |id=FS-2002-10-080-JSC}}</ref>

<ref name="newsci20021115">{{cite news |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn3050-lightweight-radiation-proof-fabric-unveiled/ |title=Lightweight radiation-proof fabric unveiled |work=[[New Scientist]] |first=Marina |last=Murphy |date=November 15, 2002 |accessdateaccess-date=April 26, 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="tpm20130117">{{cite news |url=http://idealab.talkingpointsmemo.com/2013/01/inflatable-spacecrafts-other-goal-space-walks-for-tourists.php |title=Inflatable Spacecraft's Other Goal: Space Walks For Tourists |work=[[Talking Points Memo]] |first=Carl |last=Franzen |date=January 17, 2013 |archiveurlarchive-url=https://archive.today/20130216212601/http://idealab.talkingpointsmemo.com/2013/01/inflatable-spacecrafts-other-goal-space-walks-for-tourists.php |archivedatearchive-date=February 16, 2013 |url-status=dead |access-date=January 19, 2013 }}</ref>

}}