October 1

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Events

331 BC - Greek Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela.
959 - Edgar the Peaceable becomes king of all England.
965 - John XIII becomes Pope.
1189 - Gerard de Ridefort, grandmaster of the Templars since 1184 is killed in the Siege of Acre.
1787 - Russians under Suvorov defeat the Turks at Kinburn.
1788 - Nguyen Hue declares himself emperor of Vietnam.
1791 - First session of the French Legislative Assembly.
1795 - Belgium is conquered by France.
1800 - Spain cedes Louisiana to France via the Treaty of San Ildefonso.
1811 - The first steamboat to sail the Mississippi River arrives in New Orléans, Louisiana.
1814 - Opening of the Congress of Vienna, intended to redraw the Europe's political map after the defeat of Napoléon the previous spring.
1827 - The Russian army under Ivan Paskevich storms Yerevan, ending a millennium of Muslim domination in Armenia.
1829 - South African College is founded in Cape Town, South Africa; later to separate into the University of Cape Town and the South African College Schools.
1843 - News of the World began publication in London.
1847 - German inventor and industrialist Werner von Siemens founds Siemens AG & Halske.
1854 - The watch company founded in 1850 in Roxbury by Aaron Lufkin Dennison relocates to Waltham, Massachusetts, to become the Waltham Watch Company, a pioneer in the American System of Watch Manufacturing.
1869 - Austria issues the world's first postcards.
1880 - John Philip Sousa becomes leader of the United States Marine Corps Band.
1880 - First electric lamp factory opened by Thomas Edison.
1885 - United States begins special-delivery mail service.
1886 - The U.S. mint in Carson City, Nevada, closes.
1887 - Balochistan conquered by the British Empire.
1890 - The Yosemite National Park is established by the U.S. Congress.
1891 - In the U.S. state of California, Stanford University opens its doors.
1894 - First meeting of The Owl Club of Cape Town.
1898 - Czar Nikolay II expels Jews from major Russian cities.
1898 - The Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration is founded under the name k.u.k. Exportakademie.
1903 - Baseball: The Boston Americans play the Pittsburgh Pirates in the first game of the modern World Series.
1905 - František Pavlík is killed in a demonstration in Prague, inspiring Leoš Janáček to the piano composition 1. X. 1905.
1908 - Ford introduces the Model T car.
1910 - A large bomb destroys the Los Angeles Times building in downtown Los Angeles, California, killing 21.
1918 - World War I: Arab forces under T. E. Lawrence (a/k/a "Lawrence of Arabia") capture Damascus.
1920 - Sir Percy Cox landed in Basra to assume his responsibilities as high commissioner in Iraq.
1926 - An oil field accident cost aviator Wiley Post his left eye, but he used the settlement money to buy his first aircraft.
1928 - The Soviet Union introduces its First Five-Year Plan.
1931 - The George Washington Bridge linking New Jersey and New York opens.
1931 - The original Waldorf-Astoria Hotel is opened in New York.
1936 - Francisco Franco is named head of the Nationalist government of Spain.
1938 - Germany annexes the Sudetenland.
1939 - After a one-month Siege of Warsaw, hostile forces entered the city.
1940 - The Pennsylvania Turnpike, often considered the first superhighway in the United States, opens to traffic.
1942 - USS Grouper torpedoes Lisbon Maru not knowing she was carrying British PoWs from Hong Kong
1942 - First flight of the Bell XP-59 "Aircomet".
1943 - World War II: Naples falls to Allied soldiers.
1946 - Nazi leaders sentenced at Nuremberg Trials.
1949 - The People's Republic of China is declared by Mao Zedong.
1955 - First episode of The Honeymooners starring Jackie Gleason aired on CBS. The show lasted 39 episodes.
1957 - First appearance of "In God We Trust" on U.S. paper currency.
1958 - NASA created to replace NACA.
1960 - Nigeria gains independence from the United Kingdom.
1961 - East and West Cameroon merge as Federal Republic of Cameroon.
1961 - Baseball: Roger Maris sets new record for most home runs in a single season with 61, surpassing Babe Ruth's previous mark of 60.
1962 - Johnny Carson begins a 30-year run as the host of The Tonight Show starring Johnny Carson at NBC.
1963 - California State Board of Education created.
1964 - The Free Speech Movement is launched on the campus of University of California, Berkeley.
1964 - Japanese Shinkansen ("bullet trains") begin high-speed rail service from Tokyo to Osaka.
1965 - Apostasia, a political move in Greece designed by the former King of Greece Constantine II and executed by a group of politicians (led by the later PM of Greece Constantine Mitsotakis) who have betrayed and overthrown the Prime Minister George Papandreou in Greece in favour of the formerly King of Greece.
1965 - General Suharto crushes an attempted coup in Indonesia.
1968 - The Guyanese government takes over the British Guiana Broadcasting Service (BGBS).
1969 - The Concorde supersonic transport plane breaks the sound barrier for the first time.
1971 - Walt Disney World opens near Orlando, Florida, United States.
1975 - The Seychelles gain internal self-government. The Ellice Islands split from Gilbert Islands and take the name Tuvalu.
1975 - Thrilla in Manila: Muhammad Ali defeats Joe Frazier in a boxing match in Manila, Philippines.
1977 - Brazilian soccer star Pelé retires.
1978 - The Voltaic Revolutionary Communist Party is founded.
1979 - The United States returns sovereignty of the Panama canal to Panama.
1979 - Activision founded
1982 - Helmut Kohl replaces Helmut Schmidt as Chancellor of Germany through a Constructive Vote of No Confidence.
1982 - EPCOT Center opens at Walt Disney World in Florida, United States.
1982 - Sony launches the first consumer compact disc player (model CDP-101).
1983 - Horizons opens at EPCOT Center, Walt Disney World in Florida, United States.
1985 - The Israeli air force bombs PLO Headquarters in Tunis.
1987 - The Whittier Narrows earthquake shook the San Gabriel Valley, registering as a magnitude 5.9.
1988 - Mikhail Gorbachev is named head of the Supreme Soviet.
1992 - Cartoon Network debuts.
1993 - Polly Klaas is kidnapped by Richard Allen Davis during a slumber party at her Petaluma, California, home; Davis will be sentenced to death for murdering Klaas.
2004 - Baseball: Seattle Mariners outfielder Ichiro Suzuki makes his 258th hit of the season, breaking George Sisler's 84-year-old single-season record.
2005 - Bombing kills 23 people in Bali.
2006 - Age discrimination in employment is made illegal in the United Kingdom.
2006 - Per Westerberg is elected as the new spokesperson of the Swedish Riksdag.
2006 - Brisbane Broncos win their 6th National Rugby League premiership defeating Minor Premiers Melbourne Storm 15-8 at Telstra Stadium.
2006 - The final patent claim on the GIF file format, held by IBM, expires.

Births

1207 - King Henry III of England (d. 1272)
1471 - King Frederick I of Denmark (d. 1533)
1507 - Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola, Italian architect (d. 1573)
1540 - Johann Jakob Grynaeus, Swiss Protestant clergyman (d. 1617)
1577 - Fidelis of Sigmaringen, Swiss friar, martyr, and saint (d. 1622)
1620 - Nicolaes Pieterszoon Berchem, Dutch painter (d. 1683)
1644 - Alessandro Stradella, Italian composer (d. 1682)
1671 - Guido Grandi, Italian mathematician (d. 1742)
1685 - Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1740)
1691 - Arthur Onslow, English politician (d. 1768)
1730 - Richard Stockton, American attorney, signer of the Declaration of Independence (d. 1781)
1760 - William Thomas Beckford, English writer and politician (d. 1844)
1771 - Pierre Baillot, French violinist and composer (d. 1842)
1791 - Sergei Aksakov, Russian writer (d. 1859)
1835 - Ádám Politzer, Austrian physician (d. 1920)
1842 - Charles Cros, French poet and inventor (d. 1888)
1865 - Paul Dukas, French composer (d. 1935)
1881 - William Boeing, American engineer (d. 1956)
1885 - Louis Untermeyer, American author (d. 1977)
1878 - Othmar Spann, Austrian philosopher and economist (d. 1950)
1890 - Stanley Holloway, British actor (d. 1982)
1896 - Liaquat Ali Khan, first Prime Minister of Pakistan (d. 1951)
1896 - Ted Healy, American actor and comedian (d. 1937)
1899 - Ernest Haycox, American writer (d. 1950)
1900 - Tom Goddard, English cricketer (d. 1966)
1903 - Vladimir Horowitz, Ukrainian pianist (d. 1989)
1904 - Otto Robert Frisch, Austrian-born physicist (d. 1979)
1904 - A.K. Gopalan, Indian communist leader (d. 1977)
1909 - Maurice Bardèche, French fascist, (d. 1998)
1909 - Sam Yorty, Mayor of Los Angeles, California (d. 1998)
1910 - Bonnie Parker, American outlaw (d. 1934)
1910 - Fritz Köberle, Austrian-born physician (d. 1983)
1910 - José Enrique Moyal, Australian mathematical physicist (d. 1998)
1914 - Daniel J. Boorstin, American historian, writer, and Librarian of Congress (d. 2004)
1920 - Walter Matthau, American actor (d. 2000)
1921 - James Whitmore, American actor
1924 - James Earl Carter, Jr., 39th President of the United States, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
1924 - William Hubbs Rehnquist , 16th Chief Justice of the United States (d. 2005)
1925 - Bob Boyd, baseball player (d. 2004)
1926 - Roger Williams, American pianist
1927 - Tom Bosley, American actor
1928 - Laurence Harvey, Lithuanian-born actor (d. 1973)
1928 - George Peppard, American actor (d. 1994)
1930 - Naimatullah Khan, Pakistani politician
1930 - Sir Richard Harris, Irish actor (d. 2002)
1930 - Philippe Noiret, French actor (d. 2006)
1931 - Sylvano Bussotti, Italian composer
1932 - Albert Collins, American guitarist (d. 1993)
1935 - Julie Andrews, British actress and singer
1935 - Julio Jaramillo, Ecuatorian singer (d. 1978)
1936 - Stella Stevens, American actress
1939 - George Archer, American golfer (d. 2005)
1942 - Frank Gardner, Australian race car driver
1943 - Jean-Jacques Annaud, French film director
1943 - Angèle Arsenault, Canadian singer and songwriter
1945 - Rod Carew, Panamanian Major League Baseball player
1945 - Spider Sabich, American skier (d. 1976)
1945 - Donny Hathaway, American soul musician and composer (d. 1979)
1946 - Tim O'Brien, American writer
1947 - Aaron Ciechanover, Israeli biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry
1947 - Stephen Collins, American actor
1947 - Adriano Tilgher, Italian politician
1948 - Cub Koda, American singer (d. 2000)
1949 - Isaac Bonewits, American author
1950 - Randy Quaid, American actor
1952 - Jacques Martin, Canadian hockey coach and executive
1953 - John Hegley, British poet
1953 - Pete Falcone, American baseball player
1954 - Martin Strel, Slovenian swimmer
1955 - Duško Tadić, Bosnian Serb
1956 - Theresa May, British politician
1959 - Youssou N'Dour, Senegalese singer
1962 - Esai Morales, American actor
1963 - Mark McGwire, American baseball player
1963 - Jean-Denis Délétraz, Swiss race car driver
1964 - Harry Hill, British comedian
1964 - Jonathan Sarfati, Australian-born chess player, scientist, and author
1965 - Andreas Keller, German field hockey player
1965 - Cliff Ronning, Canadian ice hockey player
1965 - Cindy Margolis, American model and spokesmodel
1966 - George Weah, Liberian politician and footballer
1967 - Scott Young, American hockey player
1967 - Mike Pringle, American football player
1968 - Jon Guenther, American author
1969 - Igor Ulanov, Russian hockey player
1970 - Gam Wu-seong, South Korean actor
1970 - Alexei Zhamnov, Russian ice hockey player
1974 - Mats Lindgren, Swedish ice hockey player
1975 - Chulpan Khamatova, Russian actress
1976 - Antonio Roybal, American painter and sculptor
1976 - Denis Gauthier, Canadian hockey player
1977 - Jeffrey van Hooydonk, Belgian race car driver
1979 - Rudi Johnson, American football player
1979 - Gilberto Martínez, Costa Rican footballer
1981 - Júlio Baptista, Brazilian footballer
1982 - Haruna Babangida, Nigerian footballer
1982 - Sandra Oxenryd, Swedish singer
1984 - Daniel Guillén, Spanish footballer
1985 - Dizzee Rascal, British musician
1985 - Ryo Miyamori, Japanese singer

Deaths

959 - King Edwy of England
1040 - Alan III, Duke of Brittany (poisoned) (b. 997)
1189 - Gerard de Ridefort, grandmaster of the Templars
1310 - Beatrice of Burgundy, Lady of Bourbon (b. 1257)
1404 - Pope Boniface IX (b. 1356)
1499 - Marsilio Ficino, Italian philosopher (b. 1433)
1500 - John Alcock, English Catholic bishop
1567 - Pietro Carnesecchi, Italian humanist (b. 1508)
1570 - Frans Floris, Flemish painter (b. 1520)
1574 - Marten Jacobszoon Heemskerk van Veen, Dutch painter (b. 1498)
1578 - Don John of Austria, military leader (b. 1547)
1609 - Giammateo Asola, Italian composer
1684 - Pierre Corneille, French author (b. 1606)
1693 - Pedro Abarca, Spanish theologian (b. 1619)
1708 - John Blow, British composer (b. 1649)
1768 - Robert Simson, Scottish mathematician (b. 1687)
1864 - Rose Greenhow, American Confederate spy (b. 1817)
1876 - James Lick, California land baron (b. 1796)
1901 - Abdur Rahman Khan, Afghan amir
1929 - Antoine Bourdelle, French sculptor (b. 1861)
1955 - Charles Christie, American film studio owner (b. 1880)
1958 - Robert Falk, Russian painter (b. 1886)
1975 - Al Jackson, American drummer (Booker T. & the M.G.'s) (b. 1935)
1984 - Walter Alston, American baseball player (b. 1911)
1985 - E. B. White, American author (b. 1899)
1988 - Sacheverell Sitwell, English writer (b. 1897)
1990 - Curtis LeMay, American Air Force general (b. 1906)
1992 - Petra Kelly, German politician (b. 1947)
1994 - Paul Lorenzen, German philosopher (b. 1915)
1997 - Jerome H. Lemelson, American inventor (b. 1923)
1998 - Pauline Julien, French Canadian singer (b. 1928)
2000 - Reginald Kray, British gangster (b. 1933)
2000 - Robert Allen, American pianist and songwriter (b. 1928)
2001 - Guy Beaulne, French Canadian actor and theatre director (b. 1921)
2002 - Walter Annenberg, American publisher and philanthropist (b. 1908)
2004 - Richard Avedon, American photographer (b. 1923)
2004 - Bruce Palmer, Canadian musician (Buffalo Springfield) (b. 1946)
2006 - Jerald Tanner, American religious activist (b. 1938)

Holidays and observances

RC Church - Feast days of Saint Thérèse de Lisieux; formerly of Saint Bavo and Saint Remigius
Also see October 1 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
National Day of the People's Republic of China (1949)
Republic of Cyprus - Independence Day (from Britain, 1960)
Nigeria - Independence Day (from Britain, 1960)
San Marino - two Captains Regent, elected by parliament, take office for six months.
Tuvalu - Independence Day (from Gilbert Islands (Kiribati), 1975)
French Republican Calendar - Cuve (Barrel) Day, tenth day in the Month of Vendémiaire
World Vegetarian Day
Singapore - Children's Day
World Health Organization - World Hepatitis Awareness Day
Ghana - Independence Day (from Britain, 1957)
Armenia - Teachers' Day

Fiction

In the first movie adaptation of Roald Dahl's Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, the fictional character Willy Wonka gives an unprecedented tour of his chocolate factory on October 1 (year unspecified).
In the "Resident Evil" series the United States gov't makes initiates Operation Code XX where the infected Raccoon city is destroyed by a ballistic missle.