Work-at-home scheme

Not to be confused with Remote work, a legitimate working arrangement.

A work-at-home scheme is a get-rich-quick scam in which a victim is lured by an offer to be employed at home, very often doing some simple task in a minimal amount of time with a large amount of income that far exceeds the market rate for the type of work. The true purpose of such an offer is for the perpetrator to extort money from the victim, either by charging a fee to join the scheme, or requiring the victim to invest in products whose resale value is misrepresented.^[1]

An ad for a work-at-home scheme posted on a pole

Overview

Remote work schemes have been recorded since the early 20th century; the earliest studied "envelope stuffing" scam originated in the United States during the Great Depression in the 1920s and 1930s.^[2] In this scam, the worker is offered entry to a scheme where they can earn $2 for every envelope they fill. After paying a small $2 fee to join the scheme, the victim is sent a flyer template for the self-same work-from-home scheme, and instructed to post these advertisements around their local area – the victim is simply "stuffing envelopes" with flyer templates that perpetuate the scheme.^[2] Originally found as printed adverts in newspapers and magazines, variants of this scam have expanded into more modern media, such as television and radio adverts, and forum posts on the Internet.

In some countries, law enforcement agencies work to fight work-at-home schemes. In 2006, the United States Federal Trade Commission (FTC) established Project False Hopes, a federal and state law enforcement sweep that targets bogus business opportunities and work-at-home scams. The crackdown involved more than 100 law enforcement actions by the FTC, the Department of Justice, the United States Postal Inspection Service, and law enforcement agencies in eleven states.^[1]

Home-based business and remote work are a legitimate avenue for employment, but anyone seeking such an employment opportunity can be scammed by accepting home employment offers from individuals or unknown companies. A 2007 report in the United States suggested that about 97% of work-at-home offers were scams.^[3] Many legitimate jobs at home require some form of post-high-school education, such as a college degree or certificate, or trade school, and some experience in the field in an office or other supervised setting. Additionally, many legitimate at-home jobs are not like those in schemes are portrayed to be, as they are often performed at least some of the time in the company's office, require more self discipline than a traditional job, and have a higher risk of firing.

Common types of work found in work-at-home schemes include:

• Stuffing envelopes.^[2] The victim sees a flyer advertising a job stuffing envelopes, with "up to 1,000 envelopes a week that you can stuff... with postage and address already affixed!", offering a payment of $1–2 per envelope. To apply for the job, the victim is required to send a self-addressed stamped envelope for information and a small processing fee. In return, the victim is sent a template for the flyer they had originally seen; the envelopes they stuff are from other people who answer the flyer, and the payment is the processing fee.^[2]
• Assembly of items of some type, such as crafts, jewellery or medical equipment. The worker is required to pay upfront for materials and construction kits, and when they attempt to sell the finished products back to the scheme's organizer they are told that the products "don't meet our specifications", leaving the worker with assembled products and no buyer.^[2]
• Processing medical claims. The worker pays several hundred dollars for medical billing software, but will later discover that most medical clinics process their own bills, outsource their billing to established firms rather than individuals, or have stricter requirements than the purchased software can provide.^[2]
• Forum spamming. Usually advertised as some variant of "email processing", the worker is simply given instructions on spamming online forums and told they can make money by selling these same instructions online.^[2]
• Money mule, where the victim is required to receive and cash the fraudulent check and send back part of the proceeds and keep the other part. This is money laundering and will get the victim in trouble with the bank as well as with the law, as the check bounces (where the victim is liable for the bounced check) and can and often does lead to prosecution.^[4]
• Re-shipping, where the victim is required to receive the merchandise (often high-priced merchandise such as iPhones, iPads, MacBooks, or Pixel smartphones) purchased with stolen credit cards (or picked up at carrier service centers or retail stores such as Best Buy), then ship them eventually overseas, usually to Eastern Europe. The package may be re-shipped to multiple U.S. addresses before leaving for the scammers. The victim is usually in it for about a month, after which their communications with the scammers cease. The victims are usually never paid and lose money, often as a result of paying for shipping supplies, and usually further victimized with identity theft but are generally not prosecuted unless a warning from law enforcement is ignored. This type of scam usually occurs during the winter holiday season.^[5]

During the COVID-19 pandemic, work-at-home schemes, as well as victims affected by such schemes, were extremely common.^[6]

Some advertisements offer legitimate forms of work that really do exist, but exaggerate the salary and understate the effort that will have to be put into the job, or exaggerate the amount of work that will be available. Many such ads do not even specify the type of work that will be performed. Some similar schemes do not advertise work that would be performed at home, but may instead offer occasional, sporadic work away from home for large payments, paired with a lot of free time. Some common offers fitting this description are acting as extras, mystery shopping (which in reality requires hard work, is paid close to minimum wage, and most importantly, does not require an up-front fee to join) and working as a nanny.^[7][8][9]

Five ways to make money from home without sacrificing your integrity!

Freelance Writing

Are you a good writer? Then you might be able to make some extra money by becoming a freelance writer. Freelance writing is a great way to make money online, and it doesn't require much in the way of start-up costs. All you need is an internet connection and a laptop or desktop computer.

You can get paid for freelance writing in many different ways, such as by the hour, per article, or by the word. Depending on your experience and skill level, you may be able to command higher rates for your services.

The best way to get started as a freelance writer is to create a portfolio of your work. This portfolio should contain samples of your writing and examples of published articles. Having a portfolio will make it easier for potential clients to see what you can do and decide whether you're the right fit for them.

It's also important to market yourself as a freelance writer. You can do this by joining writing groups on social media, creating a blog or website, and reaching out to potential clients on platforms like LinkedIn. With some hard work and dedication, you could easily become a successful freelance writer and make good money online.

Social Media Management

You’ll need to become familiar with the features and functions of the various social media networks, as well as understand what types of content are most engaging to their target audiences. You should also be able to monitor and respond to comments and messages in a timely manner.

To get started, you should first create a portfolio of your work that includes screenshots or examples of campaigns you have created and managed. This will allow potential clients to see what you can do and how you can help them reach their goals. You can also start by taking on smaller projects or reaching out to local businesses.

Once you have the experience under your belt, you can begin to look for larger projects. As a social media manager, you could be responsible for creating strategies and campaigns for a company, engaging with followers, monitoring analytics, and more.

Overall, social media management is a great way to earn money online. It requires an understanding of the various platforms and the ability to craft creative content that resonates with the target audience. If you have the necessary skills and dedication, social media management can be a lucrative way to make money online.

Web Design

For those with a flair for design, web design can be a great way to make money online. With the right skills and experience, you can offer your services to clients who are looking to create or update their website. You may also be able to pick up projects that involve the development of custom web applications or templates.

The basics of web design include knowing how to work with HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and other popular programming languages. You should also be familiar with graphic design principles, since most web designs also involve creating images and artwork. If you want to become a successful web designer, it’s important to stay up-to-date with the latest trends in the industry.

As with other freelance opportunities, there are a number of ways to find web design jobs online. You could start by posting your services on platforms like Upwork or Fiverr. Or, if you’d prefer to build a portfolio, you could create some sample websites and post them on sites like Dribbble and Behance.

No matter which route you take, web design is a great way to earn money online and make use of your creative skills. Just remember to set realistic expectations for yourself and be honest about your experience level when taking on new projects.

SEO Consulting

If you’re familiar with search engine optimization (SEO) and know how to apply it in practical situations, then becoming an SEO consultant could be the perfect way to make money from your digital skillset.

As an SEO consultant, you’ll be responsible for helping clients improve their website’s ranking in search engine results pages (SERPs). This can include providing guidance on content optimization, researching and selecting keywords, improving page load speeds, and boosting backlink profiles. Read More

Virtual Assistant

A virtual assistant is an online professional who provides services such as administrative, marketing, and technical support from a remote ___location. Virtual assistants can be contracted for a variety of tasks, from data entry and customer service to marketing and SEO research.

The job of a virtual assistant requires strong organizational skills, the ability to work independently, and excellent communication skills. You must be comfortable using computers and technology, as well as have an understanding of social media and digital marketing. Depending on the employer's needs, a virtual assistant might need specific knowledge of software programs such as Adobe Creative Suite or Microsoft Office. Read More

Consequences

The consequences of falling for a work-at-home scheme may be as follows:^[10]

• Loss of money: It may be only the initial fee to join, which may be a large or small amount. Some scammers will cease contact with the victim after receiving just this fee. Others will continue to ask for more in order for the promise of high pay to be fulfilled. Some will actually issue paychecks, while receiving payments of greater value in return, which in some cases have exceeded tens of thousands of US dollars. In other cases, the employer may obtain the victim's personal information for purposes of identity theft.
• Loss of legitimate job: Those with a real job may quit in hopes of a better one, only to find they cannot get their original job back after they discover their dream job was only a hoax.
• Damaged reputation: Those who engage in sales of a faulty or otherwise controversial product may be tarnishing their own name as the salesperson of such a worthless item.
• Trouble with law: Some victims may actually receive money. But at the same time, they may be unknowingly breaking the law, on behalf of the perpetrator of the scheme, but will be fully legally responsible. Such violations may be criminal or civil in nature. In other cases, they will not be committing any criminal acts, but they will end up framed in an investigation for the crimes of the perpetrator.
• Wasted time: Victims will often invest huge amounts of time with no pay in return. This is time that can be spent earning money at a legitimate job.
• Victim's contact information is sold to other scammers, who then contact the victim with new scams.

See also

• "The Adventure of the Stockbroker's Clerk"

References

1. Federal Trade Commission (12 December 2006). "Federal, State Law Enforcers Complete Bogus Business Opportunity Sweep". ftc.gov. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2016-01-02.
2. "Top 10 Work At Home and Home Based Business Scams". 12 February 2004. Archived from the original on 31 July 2012.
3. "Working From Home: Don't Get Scammed". ABC: Good Morning America. 2007-04-03. Archived from the original on 2009-08-31. Retrieved 2009-07-03.
4. "What's a money mule scam?". Federal Trade Commission. March 4, 2020. Archived from the original on May 26, 2020. Retrieved June 1, 2020.
5. "Reshipping Scam". TransUnion. Archived from the original on September 19, 2020. Retrieved June 1, 2020.
6. "FTC warns of work-from-home scams amid COVID-19 pandemic". FOX 29 Philadelphia. May 8, 2020. Archived from the original on November 27, 2020.
7. "Police issue warning over horror film extras scam". The Guardian. July 11, 2012. Archived from the original on February 15, 2015. Retrieved Feb 15, 2015.
8. "Mystery Shopping in Australia". Finance Informer. Archived from the original on February 15, 2015. Retrieved Feb 15, 2015.
9. "Nanny Scams". About.com. Archived from the original on February 15, 2015. Retrieved Feb 15, 2015.
10. "Work-at-Home Schemes". Bbb.org. 2011-02-24. Archived from the original on 2019-01-25. Retrieved 2016-02-04.

^[1]

1. "How can I earn Real money online?". Solutions Learning. Retrieved 2023-01-02.