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Draft:Artillery Combat Command and Control System

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The Artillery Combat Command and Control System (ACCCS), under Project SHAKTI (lit. 'Power') is an indigenous, integrated, digitized, networked command and control platform developed by the Indian Army's Directorate General of Information Systems (Project Management Organization), in partnership with Bharat Electronics, Center for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, and Armament Research and Development Establishment.

It is the first Combat Command, Control, and Information system used by the Indian Army. All operational decision-making, from the corps to the artillery battery level, is automated and supported by the ACCCS. It serves as the focal point for the fire power component of the Regiment of Artillery. On June 12, 2009, the ACCCS was handed over to Lieutenant General KR Rao, Director General of Artillery, and General Deepak Kapoor, Chief of the Army Staff.[1][2][3]

ACCCS is linked to the Indian Army's Command Information Decision Support System, which is a part of the Tactical Command, Control, Communications, and Information (TAC-C3I) System.[4][5] It continues to develop into the Artillery Combat Command Control and Communication System (ACCCCS), which utilizes Survey of India's Defence Series Maps, machine learning, and artificial intelligence.[6][7] The Indian Army's C4I2SR (Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Interoperability, Surveillance and Reconnaissance) system relies heavily on TAC-C3I.[8]

System

ACCCS performs tactical fire control, fire planning, deployment management to achieve maximum fire densities at important regions, operational logistics management, and technical control based on time and position accuracy. It can deliver hits at key locations with concentrated firepower and concentrate artillery firepower at the tactical scale.[1] It is one of the most efficient operational information systems in the Indian Army, which is constantly being enhanced.[9] The updated tactical computer, the gun display unit, and the handheld computer are manufactured by Bharat Electronics.[10]

As of 2007, the project's estimated cost was ₹36 billion (US$400 million). A report from November 22, 2007, stated that ACCCS was having technical problems and that the project was running behind schedule. Foreign assistance has been sought to fix it. BEL denied technical problems and disclosed that the Indian Army had changed the quality criteria for computers and other subsystems in the middle. According to Ministry of Defense sources, BEL bought old computers from Elbit Systems as a temporary measure until local development was finished, for which the Indian Army requested upgrades. The conceptual framework for Project SHAKTI was the U.S. Army Battle Command System.[11]

It was CAIR that designed and developed the foundational technology. BEL was given the task of developing and manufacturing computers and intelligent terminals that were connected as a wide area network. The main subsystems are the gun display unit, remote access terminal, battery computer, and artillery computer center. ACCCS is remotely connected to artillery control equipment, guided missile systems, and artillery gun fire control systems. The battlefield commander and military headquarters are then linked to these systems. With help from Rosboronxport, the Defence Research and Development Organisation developed the fire control system. The ACCCS fire control system consists of three components: reconnaissance, guidance, and communication control. The automation of ACCCS effectively increased artillery firepower of Indian Army by five fold.[11]

All fire-control systems had to be compatible with Project SHAKTI, as required by the Indian Army's directive for artillery units using mounted gun systems, as per 2021 request for information proposal.[12] Pinaka MBRL is being integrated with the ACCCS, along with the newly inducted howitzers.[13] The ATAGS is compatible with ACCCS in terms of technical fire control, fire planning, deployment management, and operational logistics management.[14]

Upgrades

The Indian Army is working on a number of programs to achieve information supremacy in all areas. The Army is establishing captive data centers throughout the nation, which will be fully operational by the end of 2023, in order to operationalize the upgrades over a high-bandwidth secure network.[9]

On 20 January 2013, the Indian Army received a new artillery combat and control system dubbed Shakti from BEL to meet the network-centric warfare requirement. It will be the primary subsystem of TAC-C3I. The improved tactical computer, handheld computer, and gun display unit that make up Shakti are all connected via fiber-optic cable, landlines, or tactical radio networks. Shakti integrates and automates artillery operating tasks using software that integrates with the Global Navigation Satellite System and Geographic Information System. Shakti's primary responsibilities include calculating trajectories, handling fire requests, managing ammunition, recommending gun deployment locations and observation posts for both offensive and defensive operations, providing ammunition and logistical support on time, and creating task tables, fire plans, and automatic gun program generation. BEL collaborated with the DRDO to develop the system software. Numerous user assessments, integration testing, verification and validation trials, and a comprehensive field evaluation trial have all been conducted on it.[15]

A project sanction order has been issued as of 2022 for the development of high frequency software-defined radio (HFSDR) under Defence Acquisition Procedure 2020 (Make II category). The Indian Army plans to acquire 300 HFSDRs. It will enable long-distance radio communication and GIS-based blue force tracking.[16] As part of the Year of Transformation 2023, the Indian Army is updating the ACCCS with new situational awareness modules and extremely realistic Defense Series Maps.[17]

The MoD and Bharat Electronics signed a deal on February 6, 2025, for software enhancements in Shakti.[18][19]

Project Sanjay

In order to complete the sensor-shooter grid by connecting it to the ACCCS, the Indian Army began working with BEL in partnership with CAIR to design Battlefield Surveillance System (BSS). It facilitated the integration of numerous sensors and establish 60 surveillance centers for the field formations. Sensor data and information are integrated into an all-encompassing system that facilitates prompt decision-making. Extensive validation of BSS was conducted across plains, deserts, and mountains between August and October of 2022. It satisfied Indian Army's expectations with over 95% success rate. The Army field formations along the northern and western borders would receive their deliveries by December 2025, with BEL having been granted the contract. The original development cost was estimated to be ₹2,700 crore (US$320 million) which was later revised to ₹2,402 crore (US$280 million). It was developed under the Buy (Indian) category.[9][20][21][22]

Minister of Defence Rajnath Singh officially launched it on 24 January 2025. In order to ensure accuracy, avoid redundancy, and create an integrated picture for tactical battle, this automated system aggregates and processes inputs from satellites, helicopters, UAVs, air defense radars, battlefield surveillance radars, counter-battery radars, long-range reconnaissance and observation systems, thermal imagers, reconnaissance vehicles, and patrolling. It also looks at depth areas that are 200 kilometers beyond the boundaries. From March to October 2025, it will be incorporated into brigades, divisions, and corps. The system includes a communication control unit, a generator, a monitoring center, and multiple monitoring communication terminals. It is highly mobile. It shows the military's strategic locations. BSS uses AI analytics to locate and evaluate the target and sends audio, video, content, and photos over fiber-optics as well as fast and secure VHF, HF, and UHF hybrid networks.[4][21][23][24]

Situational Reporting Over Enterprise-Class GIS platform (e-Sitrep)

The e-Sitrep is tailored to the Army's operational requirements, featuring geovisualization, temporal and dynamic querying, and analytics based on authorization levels. It was deployed in June 2023.[20]

Project Avgat (Army’s Own Gati Shakti)

On a single GIS platform, it integrates inputs from the operational ___domain, logistics, satellite imaging, topography, and meteorology to introduce multi-___domain spatial awareness. Project Avgat will be operationalized gradually. During the first phase, it will combine operational ___domain inputs, specific logistical inputs, satellite imaging data, topographic inputs, and meteorological inputs on a shared platform. By late 2023, the system should be completely functional.[25]

Situational Awareness Module for the Army (SAMA)

SAMA is a comprehensive combat information decision support, re-designed as Army Information and Decision Support System, which is being developed in collaboration with the Bhaskaracharya Institute For Space Applications and Geo-Informatics and the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, to provide commanders a comprehensive picture of the battlefield by combining inputs from all operational and managerial information systems such as ACCCS, BSS, e-Sitrep, and MISO. It was put into use in May 2023 for corps-level field validation. The Army's Northern Command was the first to operationalize SAMA in June 2023.[9][20][26]

Project Anumaan

The Indian Army signed a memorandum of understanding on 24 November 2022, to assist National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting in gathering observations along the northern borders and will obtain higher-resolution weather predictions along the Chinese frontiers.[27] An application was under development for artillery operations.[9] For deployments along the high altitudes areas, it will provide precise weather forecasts.[17] It will help in surveillance and intelligence gathering. The Indian Army is planning to release the Anuman app on 19 May 2023.[28]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "SHAKTI dedication to Indian Army". Press Information Bureau. Ministry of Defence, Government of India. 12 June 2009. Retrieved 8 July 2025.
  2. ^ "Artillery Combat Command Control System (ACCCS)". Bharat Electronics Limited. Retrieved 8 July 2025.
  3. ^ "Modernization of India's Artillery Regiment". Life of Soldiers. 2019-06-20. Retrieved 2025-08-06.
  4. ^ a b Katoch (Retd), Lt. General P.C. (14 February 2025). "SANJAY Battlefield Surveillance System". spslandforces.com. Retrieved 2025-07-09.
  5. ^ "TAC C3I - A shot in the arm for Indian Army". Rediff. 2005-10-03. Retrieved 2025-07-09.
  6. ^ Dutta, Amrita Nayak (2023-05-06). "Army working on multiple automation projects to aid decision making, effective logistics management". The Indian Express. Retrieved 2025-07-09.
  7. ^ Singh, Rahul (2023-05-06). "Army harnesses tech for battlefield supremacy". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 2024-06-24. Retrieved 2025-07-09.
  8. ^ Katoch (Retd), Lt General P.C. "Build Capacity, Strengthen Interoperability". spslandforces.com. Retrieved 2025-08-01.
  9. ^ a b c d e "Army working on mega surveillance system to get real time operational pictures". India Today. 2023-05-06. Retrieved 2025-07-08.
  10. ^ "Army to induct first network-centric artillery system". The Indian Express. 2009-06-09. Retrieved 2025-07-09.
  11. ^ a b Singh, Bulbul (2007-11-22). "INDIAN ARMY'S ACCCS PROJECT DELAYED". battle-updates.com. Retrieved 2025-07-08.
  12. ^ "Unsuccessful For 20 Years, Indian Army Again Hunts For Mounted Gun System For Artillery Units". eurasiantimes.com. 2021-04-03. Retrieved 2025-07-08.
  13. ^ Prasad, Lt. General K Ravi (2021-06-06). "The Arty Role On The Front Line". Indian Aerospace and Defence Bulletin. Retrieved 2025-08-06.
  14. ^ "Defence Ministry inks Rs 6,900-cr deal to buy towed artillery guns, vehicles". The Indian Express. 2025-03-27. Retrieved 2025-07-08.
  15. ^ "BEL delivers new artillery combat system to Army". Business Standard. 20 January 2013. Archived from the original on 2023-01-13. Retrieved 2025-07-08.
  16. ^ "Indian Army Approves Five make II Projects Providing Impetus to "Atma Nirbhaarta"". Press Information Bureau. Ministry of Defence, Government of India. 4 November 2022. Retrieved 9 July 2025.
  17. ^ a b "Indian Army gears up to overhaul its network-centric battlefield, military logistics projects". The Financial Express. 2023-05-12. Retrieved 2025-07-09.
  18. ^ "Aatmanirbhar Bharat: MoD inks contracts totalling Rs 10,147 crore with EEL, MIL & BEL for rockets of PINAKA Multiple Launch Rocket System to enhance Indian Army's firepower". Press Information Bureau. Ministry of Defence, Government of India. 6 February 2025. Retrieved 30 July 2025.
  19. ^ "Defence Ministry Signs Over Rs 10,000 Crore Deal For Pinaka Rocket System". ndtv.com. 2025-02-06. Retrieved 2025-07-30.
  20. ^ a b c "Army working on creating battlefield surveillance system for composite operational picture". Deccan Herald. Retrieved 2025-07-08.
  21. ^ a b "Project Sanjay: 'BEL meets Army's aspirations in entirety'". Defence Watch. 2023-05-09. Retrieved 2025-07-09.
  22. ^ Peri, Dinakar (2023-05-05). "Army commanders to soon get real-time, comprehensive operational picture through automation initiatives". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 2025-07-09.
  23. ^ "Raksha Mantri Shri Rajnath Singh flags-off 'SANJAY - The Battlefield Surveillance System' from New Delhi". Press Information Bureau. Ministry of Defence, Government of India. 24 January 2025. Retrieved 9 July 2025.
  24. ^ Mohan, Vijay (24 January 2025). "Army's new Battlefield Surveillance System to boost decision-making capability by integrating information from all sources". The Tribune. Retrieved 2025-07-09.
  25. ^ "Battlefield surveillance system to situational awareness module, Army working on number of key projects to transform itself: Sources". The Financial Express. 2023-05-06. Retrieved 2025-07-09.
  26. ^ "Indian Army and MeitY unite forces for technological defence overhaul". The Economic Times. 2023-12-07. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 2025-07-08.
  27. ^ "Indian Army troops deployed near China border to get their own weather app". The Financial Express. 2023-05-13. Retrieved 2025-07-09.
  28. ^ Singh, Mayank (2023-05-14). "Indian Army gets 'Anuman' for accurate artillery firing". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 2025-07-09.
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