Data types
How to declare variable x as the following types:
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Integer
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Unsigned integer
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Float
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String
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| C
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int x;
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unsigned int x;
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float x; or double x;
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char x[]; or char *x;
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| C++ (STL)
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int x;
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unsigned int x;
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float x; or double x;
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string x;
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| Java
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int x;
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float x; or double x;
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String x;
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| Pascal
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var x: integer;
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var x: word;
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var x: real;
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var x: string;
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| Visual Basic
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dim x as integer
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| Python
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x = value
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x = value
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x = value
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x = "string"
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| S-Lang
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x = value
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x = value
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x = value
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x = "string"
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Logical cycles
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if
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else if
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while
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for i = 1 to N
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select case
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| C
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if (condition) { instructions } else { instructions }
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if (condition) { instructions } else if (condition) { instructions }
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while (condition) { instructions }
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for (i = 0; i<N; i++) { instructions }
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switch (variable) { case case1: instructions break; ... }
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| C++ (STL)
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as above
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as above
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as above
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as above
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as above
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| Java
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as above
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as above
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as above
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as above
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as above
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| Pascal
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if condition then begin \n instructions \n end;
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if condition then begin \n instructions \n end\n else begin \n instructions \n end;
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repeat \n instructions \n until condition;
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for i := 1 to N do \n begin \n instructions \n end;
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case variable of \n meaning: instructions; \n default: instructions \n end;
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| Visual Basic
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if condition then \n instructions \n end if
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while condition \n instructions \n wend
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for i = 1 to N step 1 \n instructions \n next
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| Python
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if condition : \n \t instructions \n else: \n \tinstructions \n
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for i in range(1, N): \n \t instructions \n
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| S-Lang
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if (condition) { instructions } else { instructions }
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if (condition) { instructions } else if (condition) { instructions }
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while (condition) { instructions }
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for (i = 0; i<N; i++) { instructions }
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switch (variable) { case case1: instructions } { case case2: instructions } ...
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Function declaration
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basic
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value-returning function
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| C
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void foo(parameters) { }
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type foo(parameters) { }
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| C++ (STL)
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as above
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as above
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| Java
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public or private + as above
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public or private +as above
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| Pascal
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procedure foo(...);
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function foo(...):type;
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| Visual Basic
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| Python
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def foo(parameters): \n \t instructions \n
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add return value at the end.
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| S-Lang
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define foo (parameters ; qualifiers) { }
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define foo (parameters ; qualifiers) { ... return value; }
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Data conversions
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string to integer
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string to float
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integer to string
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float to string
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| C
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integer = atoi(string);
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float = atof(string);
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sprintf(string, "%i", integer);
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sprintf(string, "%f", float);
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| C++
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| Java
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integer = Integer.parseInt(string);
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float = Float.parseInt(string);
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string = integer;
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string = float;
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| Pascal
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SysUtils.StrToInt(string);
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SysUtils.StrToFloat(string);
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SysUtils.IntToStr((integer);
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SysUtils.FloatToStr((float);
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| Visual Basic
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| Python
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int('5')
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float('5.0')
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str(5)
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str(5.0)
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| S-Lang
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integer = atoi(string);
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float = atof(string);
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string = string(integer);
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string = string(float);
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stdin
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stdout
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stderr
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| C
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scanf( ... );
fscanf(stdin, ... );
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printf( ... );
fprintf(stdout, ... );
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fprintf(stderr, ... );
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| C++
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cin >> x;
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cout << x;
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cerr << x;
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| Java
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x = System.in.read();
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System.out.print(x);
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System.err.print(x);
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| Pascal
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read( ... ); (or readln( ... );)
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write( ... ); (or writeln( ... );)
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var IOResult;
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| Visual Basic
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input
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print x
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?
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| Python
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- For numbers: x = input()
- For strings: x = raw_input()
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print( ... )
sys.stdout.write( string )
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sys.stderr.write( string )
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| S-Lang
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fgets (&x, stdin)
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fputs (x, stdout)
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fputs (x, stderr)
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Reading arguments
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Argument values
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Argument counts
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| C
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char **argv
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int argc
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| C++
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as above
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as above
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| Java
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string = args[x];
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integer = args.length;
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| Pascal
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| Visual Basic
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| Python
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sys.argv
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len(sys.argv)
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| S-Lang
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__argv
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__argc
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