List of Proto-Indo-European roots

This is the list of most commonly represented Proto-Indo-European roots. Generally, only the most representative sample from each branch of the Indo-European languages is given. All the words are shown in their most representative declinations.

Abbreviations used in the rest of this document

A - Armenian,
Al - Albanian,
B - Lithuanian,
C - Gaulish,
D - German,
E - English,
F - Phrygian,
G - Greek,
H - Hittite,
I - Avestan,
Il - Illyrian,
K - Tocharian
L - Latin,
MN - Macedonian,
OCS - Old Church Slavonic,
OE - Old English,
OHG - Old High German,
OIr - Old Irish,
ON - Old Norse,
OPr - Prussian,
Oss - Ossetian,
R - Russian,
S - Sanskrit,
W - Gothic.

Pronouns

eg- (I)
me- (me)
wei- (we)
nes- (us)
tu- (thou)
te- (thee)
iuh- (ye)
wos- (you)
medhyo (between): С medi-os, L medi-um, E middle, R mejdu, D Mitte

Numerals

1- oino-
2- dwo-
3- trei-
4- kwetwer-
5- penkwe-
6- sweks-
7- septm-
8- oktou-
9- newn-
10- dekm-
20- vikmti
100- kmtom
1000- teus-kmti (W þusundi, OE þusend, B tūkstantis, OCS tysǫšti')

Nouns

Kinship

manu- (person): S manus-, I man-us, E man, R muž, B žmones
nomon (name): K nom, L nōmen, E name, S nāmah, G onoma, CC anm-en, R imya, Al emën, OIr ainm, H lāman
wiros (man): S vīra-, I vīra-, L vir, B vyras, K wir, OHG wer, C gwyr, Sk oior, E werewolf
gwena (woman): R žena, I gəna, G gynē, E queen, S gnā/jani-, OPr genna, A gin
an- (ancestor): OG annis, L anna, Il ana, D ano->ahn, B anyta, H hannas, A han, R vnuk, C eontr
pa-ter (father): L pater, G pater, K pācer, C ater, S pitā, D Vater
mā-ter (mother): L māter, G mētēr, R mat', S matr, K mācer, S mātā, D Mutter
bhrā-ter (brother): E brother, L frāter, G phrātēr, K procer, R brat, D Bruder
swesor (sister): OE sweostor, S svasar-, R sestra, L soror, OIr siur, A koir, K sar, G eor
sunu- (son): S sūnu-, I hunu-, B sūnus, E son, OHG sunu, R syn, G nios
dhugəter (daughter): S duhitar-, G thygatēr, K tkācer, E daughter, R pl. docheri, A dustr, D Tochter
daiwer (husband's brother): S devar-, R dever', B dieveris, L lēvir, OHG zeihhur, G dāēr, A taigr
swekrū (mother-in-law): R svekrov', S śvaśrū-, B šešuras, OHG swigur, C chwegr, A skesur, L socrus, G ekurā, Al vjehërë
snus-os (daughter-in-law): S snushā-, OCS snŭkha, OE snoru, L nurus, G nuos, A nu
gəlōu- (brother's wife): OCS zlŭva, R zolovka, G galōs, L glōs
yenəter- (brother-in-law's wife): L ianitrīcēs, G einatēr, B jentė, R yatrov', S yātar-
awon- (grandfather/uncle): L avus/avunculus, B avynas, W ewythr, A hav, OCS uy, OE ēam
nepōt- (grandson/nephew): L nepōs, S napāt-, I napāt-, Al nip, OCS netiy, OE nefa, C nei, D Neffe
widhewā- (widow): S vidhavā-, I vidavā-, W widuwō, OPr widdewu, R vdova, L vidua, OIr fedb, D Witwe
ghos-ti (stranger/guest): R gost', L hostis, OHG gast, E guest, R gos-pod'

Body parts

ker- (head): L cervix/cerebrum, R cherep, B kerpetis, G kare, I sar, S karparas, A karapen
pilo- (hair): G pilos, L pilus/pilleus, B pleike, R plesh >< *pula-: S pula, OIr ulach
bhru- (brow): S bhrus, B bruvis, Ir bruad, E brow, R brov', MN abroutes, G ophrys, D Braue
ous- (ear): G ous-os, S usi, R ushi, W auso, B ausis, C aus, L auris/aural, Al vesh, D Ohr
okw- (eye): R oko, L oculus, K ak, A akn, S aksi, OHG ouga, G ops, OHG ouga, E eye, D Auge
nas- (nose): S nasa, L nasus/naris, R nos/nozdrya, B nosis, E nose, I nah, D Nase
os- (mouth): S as/osthas, I aosta, C oss, L os/oral/ostium, B austo/uosta, R usta/ustye
leb- (lip): L labium, D lippe, E lip, C llef, R lobzat'
dent- (tooth): L dentis, G odons, C dant, B dantis, S dantam, E tooth, OHG zand, R desna
dinghu- (tongue): L dingua->lingua, OIr teng, E tongue, W tuggo >< *daghu->*gighu: S jihva, I hizva->huzvan, R yazyk, B l-iezuvis, A l-ezu, D Zunge
genu- (cheek): L gena, C genou, G genos, W kinnus, S hanus, I zanu, B zandas, F azon, K sanwem, A cnaut
g'ebh- (jaw): B zebti, R zebry/jabry/zob, Ir gop, D kiefer, OE ceafl->jowl, I zafana
smek- (chin): Ir smech, B smakras, S smasru, H zamakur, A mauruk, Al mjekre, L maxilla
bhardha (beard): B barzda, OCS brada, L barba, E beard, D Bart
moni (neck): S manya, L monile, E mane, Ir muine, G mannon, R monisto
omesos (shoulder): G omos, S amsa, W ams, L umerus, K antse, A us
arm- (arm): Oss arm, A armukn, L armus, W arms, E arm, S irmas, OPr irmo, OCS ramo, D Arm
el- (elbow): C elin, OHG elina, G alas/oleon, A olok, L ulna, B elkune, R lokot', S aratnis, Ellbogen
dous- (forearm): S dos, I daos, Ir doe, B pa-duse, R pazukha
ghes-(hand): S hastas, I zasta, B pa-zaste L prai-ghes-to >< H kessar, G kheir->chiros, A jerk
onogh (nail): G onohos, S anghri, L unguis, D nagel, R nogot', B nagutis, I nakhara, C eguin, A elungn
steno- (breast): G stenion, A stin, S stana, I fstana >< *speno-: B spenys, ON speni, OIr sine, L sternum
perk- (rib): OCS persi, B pirsys, S parsus, I parsum, Oss fars
pog- (lap): S paksas, B paksis, L pectus, R pakh, K passa
onbh- (navel): S nabhya, I naba, B naba, D nabel, G omphalos, L umbo/umbilicus, OIr imbliu
udero- (belly): L uterus, G otheros, S udaram, I udaras, B vedaras, R bedro, L venter, D wanst
pizda (vulva): R pizda, B pizda, Al pith >< *put-: L puteo, B puti, ON futh, OHG vut
pes- (penis): G peos, L penis, OHG faselt, S pasas
orghi- (testicle): G orhis, A orjik, I uirghe, B arzus, I arazi, Al herde
ors- (arse): G orrhos, A or, H arras, E arse, OIr err, D arsch
k'louni- (buttock): L clunis, C clun, ON hlaun, N slaunis, S sroni, I sraoni
kroksko (leg): Al krake, B karka, OCS kraka, R okorok, S kiskum
ped- (foot): B peda, L pes/pedis, S padam, E foot, A vot, G pos, R pedsios->peshiy
gwenu- (knee): R zveno, L genu, C geno, H gienu, E knee, G gony, S janu, Il Genua/Genava, D Knie
kenk- (kneecup): S kankala, B kenkle, Lt cinksla, E heel
persna (heel): S parsni, L perna/pernis, H parsina, W fairsna, D ferse, G pteron

Body organs

krep- (body): S krapa, I xrafstra, Al shkrep, OHG href, L corpus -> D Körper; E corpse, Ir cri, G prapis
nau- (corpse): K naut, W naus, OPr nave, R nav'/onava, C newyn, OHG not
pel- (skin): G pelos, L pellis, R pelena, D fell, E film, G pilon, B pleinen >< *tuakos: S tvacas, H tuekkas, G sakos
ost- (bone): L oss, G osteon/ostrakon -> E oyster, R k-ost', S asthi, I asti
gwiya (sinew): S jya, I jya, B giya, G bios, OCS jitsa >< R jila, A jil, B gysla, L filum
memso (flesh): S mamsam, OPr mensa, W mimz, R myaso, Al mish, A mis, K misa, L membrum, G menisk
kreu- (blood): S kravis, B kraujas, R krov', L cruor, Ir crau, G kreas, ON kruvas, I kruva-
esr- (blood): S asrak, OL aser, B asins, H eshar, K ysar, G eiar, A ariun
mozgo (brain): R mozg, I mazga, S majjas, K massunt, OPr muzgeno, OHG marag
ghelgh- (gland): A geljk, B gelezunes, R jeleza
reusmen- (throat): S romantha, C rhumen, L rumen/ruma/ruminare
pleu-mon (lung): G pleumon, S kloman, B plausas, R plyuche
kerd- (heart): S kerd, H karts, L cor-dis, G kardia, E heart, C craidd, R serdtse, B sirdis, A sird
yekwr- (liver): S yaknas, B jaknos, I yakar, L iekur, Ir iuchair, I jigar, G hepar, R ikra
splengh- (spleen): G splen, OIr selg, OCS slezena, L lien, I sparazan, S plihan, B bluznis
ghel- (gall): R jelch, E gall, G chole, L fellis, D Galle
lendh- (kidney): D lenden, R lyadvie, L lumbus
gwelbh- (womb): E womb, S garbhas, G thelphos >< *gwrebh-: G brephos, Ir brommach, R jrebya
g'her- (bowels): L hernia, S hirah, G horion, L haru-spex, ON garn, B zarna, A jar
eter- (intestines): OCS yatro, R utroba, G entera, S antram, A anderk, OIr inathar
bhudhmen (bottom): S budhnah, I buno, A bun, Ir bond, G nuthmen, L fundus, OHG bodam, E bottom
kakka (excrement): R kaka, G kakkao, L cacare, A kakor, Ir cacc, D kacke

Human feelings and qualities

men- (mind): L mens/mental, G menos/mnasthai/memona, S manas, I manah-, E mind, B minti, R mnit', A mit
aiw- (vital force): S ayuh, I ayu, K aym, L aevum, E aye/ever, G aeon/aion
sopn- (sleep): B sapnas, S svapnas, L somnus/sopio, ON svefn, K spane, G supno->hypnos, I xvafna, Ir suan, R son, A keun, Al gjume
an- (spirit): S anas, W andi, C anal, L animal/animus, G anemos, R von'
g'eus- (taste): OIr guss, L gustus, W kustus, D kiesen, S josati, I zaoso/zusto, Al desha
ters- (thirst): S tarsna, I tarsu, A tarsamim, G tersesthai, Al ter, L torrus/terra, E thirst, D Durst
sueid- (sweat): E sweat, B sviedri, S svedate, L sudor/sudare, G hidros, D Schweiss
dakru- (tear): G dakru, C deigr, L lacrima, D zahre, E tear, S asru, B asara
ghouros (fear): S ghoras, W gaurs, D graus, Ir gure, R jurit'
ghers- (horror): ON gersta, B grassa, A garsim, I grahma, OIr gortae
trudes- (leprosy): L trudo, R trud, OIr trosc, W trutsfill, G truo, B truneti

Celestial terms

sawel- (sun): B saule, L sol, C haul, G helios, Al (h)yll, E sun, R solntse, S suras, D Sonne
mens- (moon/month): G mene/men, K men/mene, L mensis, E moon/month, R mesyats, S masas, A amsoy, I mahya, Ir mi, D Mond/Monat
ster- (star): G aster, C sterenn, D stern, E star, L stella, A astel, S tarah/strebhih
nebh- (sky/cloud): R nebo, L nebulo, OHG nebul, S nabhas, G nephos, H nepis, D Nebel (fog)
leuk- (light): G leukos, L lux, R luch, A luys, C lugus, E light, S rokas -> L luna, R luna, D Licht -> leuchten (verb)
telp- (space): S talpas, B talpa, R tolpa, K tsalp, Ir tallaim

Times of day

aus- (dawn): B ausra, OHG ostra, S usras, R utro, E east, G (h)eos, L aurora
agh- (morn): S ahem, Al agoj/agume, G aige, R yug, D tag, OE dagian->dawn
deien- (day): R den', OIr denus, B diena, S dinam, L nundinae, Al gdhinj
vesper (evening): L vespera, G hesperos, B vakaras, Ir fescor, R vecher, W veig
nekwt- (night): G nykt, B naktis, D nacht, S naktis, G nuktos, H nekuz, C nocht, L nox, R noch, Al nate

Seasons

iero- (year): W jer, E year, I yare, OCS yaro, G iros, L hornus, D Jahr
wes- (spring): R vesna, S vasantas, B vasara, ON var, C var, L ver, I vanri, A garun
sem- (summer): S sama, C sam, E summer, I ham, A amar, D Sommer
osen- (harvest): R osen', OPr assanis, W asans, OHG aran, G onopa
gheim (winter): S heman, L hiems, G xeima, C giam, R zima, B ziema, I zimo, A dzmer, Al dimen

Atmosphere

k'evero- (northwind): R sever, B siaurys, L caurus, A curt, W skura, E shower
sneigh (snow): B sniegas, R sneg, OIr snigid, S snihyati, E snow, L nix, G nipha, D Schnee
grad- (hail): R grad, B gruodas, L grando, A karkut
ei-s- (ice): I isu, Oss ix, E ice, D eis >< *ei-n-: R iney, B ynis
sneudh- (mist): I snaoda, C nudd, G nuthon, L nubes
meldh- (lightning): OPr mealde, B milna, R molniya

Wholeness

solo- (whole): L solus, K salu, G olos, A olj, OIr oll, Al gjale, S sarvah, I haurva-
semi- (half): L semis, OHG sami, S sami, G hemi
aiti- (part): I aeta-, Osk aeteis, G aitios/aisa, C aes

Terrain

dheghom (earth): B zeme, P zam, S ksam, G hamai, L humus
ghemel (soil): R zemlya, F zemelo, Thr semele, G hthon
akmon (stone): G akmon, B akmen, S acma, I asman, R kamen', E hammer
gombh- (ledge->tooth): G gomphos, S jambhas, B zambas, Al dhamb, MN kombous, E comb, K kam, R zub
gwere (mount): R gora, B giria, S giris, I gairi, G deiros, Al gur, A ler
agras (field): S ajrah, G agros/agrestis, L ager, W akrs, E acre, A art, D Acker
lendh- (steppe): OPr lindan, E land, Ir lann, R lyada, D Land
gues- (forest): L vespice, OHG questa, Nw kvas, R khvorost, Az gvozd, S guspita, Al gethi
leug- (puddle): B liugas, R luja, G lugaios, Il lugas, Al legate, C Lugu-dunum
lat- (swamp): G latas, B Latuva, C are-late, OIr laith, D letten
mori- (bog): R more, C more, B marios, L mare, OHG meri, S maryada, E marsh, D moor
laku- (pond): G lakkos, L lacus/lacuna, OHG lagu, OS lokva, Ir loch, A lich (lake)
eghero- (lake): B ezeras, OCS ezero, R ozero, Il oseriates, G aheron
akwa- (river): L aqua, R Oka, W aha, OHG aha, D ache
wedor (water): E water, R voda, MN bedu, G hydor, B vanduo, L unda, S udan
poimno- (foam): L pumex/spuma, B spaine, S phena, R pena, E foam, Oss fink

Fire

paewr- (bonfire): K puwar, H pahhur, K por, G pur/pyre/pyrite, ON furr, E fire, R pyrey
egni- (fire): S Agni-s, H agnis, L ignis, B ugnis/agnus, OCS ogn'
dhum- (smoke): S dhumas, B dumai, R dym, OHG toum, L fumus, G fumos
pers- (dust): OCS perst', K pars-, I parsuya, B parsla, ON fors, H pappars, S prsati

Parts of trees

deru- (tree): S daru, A dzar, B derva, C dervo, R drevo, E tree/true, H taru, G doru/drys, L larix
guozdh- (stalk): R gvozd, D quast, L hasta, ON kuistr, C gat/both
k'ak- (branch): C cainc, A chux, B saka, S sakha, R sokha/po-sokh, Al theke, W hoha
dheregh- (thorn): B drigne, C draigen, S draksa, G terthnos, Uk deren, R tern, S trnam, W taurnus, E thorn
wred- (root): R vred, S vardhati, E wart/wort/root, D wurzel, L radix/ramus, G rhiza,
gwet-l (resin): D kitt, S jatu, C bedw, L betulla/bitumen
kolei- (glue): G kolla, ONG helen, B klejai, R kley

Kinds of trees

bhago- (beech): OHG buohha, L fagus, G phygos
perk- (oak): B perkunas, S parkati, C perth, L quercus, ON fura
bhereg- (birch): R bereza, B berzas, Oss bharza, S bhurjas, OHG birihha, ON bjork, L fraxinus, D Birke
klen- (maple): R klen, C kelyn, ON hlynr, B klevas, MN klino-trokhon
ol- (alder): L alnus, B alksnis, R olkha, MN alixa, ON alr, OHG elira
aps- (ash): B apse, R opsa->osina, OHG aspa->ash, I awsak
eywo- (yew): E yew, B ieva, R iva, C iva, A aigi
grabh- (hornbeam): R grab, B grabis, MN grabion
wygh- (elm): Al vith/vidhe, R vyaz, B viksna
lyp- (linden): R lipa, B liepa, C llwyf
gheluna (pine): G heluno->heilos, A jelun, ON giolnar, Sw gael
elwn- (cedar): R el', B addle/egle, L ebulus, C odocos
koslo- (hazel): B kasulas, E hazel, D Hasel, L corulus, C coll
ar- (nut): R orekh, Al arre, G arna
abl- (apple): E apple, R yabloko, OI uball, C aballo, B obelis, D Apfel
ker- (cherry): G kranos/kerasos, B keras/kirna, R cherenok/koren', D Kirsche
rap- (turnip): R repa, B rope, OHG raba, L rapum, G rapus
krem- (onion): G kremeon, Ir crema, OE hramsan->ramsons, B kermuse/cermauksis, R черемуха/черемица
og- (berry): K oko, B uoga, OS jaga, OCS vin-yaga, R yagoda, W akran, E acorn
moro- (blackberry): G moron, A mor, L morum, C merwydden, E mulberry
k'olmos (reed): G kalamos, K kulmants, L culmus, E haulm, OPr salme, R soloma
koino- (grass): G koina, A khot, L sienas, R seno

Insects

morvi- (ant): OCS mravie, Ir moirb, I maoiri, S vamras, L formica, G murmes, ON maurr, B merva, A mrchun
bhei- (bee): E bee, B bitis, Ir bech, R bcela->pchela, L fucus, D Biene
wopsa (wasp): B vapsa, OHG wafsa, L vespa, E wasp, R vosa->osa, S gvabz, I vawzaka, C guahi, D Wespe
mu- (fly): B muse, L musca, R mukha, OHG mugga, Al mize, G muia, A mun, D Mücke
blousa (flea): B blusa, R blokha, Af vraza, A lu, S buha, G psulla, Al plesht, L pulex
knid- (louse): R gnida, B gnida, C nedd, D gneis, G konis, Al theni, A anic
kwrmi- (grub): S krmi, NI kirm, B kirmis, Al krimp, OIr cruim, OCS chermnyi, R cherv'

Water animals

ghdhu- (fish): B zuvis, A dzuk, G ihthos, OS zev'?
laks- (salmon): K laks, ON lax, B lasis, R losos', D Lachs
angwi- (eel): L anguis/anguilla, B angis/angurgis, OHG unc, OIr ung, R uzh/ugor', G imberis
konkho- (shell): G konkhos, L conguius, S sankha
urmis (worm): W waurms, E worm, A vort, L vermis, OCS vermie, B varmas, C gwrm, G romos, D Wurm

Birds

avi- (bird): L avis, I avayas, S vih, A hav, C hwyad, G aetos
eor- (eagle): C er, D ara->aar, A ardziv, E erne, G ornis, R orel, B erelis, H haras
worn- (raven): B varna, R vorona, K wraun, C brana, E raven, L corvus, G korax
trozdos (thrash): B strazdas, R drozd, ON trostr, E thrash, Ir truid, L turdus
aneti- (duck): B ántis, L anas, OSw anad, OHG anut, S atih, R utie, D Ente
ghans- (goose): G honos, S hamsah, L anser, OIr geiss, E goose, R gus', B zasis, D Gans
teter- (grouse): R teterev, B teterva, S tittiras, G tetrao, Ir tethra, ON thidurr, A tatrak
sperg- (sparrow): OHG sperk, D sperling, E sparrow, K sparan, G sparasion, L parra
niz-do (nest): R gnezdo, E nest, A nist, L nidus, S nidas, Ir net, D Nest/nisten

Beasts

ghwer- (beast): R zver', B zveris, L ferus-> E fierce, G ther
maghos (young animal): W magus, C magu-rix, OIr maug, I magava, Al makth, B mac, OHG magad->magd, OE maege->maid
s-tauro (bison): I staora, W stiur, B tauras, G tauros, L taurus, C tarvos, R tur, E steer, D Stier
rtko- (bear): G arktos->arctic, L ursus, S rksa, I xirs, A arj, C art, Al ari
wlkwpo- (wolf): R volk, B vilkas, E wolf, C vail, L lupus, P vehrka, A gail, D Wolf
epero- (boar): D Eber, L aper, R vepr', B vepris >< L vepres, S vapati
bhi-bhru (beaver): S babhrus, B bebras, R bobr, C beber, E beaver, L fiber, I bawra, D Biber
udras (otter): S udras, I udra, B udra, R vydra, G hydros, E otter, D Otter
vever- (squirrel): L viverra, C gwiwer, R veveritsa, B vaveris, NI varvarah
eghi- (hedgehog): R ezh, B ezys, F eksis, G ekhinos, D Igel, A ozni
netr- (snake): L natrix, C nathir/neidr, OE naeddre->adder, D Natter
kat- (cub): L catulus, Umb katel, R vy-kot

Home animals

kwon- (dog): G kuon/cynic, A shun, F kunes, K ku, C cuna, L canis, E hound, S svaka, R suka
ekwo- (horse): L equus, K yakwe, C eqa/epos, G hippos, S aswa, B asva, P aspa
gwou- (cow/bull): S gaus, B guovs, R govyado, K keu, A kov, E cow, L bos, G bous, Ir bo, D Kuh
su- (swine): L sus/suinus, E sow/swine, B sivens, R svin, S sukaras, Al thi, G us/vinos, D Sau
porko- (farrow): G porkos, L porcus, B parsas, R porosya, I purs, E farrow, Ir orc, D Ferkel
ag- (goat): S ajah, I azak, B ozys, OIr ajinam, OCS yazno, R k-oza
owi- (sheep): L ovis, R ovtsa, B avis, S avika, E ewe, G ois, C oi
agwhno- (lamb): L agnus, R agnets, OCS yagn', G amnos, Ir uan, OE eanian
kerw- (horned one): G keraos, L cervus->serval, C carw, B karve, OCS krava, E hart
mus- (mouse): S mus, I mus, L mus, OHG mus, G mys->muscle, R mysh, A muk, Al mi, D Maus

Animal products

owye- (egg): L avis/ovum, G oion, C oi, R yaye->yaytso, D Ei, I aia->aika, E egg
melit (honey): G melitos, A meghr, Al mjal, L mel/mellis/mulsus, C mel, OIr mil, H milit, E mildew
medhu (mead): S madhu, R med, B medus, E mead, G methy, I madu
alu-d (beer): B alus, E ale, OCS ol, L alumen, OG aleo/aleupon
glag- (milk): G gala/galaktios, L lac/lactis >< *sveid-: B svaidit, S ksvidyati, I xsvid
selp- (butter): K salyp, S salbe, G elpos, Al gjalp, S sarpis
suro- (cheese): B suras, R syr, ON surr/syrra, Al hirre
smeru- (grease): OIr smera, G smuris, D schmer
moisos (hide): B maisas, S mesas, I maesi->mes, ON meiss, R mekh
kern- (horn): R serna, L cornus, E horn, S crengam, I srva, G keras->keratin/rhinoceros

Vegetable food

greno- (corn): L granum, OIr gran, R zerno, B zirnis, S jirnas, OHG kerno
peluos (flour): OPr pelwa, L palea, S palavas, B pelavas, R polova, G palo
bhares (spelt): F brisa, L farina, E barley, OCS brashno
puro- (crops): S puras, B puras, G puros, R pyrey, E furze
yewo- (wheat): S yavas, B javai, I yavanha, R ovin, G zeia
urughya (rye): B rugys, R rozh, ON rugr, E rye
gherzdh- (barley): L hordeum, D Gerste, A drith, G kri
avig- (oats): B aviza, S avasam, R oves, E oats, L avena, G aigilops
bhabha (bean): L faba, OPr babo, R bob, Al bathe, OHG bona, E bean
eregwo- (pea): G orobos, OIr orbaind, L ervum, D erbse >< *k'iker (pea): L cicer, A siser, Md kikerroi, G krios

Other products

lino- (flax): G linon, B linas, L linum, OIr lin, Al lini, W lein, OE lin, R len, D Leinen
sali- (salt): L sale, K sale, B sals, E salt, G als, A al, OIr salann, R sol', D Salz
gwel- (gold): E gold, R zlato, G chloros, F glunea, L helvus, P zaranya, S hari, D Gold
ayes- (metal): S ayas, L aes, OHG er, E ore

Tools

aguesi (axe): E axe, D Axt, G adzi, L ascia
arqu- (bow): S arkas, L arcus, W arhuazna, E arrow >< G arkeuthos, R rakita, B ercis
aik- (spear/pike): G aikloi/iktea, OPr ayculo, R igla, L ico/icere >< G aihun, OPr aysmis, I isar
ke(n)g- (hook): B kenge, NI cang, Ir cheng, R kogot', E hook/hatchel
skeb- (knife): B skabus, L scabere, R skoblit', ON skepja, D Schaff
skap- (tool): R skopit/kopat, B skaplis/kapas, OHG skaft, G skopelos/kopos, L capus, NI kafad, Al kep
mat- (hack): S matyam, R motyka, L mateola, OHG modela -> C matog, E mattock
mak- (pouch): L makas, C megin, D magen, E mag->maw, R moshna
tuol- (tube): R tula, G tholon, S tunas, OHG dola
tark- (spindle): S tarkus, OPr tarkue, R torok, K tark, G atraktos, C torc, L torqueo, OHG drahsil
gweri- (millstone): R jernov, L girna, OHG kuerna/curn, A erkan, S gravan, C breuan
kwekwlo (wheel/chariot): G kyklos->cycle, K kokale, L circle/circus, S cakram->chakra, R koleso
nau- (ship): S nau, C nau, G naus, L navis, I navaza, A nav, ON nor

Dwelling

dem- (house): S dam-as, I dam, G dom-os, L dom-us, R dom, E timber
treb- (dwelling): C treb, L trabes, B troba, E thorp, D dorf, G teremnon
rebh- (roof): G erepho, R rebro, E rib, ON rif->reef
ghrendh- (beam): B grindis, ON grind, L grunda, R gryada
kantho- (corner): G kanthos, L cantus, C cant, B kampas, R kut, D Kante
ang- (angle): OHG ango, Oss aengur, S angam/ankas, L ancus/uncus, B anka, G ogkos, R ugol
dhwer- (door): A dur, R dver', S dvaras, Al dere, ON dyrr, C doro, G thyra, B durys, L fores, D Tür
gher- (fence): R jerd', OCS grad, B gardas, E garden, Al garth, F gordum, L hortus, S grahas
pent- (road): L pons/pontis, G pontos, S panthas, I fandag, G patos, R pot'->put', E find, A hun
bheregh (fort): R bereg/beregu, GM berg/burg, E barrow/borough, A barjr, S brahant, C bre, D Bereich

Social terms

teuta (tribe): C teuto, Os touta, D "Deutsch", Prs toda
leudh- (people): B liaudis, R liud, OHG liut, G eleutheros, OIr luss, L liber, S rodhati, I raoda-, D Leute
weik- (village): OHG weihs, B viesis, R ves', I vis, Al vis, S vic, L vicus, G oikos
reg- (ruler): L rex, C rix, S rajah, L regere, G oregein, C recto, E right, D Recht
ner- (power): C nerth, Al njer, L nervus, G neuron, S nar, B noras, R nrav
yewes (law): S yoh, L jus, I yaozda, OIr huisse
ala (greeting): S alala, G alala, B aluoti, R ole, E hello, D Hallo
peku- (wealth/cattle): L pecus/pecunia, G pekto, B pesti, S pasu, I pasu, W faihu, E feoh->fee, Al pile
mizdho- (fee): S midham, I mizdam, W mizdo, R mzda, G misthos, D miete
vesno- (price): S vasnam, OCS veno, L venum, G honos, A gin, H ussaniya->bazaar
k'at- (quarrel): S catrus, C catu, E hate, OCS kotora, S satayati
koros (war): B karas, I kara, G koiranos, C cuire, D Heer, OE herebeorg->harbour, E herald
veik- (victory): B veikus/viekas, R vek, L vincere/victum, Gl vecorix, ON veig/vega, OHG wigan, Ir fichim
deiw-os (god, i.e. 'shining'): S devas, B dievas, L deus, G theos/Zeus, F tios

Verbs

bheue- (to be): S bhutis, B buti, R byt', Ir buith, E be, L fui/futuros. See also: Indo-European copula
es- (to be): R est', B esti, G esti, S asti, I asti, L est, E is, A e. See also: Indo-European copula
gene- (to give birth): G genos/genesis, L genus, E kin, G kind, N zentas, R zyat', I zanaite, S jajana
gwei- (to live): S jivati, B gyvoti, OSC jivot, R jivoy, L vivere, E quick, G zoion, OIr bethu->whiskey
bheud- (to wake): S budhyate/budhas, B budeti, R budit', I buidyeti, OIr buide, ON bod, G pepusmai
pneu- (to breathe): G pneu/pneuma, ON fnysa
kwas- (to cough): S kasate, Ir casad, R kashlyat', B koseti, D husten
smei- (to laugh): R smeius', S smayate, B smaidit, K smi, E smile, L co(s)mis, G meidos, OIr miad
prai- (to like): S priyas, R priyat', B prieks, G praos, I frya, W frijja, E friend, D Freund
leubh- (to love): R lubit', S lubhyati, L lubens/libido, OE lufu->love, B liaupse, Al laps, D Liebe ->lieben (verb)
eibh- (to copulate): OHG eiba, S yabhati, R yebat', Il oibalos, G oibu
sneubh- (to woo): OR snubit', L nubo/nubere, G nymphios
g'eme- (to marry): S jamatar, I zamatar, G dzamos/dzameo, L generis, A amus-nanal
ed- (to eat): B edmi, R eda, S admi/atti, A utem, L edo, G edo, E eat, D essen
gwreugh- (to bite): L grauzti, R gryzt'/grust', W kriustan, A krtz-el/ktz-el, С *brugnos->brwyn
poi- (to drink): R poit', S payate/pitis, G pio, Al pi, L bibo, Ir ibim
leigh- (to lick): L lingere, S ledhi, OIr ligim, G leikhein, A luz-el, R lizat', OHG leckôn, E lick, D lecken
reug- (to vomit): R rygat', B rugsti, G ereugomai, L erugere/ructare, E reek, NI arog, A orcam
perd- (to fart): R perdet', S pardate, B per(d)sti, F perdomai, Al pjerth, E fart, D furzen
dhrei- (to defecate): R dristat', ON drita -> E dirt, B derkti, G dardainei, L foria
meigh- (to urinate): S mehati, I maezati, B mizti, Sl mziti, R mezga, A miz-el, K mizo, G omeihein, ON miga, W maihstus, E mash
dre(m)- (to sleep): R dremat', S drayati, G drathano, OG A tartam, L dormio
suergh- (to be ill): W saurga, D Sorge, S surksati, OIr serg, B sergu, OCS sraga, E sore
mer- (to die): R meret', B mirti, S marati, I miryeite, L mori/mortus, A mer-nel, G emorten, E murder, C marvos
magh- (to be able): I magus->magic, B magus, E maegen->might, mekhane->machine, OCS mogti, D (ver-)mögen
weid- (to see): S veda, I vaeda, R vedat'/videt', L videre, F wit, E wit, A gitem
g'en- (to know): R znat', B zinoti, S janati, I adana, E know, K knan, Ir gnath, G gnotos, L ignotos, Al njoh
ver- (to speak): L verbum, B vardas, E word, R vrat', S vrata, I urvata, H ueria, G eiro/ritor/rothis
k'leu- (to hear): C clu, G kleos, Il cleves, L clarus, B slave, R slovo/slava, S cravas, I sravah -> G Hera-kles, OHG hlut->ablaut, OE hlud->loud
nem- (to count): OIr nem, D nehmen, G nemo->Nemesis, G nomos->economy, B namas, L numerus->number
med- (to advise): C meddu, L meditor/medicus/modus, G medousa, ON meta, E empty, A mit, S masti
gebh- (to have): E giban->give, C gabi, B gabenti, OSC gobina, L habere, OR khabit'
aug- (to increase): B augti, L augur/auctis, G audzo, W aukan, OHG ouhhon, S ugras, K auksu, E waist
dhe- (to give): R dat', A dal, B duoti, S dadati, Al dhashe, G doron
lau- (to acquire): G laia/leia, W laun, R lov, OIr luag, L lucrum, S lotram
mei-n- (to change): D gemein, S menis, R mena, B mainas, OIr moin, L munus->immunis/communis
kwrei- (to buy): X krinati, B krienis, OIr crenaim, OR krenut', K kuryar, G priasthai, A gnel
k'lep- (to steal): G klepto, A khlel, L clepo, W hlifan, Ir cluain, OPr auklipts, B slepti, D klauen
leugh- (to lie): OE leogan->lie, D leugnen/lügen/Lüge, B lugoti, R lugati->lgat'
mei- (to deceive): S mayate, R mayat', B maju, G mimos >< *dhreugh-: ON draugr, S druhyati, I druzaiti, E dream
gang- (to mock): S ganjah, OHG canc, E kink, OG gaggainein, R gugnya
ghleu- (to joke): E glee, B glauda, G hleun, ON gleyma/glaumr, R glum/glupyi
(s)tai- (to hide): S stayat, I tayu-, R tait', OIr taid, H tajezzi, G tetao
dhers- (to dare): S dharsanah, R derzkiy, OPr dyrsos, E durst, G thrasos
kwel- (to launch): E wheel, C cellach, G keleies, B kalti, R kolot', L collum/colere->colony/cult, G polos/telos->talisman
wedh- (to lead): R vedu, A var-el, B vedu, E wed, Ir fedim, Al vjeth -> bride/wedding: S vadhus, I vadu
wegh- (to ride): L veho, E wagon, S vahati, I vazaiti, R vezti, L vezti, Al vjez
bher- (to bear): S bharati, I baraiti, R beru, Ir biru/brith, A ber-el, G fero, L fero, E bear/birth, D burde/geburde
sta- (to stand): I staya, E stand, L sto, B stoti, R stavit', D stehen See also: Indo-European copula
k'lei- (to lean): C cle, L clino/cliens/clivus, G kline/klima/klitos, OE hlid->lid, E lean, A linim, B kletis/slieti, R klet'/sloy, S srayati, I srinu- -> G klimax, E ladder
sed - (to sit): R sedlo/selo, C sedlon, E saddle, OHG sezzal, L sella, G ella, D sitzen
legh- (to lie): R lejat', G lexos, L lectus, OHG liggan, Ir lige, D liegen
ei- (to go): B eiti, R idti, W iddja, S eti, I aeiti, G eimi, L ire
gwem- (to come): L venio, S gamat, I jamaiti, K kam, E come, A gal, D kommen
leikw- (to leave): B liekas, OIr leicid, D leihen, R (o)lek, A lk-el, G leipo/loipos, L linguo/liqui
dra- (to flee): S drati/dramati, G dradomai/dromos, Ill Drava, R drapat', B drebeti, D trappel, A trel
k'ers- (to run): C carros, L curro/cursus, E hurry, G epikouros/sarsai, A kark
pleu- (to flow): L pluit/pulmo, G pleusis/ploutos, R plavat', B plauti, S plavate, OHG flowen, E flue/flood/float/fleet/flight, D fliessen, fluten, fliegen
preu- (to jump): R prygat', S pravate, OHG frowen, G Freude, E frog
suep- (to throw): S svapu/vapati, B supuoti, R sypat', L supare/dissipare
leug- (to break): G lugros, Al lunge, A lucanel, L lugere/luctus, OIr lucht, D luke, B lauzti, S rujati, I uruxti
tere- (to cross over): L terminus/trans-, G terthron/nek-tar, Al sh-tir, H tarhzi, S tarati/ava-tar, E thorough/through, D durch
sekw- (to follow): B sekti, L sequor/socis, OIr sechithir, ON seggr, S sacate
ap- (to reach): I apayeiti, S aptah, G apto, A ap, L apex/apud/aptis, H apanzi, K oppacci
au- (to help): S avati/avitar-, I aoman/avah-, A aviun, C Awo, Ir awell, K aulare
pet- (to open arms): B petys, G petalon, L patere, H pattar, I patana, E fathom/fother
dhegwh- (to burn): B degti, R dyogot'/jget, Al djek, OIr daig, W dags, E day, S dahati, I dazaiti
tau- (to melt): R tayat', Oss thayun, D tauen, A tanam, C tawdd, L tabere, G tiphos, E Thames
steg- (to cover): G stegos, S sthagati, B stiegti, L tegere/toga/tectum, OIr tech, D deck, E thatch, R stog
areg- (to lock): S argala, G argella, Sc argylla, A argel, L arcere, W arka, OPr arkan, H hark
gerebh- (to scratch): R jerebiy, OPr girbin, G grapho/grammo, D kerben/krebs/kribbeln, A kerel, E curb

orbho- (work): A orb, C orbe, L orbus, S arbha, H arpa-, G orphanos, D arbeiten/Arbeit, R rab/rabota/rebyata
se- (to sow): R seyat', B seti, L serere, E to sow, C saithe, L semen, B semens, R semya, D säen
are- (to plow): K are, G arou, L aro, B arti, R orat', A araur, C airim
yeug- (to yoke): S yugam, I jug, H jugan, L jugum/jungere, B jungas, E yoke, R igo, G zygon, C iou
bhel- (to bloom): L flos/folium, G phyllon, E flower/blossom, OIr blath/bile, D Blume
kerp- (to pluck) G karpos, L carpere/carpet, R serp, B sirpis, L sarpio, OHG sarf, G arpagn, E harvest
neik- (to winnow): B niekoti, G neiklon, C nithio
mele- (to grind): R melyu, B malu/meltan, K mely, C melim, E mill/meal, Al miell, L mola/molere, A malem, G mullo
gen- (to press): S hanti, I jainti, B ginti, R gnat', Al gjanj, A gan, Ir gonim, ON gunnr, G theino/phonos, L defendo
deme- (to tame): S damyati, G damnanai, OIr damnaim, H damaazzi, I dam, L domare, E tame, D zähmen
pas- (to protect): S pacyati, K pask, R пасти/питать, L pastum/pastor, G apastos, H pahhsi, OHG fuotar, E feed
sne- (to spin): B snate, S snayati, Ir sniid, E snood/needle, R snovat'/osnova, L nere/netus, G neo/nema
teks- (to weave): L textile, B tukstet, G tikos, R tkat', OHG duhen
syu- (to sew): S syutas, L suere, E to sew, B siuti, R shit'
rezg- (to plait): B rezgis, R rozga, L restis, S rajju, OE rysce->rush
eu- (to dress): S aotra, R obuv', B auti/aviu, A aganum, L exuo/induo
neigw- (to rinse): OIr nigid, L noegeum, ON nikr, D nix, G nidzo, S nenekti
loua- (to wash): G louein, C lautro, L lavere, A loganam, H lauzi, D lauge, E lye/lather
dheigh- (to mold): G teichos, C tais, R testo, E dough, L fingere
pekw- (to cook): Al pjek, R pech, S pacati, K pak, C poeth, G pepsis
kuep- (to boil): S kupyati, B kupuoti, L cupere, R kipet', Al kapitem, G kapnos, ON hvap, OIr ad-cobra
ked- (to fume): G kedros, S kadrum, B kadegis, R kadit'
ongw- (to anoint): L unguo, OHG ancho, S anakti, A aucanem, C amenen
wegwh- (to vow): S vaghat, I vaganti, L vovere/votum, A gog -> S ohate, I aoxta, G eihomai, A yuzem
prek- (to ask): L precor->E pray, K prak, S pracnas, R prosit', B prasyti, I frasa, OHG fraga
gwer- (to praise): R zheret'->zhrets, Al gershas, B girti/giriu, S gurtih, L grates, OIr bard
ghwen- (to sound): R zvenet', A jain, Al zeh >< *svonos: S svanas, E swan, L sonus
k'vei- (to whistle): ON hvina, OE hvinan->whistle, R svist, B svyksti
kan- (to sing): K kan, G kanaso, L cano, OIr canim, R kanyuk, W hana, E hen
leig- (to dance): G ligaino, B laigyti, W laiks, OHG leich, OIr loig, S rejati, Krd lizim, R likovat'
ves- (to feast): H uesi, L vescor, I vastra, S vastoh, C gwest, OHG wist

Adjectives

meg- (great): G megas, L magnus, A mec, Il mag, C maige, Al math/madhi, S mahas, K maka, W mikils
wesu- (good): S vasu, C uesu, K yasi, Il ves, R veselyi B vesels, E wise, I vanhu
kailo- (sane): G koilu, C coilou/coel, OHG heil, E holy, R tselyi, L salvis
kal- (handsome): S kalya, G kallos, E health
k'ven- (holy): B sventas, R svyatoy, I spanyah, W hunsl
upo-s (high): G hypsi, L uxellus, C uxello, Ir uas, R vysokiy
dheub- (deep): B dubos, C dubno-, Il dubris, R duplo, W diups, ON diupr, E dive/dump/dimple, G buthos, D tief
sen- (old): B senas, L senex, C sen, ON sina, S sana, I hana, A hanapaz, G enos
newo- (new): L novus, R novyi, G neos, H newa, E new, S navas, I nava, B naujas, C naue, A nor, D neu
yeu- (young): R yunyi, S yunas, C iouin, B jaunas, E young, I yuvan, L juvenis/junior, D jung
veg- (fresh): L vegeo/vigil/velox, E weccan->wake, E wecca->witch, S vajayati, I vazram, K wasir, D wach
las- (eager): S lasati, R lasyi->laska, L lascivus, B loksnus, E lust, G lilaiomai
gal- (naked): B gale, OHG kalo, D kahl, L calvus, R golyi -> B galva, OCS glava
nogw- (naked): OE nacod, W naqaþs, S nagna, H nekumant-, L nudus, G gymnos, B nuogas, OCS nagu-, OIR nocht, D nackt
bhosos (barefoot): R bosoy, B basas, A bok, E bare, G psilos, D Barfuss
aig- (sick): L aeger, K aikare, ON eikenn, E inkling, B ingas/angus, R yaga
kaiko- (one-eyed): S kekara, B keikti, G kaikias, L caecus, C cuic, W haihs
ster- (sterile): L sterilis, G steira, A sterj, Al shtjerre, OHG stero, Blg steritsa
deks- (right): С dexs, L dexter, OSC desnaya, B desine, I dasina, A djathte, OHG zeso
layuo- (left): L laevus, G laios, R levyi, Il levo, E left, B islaivoti >< *sevio-: OCS shuya, S savyas, C aswy, I haoya

dheb- (fat): R debelyi, OPr debikan, K tappo
pasto- (solid): S pastyam, OIr fastr, D fest, A hast
bheng'h (thick): OHG bungo, B pinguis, K pkante, H panku, G naxos, S bahu, I bazah
tenu- (thin): L tenuis, C teneu, R tonkiy, S tanus, G tanus, E thin, L tevas, D dünn
del-egh- (long): H dalugaes, R dolgiy, B ilgas, L in-dulgeo, S dirghas, I dargam, C dala >< *(d)longhos-: L longus, C loggos, D lang, Prs dirang
mreghu- (short): I muruzu-, Sg murzak, OHG mergi, E merry, G brahea, L brevis
angh- (narrow): G agho, S ahema, I azanhe, R v-yazat', W aggwus, ON ongr, A anjuk, C eang, D eng
gwere- (heavy): S guruh, I gouruh, B gursti, L gravis, K kramarts, G baros, D schwer
legwh- (light): R legkiy, S laghus, C laigiu, G elachys, R light, L levis, D leicht
ok'us (quick): G okos, L ocior, OI di-oc, I asya, S asu-, R yastrit'->yastreb
bheres- (lively): R borzoy, B bruzgus, C brys, L festino
toros (loud): G toros, S taras, C taran, Ir torann, B tariu, R taratorit', A trtrak, H tar-
kwei- (quiet): ON hvila, L quies/tranquillus, R po-koy, S ciram, I syata-
k'leu- (clean): G kluomos/kludon, C Cluad->Clyde, L cluo->cloaca, OE hluttor, B sluoti, R sleza
swad- (sweet): E sweet, G swedona->hedone, L suavis/suadere, C suadu
kuath- (sour): S kvathas, R kvass, B kusuls, W hatho, L caseus, Al cos
om- (bitter): G omos, A hum, L amarus, S amlam, Sk amadzokoi, D ahm, OE ampre, B amuols
ak'r- (sharp): G akros, L acer, B asrus, S asrih, R ostr, OI ochir -> L acus, B akstis, W ahs, R ost'
gheld- (cold): OCS hlad, S hladate, L gelidus/glacies, E chill/cool/cold, I sald, B saltas, D kalt
ghwer- (warm): R zhar, B gorme, F germo, A jerm, E warm, L formus, G thermos, S haras, D warm
gheu-d (liquid): S hutas, G hota, S juhoti, D giessen >< R jidkiy, G deisa, A gijoy
melk- (wet): B malkas, G melkion, E milk, OCS mleko, L mulceo
plak- (flat): R ploskiy, G plas/pelagos, L plancus, E fluke/flat, D flach

Colours

reudh- (red): E red, B raudas/rudas, C roudo, S rudhiras, R rudy/rdet', G eruthros, K ratram, L ruber, D rot
bhel- (white): R bely, C bael, B baltas, S bhalam, F falos, Al balle, L albus, H alpas, D Alps/Elba, C elfydd, R lebed'
ghel- (green): B geltas/zalias, R jelty/zeleny, D gelb (yellow), L helvus, F zelkia, E yellow, Al dhelpere
kas-n (gray->hare): S kasas, OHG haso, Pr sasins, R sosna, L canus
kerbero- (piebald): G kerberos, S sarvarah/cabalas, R sobol', OIr corbaim, B kirba
tem- (dark): S tamas, B tamsa, I tamah, R temen', OIr temel, L tenebrai/temere, OHG demar

References

Calvert Watkins, The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European roots: Second Edition, Houghton Mifflin, September 14, 2000 - ISBN 0395986109

Carl Darling Buck, A dictionary of selected synonyms in the principal Indo-European languages: A contribution to the history of ideas, University of Chicago Press; Reprint edition (June 15, 1988) - ISBN 0226079376