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Sharable Content Object Reference Model

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Sharable Content Object Reference Model (SCORMTM) is a collection of standards and specifications for web-based e-learning. It defines how client side content and a host system called the Run-time Environment (commonly a function of a Learning Management System, or LMS) may communicate with each other, as well as how content may be packaged into a transferrable ZIP file. SCORM 2004 introduces a complex idea called sequencing - rules that specify the order a learner may experience content objects in.

The standard uses XML and it is based on the results of work done by AICC, IMS, IEEE, and Ariadne.


Conformance

Testing initiative was started in 2003. Avilar's WebMentor LMS was the first to receive SCORM certification on 12th February 2003. In December 2004, the US Department of Defense mandated that all its e-learning purchases must conform to SCORM standards. By August 2005, ADL had validated a total of 178 SCORM conformant products.

SCORM 1.0 SCORM 1.1 SCORM 1.2 SCORM 2004
The original version. Proof of concept only. Introduced the notion of Sharable Content Object (SCO) and the API model in which the burden of managing communication latency across the Internet is handled by the runtime environment, not by the content objects. The first production version. Used an Course Structure Format XML file based on the AICC specifications to describe content structure, but lacked a robust packaging manifest and support for metadata. Quickly abandoned in favor of SCORM 1.2. The first version with a real conformance test in the form of a test suite. Uses IMS Content Packaging specification with full content manifest and support for metadata describing the course. Also allows optional detailed metadata tagging of the content objects and assets described in the manifest. Usually works well; both the delivery system and content pass the test suite without cheating, but lacks sequencing and some other desirable features. No longer maintained or supported by ADL. The current version. Based on new IEEE standards for API and content object-to-runtime environment communication, with many ambiguities of previous versions resolved. Includes ability to specify adaptive sequencing of activities that use the content objects. Includes ability to share and use information about success status for multiple learning objectives or competencies across content objects and across courses for the same learner within the same learning management system. A more robust test suite helps ensure good interoperability.
Sharable Content Object/

SCO/ Tagged SCO

Content Structure Format/

CSF/ Tagged Content aggregation/ 

          Block/

Tagged Block/ 

          AICC
Metadata/ 
          Course Meta-data/
          Content Meta-data/
          Content Asset/

Tagged Asset/

Raw Media Meta-data/		 SCORM Sequencing/ 
          IEEE 1484.11.1/
IEEE 1484.11.2/

See also

 

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