- This article is about the encryption algorithm. For other uses of the acronym, see SAFER (disambiguation).
In cryptography, SAFER (Secure And Fast Encryption Routine) is the name of a family of block ciphers designed primarily by James Massey (one of the designers of IDEA) on behalf of Cylink Corporation. The early SAFER K and SAFER SK designs share the same encryption function, but differ in the number of rounds and the key schedule. More recent versions — SAFER+ and SAFER++ — were submitted as candidates to the AES process and the NESSIE project respectively. All of the algorithms in the SAFER family are unpatented and available for unrestricted use.
SAFER K and SAFER SK
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SAFER+ and SAFER++
There are two more-recent members of the SAFER family that have made changes to the main encryption routine, designed by the Armenian cryptographers Gurgen Khachatrian and Melsik Kuregian in conjunction with Massey.
- SAFER+ (Massey et al, 1998) was submitted as a candidate for the Advanced Encryption Standard and has a block size of 128 bits. The cipher was not selected as a finalist. SAFER+ was included in the Bluetooth standard as an algorithm for authentication and key generation.
- SAFER++ (Massey et al, 2000) was submitted to the NESSIE project in two versions, one with 64 bits, and the other with 128 bits.
See also
References
- Alex Biryukov, Christophe De Cannière, Gustaf Dellkrantz: Cryptanalysis of SAFER++. CRYPTO 2003: 195-211
- Lars R. Knudsen: A Detailed Analysis of SAFER K. J. Cryptology 13(4): 417-436 (2000)
- James L. Massey: SAFER K-64: A Byte-Oriented Block-Ciphering Algorithm. Fast Software Encryption 1993: 1-17
- James L. Massey: SAFER K-64: One Year Later. Fast Software Encryption 1994: 212-241
- James Massey, Gurgen Khachatrian, Melsik Kuregian, Nomination of SAFER+ as Candidate Algorithm for the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)
- Massey, J. L., "Announcement of a Strengthened Key Schedule for the Cipher SAFER", September 9, 1995.
- James Massey, Gurgen Khachatrian, Melsik Kuregian, "Nomination of SAFER++ as Candidate Algorithm for the New European Schemes for Signatures, Integrity, and Encryption (NESSIE)," Presented at the First Open NESSIE Workshop, November 2000.
- Lars R. Knudsen: A Key-schedule Weakness in SAFER K-64. CRYPTO 1995: 274-286
- Lars R. Knudsen, Thomas A. Berson: Truncated Differentials of SAFER. Fast Software Encryption 1996: 15-26
- Nomination of SAFER+ as Candidate Algorithm for the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), Submission document from Cylink Corporation to NIST, June 1998.