Utente:Faberwar/Sandbox/1
Fujiwara no Kamatari (藤原 鎌足?) (614 – 14 novembre 669) è stato un politico, statista e cortigiano giapponese durante il Periodo Asuka..
Kamatari è stato il fondatore del Clan Fujiwara: il suo clan di nascita era infatti il Clan Nakatomi, e, figlio di Nakatomi no Mikeko, era chiamato Nakatomi no Kamatari (中臣 鎌足). Poco prima di morire ricevette il cognome Fujiwara dall' Imperatore Tenji, di cui era amico e sostenitore sin dai tempi in cui era noto come Principe Naka no Ōe (中大兄皇子?).
Kamatari era a capo dei Jingi no Haku, religiosi Shintoisti, e come tale era uno dei principali oppositori al crescente predominio del Buddismo a corte e nella nazione. Nel 645 il Principe Naka no Ōe e Kamatari tentarono un colpo di stato a corte, noto come Incidente di Isshi, uccidendo un cortigiano che aveva grande influenza sull' Imperatrice Kōgyoku, di nome Soga no Iruka; a causa di questo avvenimento il padre di Iruka, Soga no Emishi, commise seppuku.
L'Imperatrice Kōgyoku fu costretta ad abdicare in favore del proprio fratello minore, che divenne l'Imperatore Kōtoku; questi nominò Kamatari Naidaijin (Ministro dell'Interno).
Kamatari was a leader in the development of what became known as the Taika Reforms, a major set of reforms based on Chinese models and aimed at strengthening Imperial power. He one of the principle editors responsible for the development of the Japanese legal code known as Sandai-kyaku-shiki, sometimes referred to as the Rules and Regulations of the Three Generations.[2]
During his life Kamatari continued to support Prince Naka no Ōe, who became Emperor Tenji in 661. Tenji granted him the highest rank Taishokan and a new clan name, Fujiwara, as honors.
His son was Fujiwara no Fuhito (or Fubito). Kamatari's nephew, Nakatomi no Omimaro became head of Ise Shrine, and passed down the Nakatomi name.
Three unifiers of Japan were related to the Fujiwara:
- Oda Nobunaga's great-grand niece married into the Fujiwara.
- Toyotomi Hideyoshi's second wife was distantly related by marriage to the Fujiwara.
- Tokugawa Ieyasu's heirs married into the Fujiwara.
Among his descendants were Fumimaro Konoe the 34th/38th/39th Prime Minister of Japan and Konoe's grandson Morihiro Hosokawa the 79th Prime Minister of Japan and is also a descendant of the Hosokawa clan via the Ashikaga clan of the Minamoto clan. {Tokugawa Ieyasu first wife was also related to the Minamoto clan}.
In the 13th century, the main line of the Fujiwara family split into five houses: Konoe, Takatsukasa, Kujō, Nijō and Ichijō. These five families in turn provided regents for the Emperor, and were thus known as the Five Regent Houses. The Tachibana clan (samurai) also claim descent from the Fujiwara. Emperor Montoku of the Taira clan was descended through his mother of the Fujiwara. {Oda Nobunga also claimed descent from the Taira clan}.
Until the marriage of the Crown Prince Hirohito (posthumously Emperor Shōwa) to Princess Kuni Nagako (posthumously Empress Kōjun) in January 1924, the principal consorts of emperors and crown princes had always been recruited from one of the Sekke Fujiwara. Imperial princesses were often married to Fujiwara lords - throughout a millennium at least. As recently as Emperor Shōwa's third daughter, the late former Princess Takanomiya (Kazoku), and Prince Mikasa's elder daughter, the former Princess Yasuko, married into Takatsukasa and Konoe families, respectively. Empress Shōken was a descendant of the Fujiwara clan and through Hosokawa Gracia of the Minamoto clan. Likewise a daughter of the last Tokugawa Shogun married a second cousin of Emperor Shōwa.
See also
- Tōshi Kaden, a bibliographic record
Notes
- ^ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Fujiwara no Tadahira" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 203. ; Brinkley, Frank et al. (1915). A History of the Japanese People from the Earliest Times to the End of the Meiji Era, p. 203..
- ^ Brinkley, p. 177..
References
- Brinkley, Frank and Dairoku Kikuchi. (1915). A History of the Japanese People from the Earliest Times to the End of the Meiji Era. New York: Encyclopædia Britannica. OCLC 413099
- Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 10-ISBN 0-674-01753-6; 13-ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; OCLC 58053128
- Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Nihon Odai Ichiran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691