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ベイクウェル

イングランドの町

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曖昧さ回避 この項目では、Bakewell (disambiguation)について説明しています。Bakewell (disambiguation)のその他の用法については「ベイクウェル (曖昧さ回避)」をご覧ください。
曖昧さ回避 the unincorporated community in Tennesseeについては「Bakewell, Tennessee」をご覧ください。

ベイクウェルは、地元の菓子ベイクウェルプディング（よくベイクウェルタルトと間違える）でよく知られているイングランド、ダービーシャーのダービーシャー・デール地区にある小さい市場町で行政教区である。ベイクウェルはシェフィールドの約13マイル（21km）南西のワイ川の岸に位置している。2011年の国勢調査においてベイクウェルの行政教区の人口は3949人であった[1]。ベイクウェルはチャッツワース・ハウスとハドンホールの観光地に近い。

ベイクウェル

ベイクウェルの繁華街

ダービーシャー内のベイクウェル行政教区の表示
ベイクウェルの位置（イギリス内）
ベイクウェル
ベイクウェル
イギリスにおけるベイクウェルの位置
人口3,949人 [1]
英式座標
SK2168
教区
  • ベイクウェル
非都市ディストリクト
  • ダービーシャー・デール
シャイア・カウンティ
構成国イングランドの旗 イングランド
国イギリスの旗 イギリス
郵便地域ベイクウェル
郵便番号DE45
市外局番01629
欧州議会東中部
英国議会
  • ダービーシャー・デール
場所一覧
イギリス
イングランド
北緯53度12分47秒 西経1度40分41秒 / 北緯53.213度 西経1.678度 / 53.213; -1.678座標: 北緯53度12分47秒 西経1度40分41秒 / 北緯53.213度 西経1.678度 / 53.213; -1.678

歴史

Although there is evidence of earlier settlements in the area, Bakewell itself was probably founded in Anglo Saxon times, when Bakewell was in the Anglian kingdom of Mercia. The name Bakewell means a spring or stream of a man named Badeca (or Beadeca[2]) and derives from this personal name plus the Old English wella.[3] Bakewell Parish Church, a Grade I listed building, was founded in 920 and has a 9th-century cross in the churchyard. The present church was constructed in the 12th and 13th centuries but was virtually rebuilt in the 1840s by William Flockton.[4] By Norman times Bakewell had gained some importance: the town and its church (having two priests) being mentioned in the Domesday Book and a motte and bailey castle was constructed in the 12th century.[5]

A market was established in 1254, and Bakewell developed as a trading centre. The Grade I listed five-arched bridge over the River Wye at Bakewell was constructed in the 13th century, and is one of the few surviving remnants of this earlier period.[6] A chalybeate spring was discovered, and a bath house built in 1697. This led to an 18th-century bid to develop Bakewell as a spa town, in the manner of Buxton. The construction of the Lumford Mill by Richard Arkwright in 1777 was followed by the rebuilding of much of the town in the 19th century.

地形

ベイクウェルはダービーシャーの中心部のワイ川の谷に位置する。ベイクウェルは海抜約125メートル（410フィート）の川の近くに位置しており、最も高い街の部分で谷の斜面は約185メートル（607フィート）ある[7]。街はダービーシャー・デール地区にあり、シェフィールドの約13マイル（21km）南西、マンチェスターの31マイル（50km）南東、ダービー の21マイル（34km）北に位置する。近くの街は南東にマトロック、東にチェスターフィールド、西北西にバクストンを含む。ベイクウェル近くの村はアッシュフォード・イン・ザ・ウォーター、エルトン、グレート・ロングストーン、モンヤッシュ、オーバー・ハドン、シェルドン、ローズリー、ペイズリー、ユールグリーヴとバスロウを含む。

経済

ベイクウェルBakewell attracts many domestic and international tourists. Monday is popular with visitors as the traditional market is held in the town on this day. The cattle market is housed in a new purpose built agricultural centre, across the river from the main part of the town. A medium-sized stall market is held in the town centre.

A major employer within the town is the Peak District National Park Authority, based at Aldern House on the Baslow Road. The National Park Authority is tasked with conserving and enhancing, as well as promoting understanding and enjoyment, of the local area.[8] Opposite Aldern House is another major employer, Newholme Hospital, an NHS cottage hospital providing outpatient clinic services to the local community. A campaign in the town, involving local tradespeople, has sought to prevent the establishment of a branch of Costa Coffee in the town.[9]

歴史的建造物

 
オールセインツ教会、ベイクウェル

All Saints Church is a Grade I listed church founded in 920, during Saxon times and the churchyard has two 9th-century Saxon crosses. During restoration work, in the 1840s, many carved fragments of Saxon stonework were found in and around the porch, as well as some ancient stone coffins.

One cross is the Beeley Cross, dug up in a field at a disputed ___location near Beeley and moved for some years to the grounds of Holt House near Darley Bridge. Although only the base and lower part of the shaft survive, it stands over five feet high and is carved on all four faces.[10]

The other cross is the Bakewell Cross, eight feet high and almost complete. It was carved in the 7th or 8th century and shows a number of scenes including one of the Annunciation. This cross may originally have stood at Hassop Cross Roads, although there is no firm evidence for this.[10]

The church contains a selection of cross fragments and carved stones collected by Thomas Bateman and donated to Weston Park Museum in Sheffield before being moved to Bakewell in 1899.[10]

There is a notable alabaster memorial to Sir Godfrey de Foljambe, who acquired the manor of Bakewell about 1350, and his wife Avena.

交通手段

鉄道

 
ベイクウェルの中世の橋

In 1862, the Manchester, Buxton, Matlock and Midlands Junction Railway opened Bakewell railway station. The line became part of the Midland Railway and later the LMS main line from London to Manchester. John Ruskin objected to what he saw as the desecration of the Derbyshire countryside, all so that "a Buxton fool may be able to find himself in Bakewell in twelve minutes, and vice versa." In return for the Duke of Rutland's permission for the line to pass through his estate at Haddon Hall, the Bakewell station buildings, located on the hillside overlooking the town, are more imposing than a small town might be thought to justify, and the Duke's coat of arms are carved into the stonework. Such pandering to the nobility and landowners, was typical of the time, since their support would be necessary to obtain the Act of Parliament, even though the inconvenient high contour of the railway, which forced the station to be placed out of town, was due to the Duke insisting that the line ran out of sight of Haddon Hall. The station buildings are now used for small businesses, because the line between Matlock and Buxton closed in 1968: most of the trackway has now been designated the Monsal Trail, a quiet motor-traffic-free track for walking, cycling, and horseriding.

"Normal" trains now run from Derby via Ambergate only as far as Matlock, and from Manchester only as far as Buxton. There have been repeated proposals for fully reopening the remaining, Wye Valley, portion of the line, which would run through Bakewell and over the magnificent Monsal Dale viaduct.

Peak Rail, a local preserved railway venture, has shown the way by reopening the line from Matlock to Rowsley, a village that is a few miles to the east of Bakewell near Haddon Hall. Reaching Bakewell is just one of Peak Rail's long-term ambitions, and in order to keep alive the intention for a future return of the railway (under one auspice or another), Derbyshire County Council is currently protecting the trackbed from development, (in order of seeing the old railway station fully restored and return to its former glory and use, as it still remains completely intact).

ベイクウェルプディング

→詳細は「ベイクウェルプディング」を参照
 
ベイクウェルプディング
 
Three shops claiming to own the original recipe of the Bakewell pudding

ベイクウェルプディングはたまごとアーモンドプードルが入った中身が豊富なジャムのペイストリーである。ベイクウェルプディングはサクサクするペイストリー、アーモンドのトッピング、スポンジ、ジャムの中身から作られた全く違う菓子のベイクウェルタルトと間違われる。ミスター・キプリングもまた、よくベイクウェルタルトとしても知られる「チェリー・ベイクウェルズ」から作られる。ベイクウェルプディングの起源は明らかになっていないが、一般に受け入れられている話は、ホワイトホースイン（現在はルットランドアームズホテルと呼ばれている）の女主人が、彼女の料理人たまごとアーモンドペーストをベースとしたジャムタルトを作るように指示を残した1820年に偶然に初めて作られた、という話である。料理人は、たまごとアーモンドペーストとかき混ぜたものをペイストリーに入れる代わりにジャムの上に広げた[11]。料理された時、ジャムはペーストを上った。その結果はインホテルで有名な料理になるには十分に上出来で、通常上に粉砂糖がかかった商売の変わり種は名前が広がった[12]。

Three shops in Bakewell offer what they each claim is the original recipe. The Bakewell Tart Shop & Coffee House sells four different variations of the confection, including: "Bakewell Tart", "Iced Bakewell Tart", "Moist Bakewell Tart" and "Traditional Bakewell Pudding";[13] whilst The Old Original Bakewell Pudding Shop and Bloomers of Bakewell both sell a "Bakewell Pudding".[14][15]

名所

  • オールドハウス博物館
  • ベイクウェルのオールセインツ教会

イベント

There are a number of annual events that take place in the town. The Peak District traditional "well dressing" takes place during June in which colourful images made of petals embedded into clay appear at several places throughout the town. The Bakewell Agricultural Show (the Little Royal) is one of the largest covered agricultural show in the UK, and attracts around 65,000 visitors.[16] It takes place on the first Wednesday and Thursday in August at the Bakewell Showground. August also has the Bakewell Arts Festival — a music and theatre event that started in 1997. The Peak Literary Festival is held in the Spring and Autumn of each year. The Spring festival starts on the last Friday in May and the autumn on the last Friday in October. Carnival week, culminating in a procession through the town, is held at the beginning of July.[17]

スポーツと娯楽

Rugby union is played regularly in the town by Bakewell Mannerians RUFC, who currently compete in Midlands 2 East (North).[18]

The town is represented by two football teams, Bakewell Red Lion FC[19] and Bakewell Town FC;[20] both compete in the Hope Valley Football League.Template:Update inline

Bakewell has a large recreation park to the east of the town centre, which has tennis courts, children's playground, and football/cricket pitches. In the town itself, and located near to the library, is the municipal swimming pool and gym.[21] Alongside the River Wye is a popular riverside walk.

スティーヴン・ダウニングの例Stephen Downing case

→詳細は「Stephen Downing case」を参照

Bakewell was the focus of attention during the Stephen Downing case, which was also known as the "Bakewell Tart" murder. The case involved the conviction and imprisonment in 1974 of a 17-year-old council worker, Stephen Downing, for the murder of a 32-year-old legal secretary in Bakewell cemetery. Following a campaign by a local newspaper, his conviction was overturned in 2002, after Downing had served 27 years in prison. The case is thought to be the longest miscarriage of justice in British legal history,[22][23][24] and attracted worldwide media attention.[25]

文学において

Bakewell is mentioned by Elizabeth Bennet as the town from which she travelled to visit Pemberley, in ch. 43 of Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice.

テレビで

  • Bakewell features in the last episode of Most Haunted: Midsummer Murders. In the episode the team investigates a murder which took place in the 1800s on Christmas Eve. It was also crowned the scariest most haunted live episode ever, as the corpses of two unknown men buried in soil were found.
  • In 2010 the Rutland Arms Hotel featured in an episode of The Hotel Inspector.[26]

美術館

  •  
    13世紀の橋の5つのアーチ門を一望できるワイ川公園
  •  
    ベイクウェル教区教会の教会付属の墓地にあるベイクウェルの十字塔
  •  
    ベイクウェル教区教会

参考文献

参考文献

  1. ^ a b “Area: Bakewell (Parish), Key Figures for 2011 Census: Key Statistics”. Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. 2014年8月3日閲覧。
  2. ^ Roy Millward & Henry Wardle Robinson, The Peak District (Eyre Methuen, 1975)
  3. ^ David Mills, ed (2011). A Dictionary of British Place Names. Oxford University Press. p. 29. ISBN 978-0-19-960908-6. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=tXucAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA29&lpg=PA29&dq=bakewell+dictionary+british+place+names+mills&source=bl&ots=D1ijd8DpvM&sig=GaGJcuQd0EejxbDWYE-rztoGpBY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=oPPcU66IDOeY1AW7yIFI&ved=0CD0Q6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=bakewell%20dictionary%20british%20place%20names%20mills&f=false 
  4. ^ Historic England (1951年). “Church of All Saints (468201)” (英語). Images of England. 2006年1月22日閲覧。 ( 要登録)
  5. ^ Historic England. “Motte and bailey castle on Castle Hill (1013543)”. National Heritage List for England (英語). Retrieved 15 February 2014.
  6. ^ Historic England (1951年). “Bridge (468011)” (英語). Images of England. 2006年1月22日閲覧。 ( 要登録)
  7. ^ Ordnance Survey (1989), 1:50,000 Landranger Series, Sheet 119 (Buxton, Matlock & Dove Dale area), ISBN 0-319-22119-9
  8. ^ “The work of the Authority - Peak District National Park Authority”. Peak District. 2009年10月29日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2009年10月17日閲覧。
  9. ^ Alexandra Topping "Bakewell unites around tarts to fight off Costa Coffee", The Guardian, 1 February 2013
  10. ^ a b c Neville T. Sharpe, Crosses of the Peak District (Landmark Collectors Library, 2002)
  11. ^ “Rutland Arms Hotel Bakewell”. Rutlandarmsbakewell.com. 2009年12月15日閲覧。
  12. ^ “Mr Kipling Cherry Bakewell tart”. Britishdelights.com. 2009年12月15日閲覧。
  13. ^ “Bakewell Tart Shop website”. Bakewelltartshop.co.uk. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  14. ^ “The Old Original Pudding Company Limited”. Bakewellpuddingshop.co.uk (2011年3月13日). Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  15. ^ “Bloomers Original Bakewell Pudding”. Bakewellonline.co.uk. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  16. ^ “Bakewell, Derbyshire, England”. Bakewell Show. 2011年4月7日閲覧。[リンク切れ]
  17. ^ “Discover Derbyshire and the Peak District”. Derbyshire-peakdistrict.co.uk. 2009年12月15日閲覧。
  18. ^ Oldfield, Joe. “Bakewell Mannerians RUFC”. Pitchero.com. 2014年4月13日閲覧。
  19. ^ “Bakewell Red Lion FC”. 2008年4月17日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。 Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  20. ^ “Bakewell Town F.C.”. 2013年4月13日閲覧。
  21. ^ “Bakewell Swimming Pool”. Derbyshire Dales District Council. 2014年4月13日閲覧。
  22. ^ “The editor, the murder and the truth”. New Statesman (2003年3月10日). 2009年12月15日閲覧。
  23. ^ “Downing murder conviction quashed”. BBC News. 15 January 2002. Retrieved 15 December 2009.
  24. ^ “The new injustices:from false confessions to false allegations”. Richardwebster.net (2002年1月28日). 2009年11月5日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2009年12月15日閲覧。
  25. ^ “In Denial of Murder”. BBC Press Office. 2 February 2004.
  26. ^ “Five TV”. Five TV. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。[リンク切れ]

図書目録

  • Town Without Pity, Don Hale, Century (4 April 2002), ISBN 0-7126-1530-X
  • Bakewell: The Ancient Capital of the Peak, Trevor Brighton, Devon Books (November 2005), ISBN 1-84114-419-3
  • Bakewell, Robert Innes-Smith, Derbyshire Countryside Ltd; 2r.e. edition (January 1994), ISBN 0-85100-114-9

外部リンク

 
ウィキボヤージュにBakewellに関する旅行情報があります。
 
ウィキメディア・コモンズには、ベイクウェルに関連するカテゴリがあります。

Template:Derbyshire 座標: 北緯53度12分47秒 西経1度40分33秒 / 北緯53.213度 西経1.6759度 / 53.213; -1.6759

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