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Zakat

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Zakāt (classical Arabic: زكوة; modern Arabic: زكاة; Turkish: Zekât; also transliterated zakaat or zakah; "to grow" (in goodness), "increase," "purifying," "making pure") is the Islamic concept of tithing and alms. It is the third of the Five Pillars of Islam and refers to spending a fixed portion of one's wealth for the poor or needy, including people whose hearts need to be reconciled, slaves, those in "debt," those in the way of God, and the travelers in the society.

The basis of zakat is given in the Qur'an: "Of their goods take alms, that so thou mightest purify and sanctify them; and pray on their behalf, verily thy prayers are a source of security for them." (9:103)

A Muslim may also donate an additional amount as an act of voluntary charity (sadaqah), in order to achieve additional divine reward.

There are two main types of zakât:

  • Zakât on traffic

(zakât-ul-fitr) is a per head payment equivalent to cost of around 2.25 kilograms of the main food of the region (this may be wheat, dates or rice, depending on the place) paid during the month of Ramadan by the head of a family for himself and his dependents to the zakât collector (amil).

  • Zakât on wealth (zakât-ul-mal) comprises all other types of zakât, such as on business, on savings, on income, on crops, on livestock, on gold, on minerals, on hidden treasures unearthed, etc.

The payment of zakât is obligatory on all Muslims. In current usage it is interpreted as a 2.5% levy on most valuables and savings held for a full lunar year, if the total value is more than a basic minimum known as nisab (3 ounces or 87.48g of gold). At present (as of 12 September 2006), nisab is approximately US $1,800 or an equivalent amount in any other currency [1].

Zakât is distributed among 8 categories of people:

  • Faqir - One who has neither material possessions nor means of livelihood.
  • Miskin - One with insufficient means of livelihood to meet basic needs.
  • Amil - Workers associated with the collection and distribution of Zakat.
  • Muallafathul Quloob - One who converts to Islam. Literally those whose hearts are softened. Some scholars claim this also refers to poor non-muslims who do not have enmity towards Muslims.
  • Riqab - One who wants to free himself from bondage or the shackles of slavery.
  • Gharmin - One who is in debt (money borrowed to meet basic, halal expenditure).
  • Fisabillillah - Literal meaning 'In the way of God', but it is used for Jihad.
  • Ibnus Sabil - One who is stranded in journey.

See also

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