Microsoft Flight Simulator
Microsoft Flight Simulator è un simulatore di volo civile per PC sviluppato dalla Microsoft. Adottato anche da alcune aeronautiche come addestratore procedurale (come nel caso dell'Aeronautica Militare Italiana che impiega la versione del 2004), lo sviluppo di questo software è stato molto aiutato dai contributi perlopiù gratuiti di appassionati o vere e proprie software house.
| {{{nome gioco}}} videogioco | |
|---|---|
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| Data di pubblicazione | Prima versione: 1982 Ultima versione: 2012 |
| Genere | Simulatore di volo |
| Sviluppo | Microsoft Games Studios |
| Pubblicazione | Microsoft |
| Periferiche di input | Tastiera, Mouse, Joystick |
| Requisiti di sistema |
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Storia
Era il 1982 quando la Microsoft acquistò i diritti sulla versione per sistemi IBM del simulatore di volo della SubLOGIC, azienda del primo sviluppatore del simulatore Bruce Artwick, che lo aveva creato nel 1976. Nello stesso anno la Microsoft lanciò il titolo di quello che dopo oltre 2 decenni è diventato molto di più che un videogioco. Già allora il modello di volo si poteva considerare abbastanza realistico mentre l'ambientazione era lasciata molto all'immaginazione, essendo in grafica vettoriale monocromatica. SubLOGIC flight simulators
Animation from Flight Simulator 1 for Apple II [edit] First generation (FS1 for Apple II & TRS-80)
- January 1980 for Apple II - March 1980 for TRS-80
The original simulator had black and white wireframe graphics, featured a very limited scenery consisting of 36 tiles (in a 6 by 6 pattern, which roughly equals a few hundred square kilometers), and provided a very basic simulation (with only one aircraft simulated). Despite this, it ended up being one of the most popular Apple II applications of the early eighties.
The simulator was later ported to the TRS-80 Model I, which had only rudimentary graphics capability. To squeeze the simulator into the TRS-80 limited memory and display, subLOGIC saw it necessary to drop the instrument panel and reduce the resolution. Flight Simulator for the TRS-80 therefore has the most simplistic graphics of all versions of flight simulator.
Later subLOGIC released updated versions of Flight Simulator for both the Apple II and TRS-80 on 5¼ inch diskettes. The updates included enhanced terrain, help menus and a bomb sight.
[edit] Second generation (FS2 for Apple II, Commodore 64 & Atari 800)
- 1983 for the Apple II - 1984 for the Commodore 64 & Atari 800
A screenshot from Flight Simulator II, showing the southern end of Meigs Field in Chicago.
With the release of a superior Flight Simulator for the PC, subLOGIC felt some pressure from their customers to backport these improvements to the original platforms, thus prompting subLOGIC to release a new version called Flight Simulator 2 version 1 for non-IBM compatibles. This version, like the Microsoft release, did away with wireframe graphics for solid colors, and featured real-world scenery (although limited to a few areas in the United States).
It was also this version (FS II) that introduced the whole concept of simulator add-ons, although not in the form it is today, as subLOGIC also included functionality to load additional scenery from floppy disks, thus making it possible for a user to virtually fly in his or her own backyard.
It should be noted that although the versions for the various systems had the same foundation, they differed slightly due to technical limitations of the different hardware in each computer.
[edit] Third generation (FS2 for Amiga, Atari ST & Macintosh)
- 1986 for the Amiga, Atari ST & Macintosh
Although still called Flight Simulator II, the Amiga/Atari ST versions were such a vast step forward that they compare favorably with Microsoft Flight Simulator 3.0. Notable features included a windowing system allowing multiple simultaneous 3d views, and (on the Amiga and Atari ST) modem play. The Mac version was similar, but sold by Microsoft as "Version 1.0 for the Apple Macintosh".
[edit] Microsoft Flight Simulator
[edit] Flight Simulator 1.0
FS 1.0 – This image is of FS 1.0 displaying color on a composite monitor.[2] The game does have support for RGB monitors, but in monochrome only. - Released in late 1982 Sometime during 1981/82, Microsoft obtained the license to port the simulator to IBM compatibles PCs. This version was released in November 1982 as Microsoft Flight Simulator 1.00, and featured an improved graphics engine, variable weather and time of day, and a new coordinate system (used by all subsequent versions up to version 5).
Early versions of Microsoft Flight Simulator were used as a benchmark program. If one's computer could run MSFS 1.0 and Lotus 1-2-3, it was 100% IBM PC-compatible, and if it couldn't, it wasn't.[3]
There were dogfight mode with Sopwith Camel and crop-dusting mode included.
There is a hack available which activates 4 color CGA graphics instead of the default B/W (color, by bleeding) composite mode.
[edit] Flight Simulator 2.0
FS 2.0 – Scenery coverage includes the entire United States. - Released in 1984 In 1984, Microsoft released their version 2 for IBM PCs. This version didn't differ too much from MSFS1; the graphics were somewhat improved, as well as a more precise simulation in general had been created. The new simulator expanded the scenery coverage to include a model of the entire United States, although the airports were limited to the same areas as in MSFS1. However, compatibility with subLOGIC Scenery Disks was provided, which were released in the following years, gradually covering the whole USA, Hawaii, Japan and part of Europe.
[edit] Flight Simulator 3.0
FS 3.0 – Many more buildings and additional aircraft. For the first time users had an option to view the aircraft from the outside. A Cessna Skylane flying over Chicago is shown here. - Released in mid 1988 Microsoft Flight Simulator 3 improved the flight experience by adding additional aircraft and airports to the simulated area found in MSFS2, as well as improved high-res (EGA) graphics, and other features lifted from the Amiga/ST versions.
The three simulated aircraft were the Gates Learjet 25, the Cessna Skylane, and the Sopwith Camel. Flight Simulator 3 also allowed the user to customize the display; multiple windows, each displaying one of several views, could be positioned and sized on the screen. The supported views included the instrument and control panel, a map view, and various external camera angles.
This version included a program to convert the old series of subLOGIC Scenery Disks into scenery files (known as SCN files), which could then be copied to the FS3 directory, allowing the user to expand the FS world.
[edit] Flight Simulator 4.0
FS 4.0 – Now with dynamic scenery, more detailed roads, bridges and buildings. Allowed users to design their own aircraft. - Released in late 1989 Version 4 followed in 1989, and brought several improvements over MSFS3. These included amongst others; improved aircraft models, as well as an upgraded model of the Cessna Skylane, programmable dynamic scenery (non-interactive air and ground traffic on and near airports moving along static prerecorded paths). The basic version of FS4 was available for Macintosh computers in 1991. Like FS3, this version included an upgraded converter for the old subLOGIC Scenery Disks into SCN files and Airbus A321.
A large series of add-on products were produced for FS4 between 1989 and 1993. First from Microsoft & the Bruce Artwick Organization (BAO) came the Aircraft and Scenery Designer (ASD) integration module. This allowed FS4 users to quite easily build, on the fly from directly within the program, custom scenery units known as SC1 files which could be used within FS4 and traded with other users (this activity was quite popular in the FS Forum on CompuServe). Also, ASD provided the addition of the Aircraft Designer Module. Again, from directly within the program the user could select one of two basic type aircraft frames (prop or jet) and proceed to parameter customizations ranging over 4 pages of flight envelope details and visual aspects. Finally, ASD provided additional aircraft including a B747 with a custom dash/cockpit (which required running in 640 × 350 resolution).
Next from Mallard Software and BAO came the sound, graphics, and aircraft Upgrade (SGA). This added digital and synth sound capability to FS4 (which previously was only via PC speaker.) Second a variety of high resolution modes became available for specific types of higher end video cards and chipsets, thus supplying running resolutions up to 800 × 600. As with ASD, the SGA upgrade also came with some additional aircraft designed by BAO, including an Ultra-light.
The final addition was known as the Aircraft Adventure Factory (AAF). AAF consisted of two primary components. First, the Aircraft Factory which was a Windows based program allowing custom design aircraft shapes to be used within FS4 utilizing a unique, rather easy to use CAD type interface, supported by various sub menu and listing options. Once the shape was created and colors assigned to the various pieces, it could be tied to an existing saved flight model as was designed in the Aircraft Designer module. The end result was a two file unit, creating a new custom aircraft for FS4. Thousands of aircraft were designed by users using this utility and like scenery files, found their way onto the FS Forum at CompuServe (the Mecca for FS4). The Aircraft designed was an independent utility in terms of the flight simulator, and one didn't need to have it installed in order to use the aircraft files.
The other Component of AAF was the Adventure module. Using a simple language (much similar to QBASIC), a user could design and compile a script that could be run from within FS4. Many FS4 parameters could be accessed including such things as aircraft position, airspeed, altitude, aircraft flight characteristics, etc. These could then be used to do things like display messages on the screen, play VOC audio files, and even display 256 color VGA images. The end result was that users could create fun adventures to use and share. The Adventure interface is integrated within an upgraded version of the sound driver from the previous SGA upgrade, and thus this driver is needed in order to play adventures. The adventure compiler itself is, however, a separate program. Two other minor utility drivers came shipped with the AAF, one that replaced the transponder digits with the actual framrate, and one that provided correct magnetic deviation within the US scenery map.
Other Add-On products (most published by Mallard Software) included: The Scenery Enhancement Edition (SEE4) which further enhanced SC1 files and allowed for AF objects to be used as static objects within SEE4. Pilots Power Tools (PPT) which greatly eased the management of the many aircraft and scenery files available. Finally, a variety of new primary scenery areas created by MicroScene, including Hawaii (MS-1), Tahiti (MS-2), Grand Canyon (MS-3), and Japan (MS-4). Scenery files produced by subLOGIC could also be used with FS4, including subLOGIC's final massive USA East and West scenery collections.
With its many options and add-ons, yet still relatively tight "in program" integration and overall ease of use, the FS4 suite of programs presented a type of VR Toolkit for users with a flight simulator slant. While complex in some aspects, FS4 environment building options (including scenery and aircraft design) would provide an unsurpassed access to these activities for average users; an option, which in later versions of FS, was much less available and increasingly complex.
[edit] Flight Simulator 5.0
- Released in late 1993
FS5 is the first version of the series to use textures. This allowed FS5 to achieve a much higher degree of realism than the previous flat-shaded simulators. This also made all add-on scenery and aircraft for the previous versions obsolete, as they would look out of place.
The bundled scenery was expanded (now including parts of Europe). Improvements were made to the included aircraft models, the weather system's realism and artificial intelligence. The coordinate system introduced in FS1 was revamped, and the scenery format was migrated from the old SCN/SC1 to the new and more complex BGL format.
More noticeable improvements included the use of digital audio for sound effects, custom cockpits for each aircraft (previous versions had one cockpit that was slightly modified to fit various aircraft), and better graphics.
It took about a year for add-on developers to get grips with the new engine, but when they did they were not only able to release scenery but also tools like Flightshop that made it feasible for users to design new objects.
[edit] Flight Simulator 5.1
FS 5.1 – Adding the ability to handle scenery libraries. Faster performance. Weather effects added (storms, clouds and fog). - Released in 1995 In 1995, Flight Simulator 5.1 was introduced, adding the ability to handle scenery libraries including wide use of satellite imagery, faster performance and a barrage of weather effects: storms, 3D clouds and fog became true-to-life elements in the Flight Simulator world. This edition was also the first version that was released on CD-ROM and the last for DOS. This was released approx in June 1995.
In the fall of 1995 and the release of the Flightshop program nearly any aircraft could be built. The French program "Airport" was also available for free which allowed users to build airports (FS5.1 only had 250 World wide) and other designers were doing custom aircraft cockpit panels. This all made for a huge amount of "freeware" to be released to be downloaded and added to the FS5.1 simulator.
It was all finally coming together in late 1995 and into 1996—a much improved flight simulator, more powerful computers that were becoming affordable, the Internet for uploading/downloading, programs which allowed users to share their "third party" aircraft and scenery with others and finally forums such as CompuServe, Avsim and Flightsim.com to act as libraries for the uploads and discussion.
[edit] Flight Simulator for Windows 95
FS95 (6.0) – More scenery and aircraft. Notice the texture mapped runway, aircraft and sky, and high density of 3-D buildings. - Released in mid 1996 As Windows 95 was released, a new version (6.0) was developed for that platform. Although this was more or less just a port from the DOS version (FS5.1), it did feature a vastly improved frame-rate, better haze, and additional aircraft, including the Extra 300 aerobatic aircraft. It also featured more 3-D detailing, this could be noticed in many places such as Manhattan, Meigs etc.
Instead of using the version number in the title, Microsoft instead called it "Flight Simulator for Windows 95" to advertise the change in operating system. It is often abbreviated as "FS95" or "FSW95".
This was the first version released after the purchase of BAO by Microsoft, and after having physically relocated development of the BAO development staff to Microsoft's primary campus in Redmond, Washington. The BAO team was integrated with other non-BAO Microsoft staff, such as project management, testing, and artwork.
Additional scenery included major airports outside Europe and the US for the first time.
[edit] Flight Simulator 98
- Released in mid 1997
FS98 (6.1) is generally regarded as a "service release", offering minor improvements, with a few notable exceptions: The simulator now also featured a helicopter (the Bell 206BIII JetRanger), as well as a generally improved interface for adding additional aircraft, sceneries, and sounds. Other new "out of the box" aircraft included a revised Cessna 182 with a photorealistic instrument panel and updated flight model. The primary rationale for updating the 182 was Cessna's return to manufacturing of that model in the late 1990s. The Learjet Model 45 business jet was also included, replacing the aging Lear 35 from earlier versions. The Dynamic Scenery models were also vastly improved. One of the most noticeable improvements in this version was the ability to have independent panels and sounds for every aircraft.
A major expansion of the in-box scenery was also included in this release, including approximately 45 detailed cities (many located outside the United States, some of which were previously included in separate scenery enhancement packs), as well as an increase in the modeled airports to over 3000 worldwide, compared with the approximately 300 in earlier versions. This major increase in scenery production was attributable partially to inclusion of the content from previous standalone scenery packs, as well as new contributions by MicroScene, a company in San Ramon, California who had developed several scenery expansions previously released by Microsoft.
This release also included support for the Microsoft Sidewinder Pro Force Feedback joystick, which allowed the player to receive some sensory input from simulated trim forces on the aircraft controls.
This was the first version to take advantage of 3D-graphic cards, through Microsoft's DirectX technology. With such combination of hardware and software, FS98 not only achieved better performance, but also implemented better haze/visibility effects, "virtual cockpit" views, texture filtering, and sunrise/sunset effects.
[edit] Flight Simulator 2000
FS2000 (7.0) – Elevations levels have been improved when compared to FS98. For the first time, a GPS feature is added. - Released in late 1999 FS2000 (7.0) was released as a major improvement over the previous versions, and was also offered in two versions; one version for "normal" users, and one "pro" version with additional aircraft. Although many users had high expectations when this version arrived, many were disappointed when they found out that the simulator demanded high-end hardware; the minimum requirements were only a Pentium 166 MHz computer, although 400–500 MHz computer was deemed necessary to have an even framerate.[4] However, even on a high-end system, stuttering framerate was a problem, especially when performing sharp turns in graphically dense areas. Also, the visual damage effects introduced in FS5.0 were disabled, and continued to be unavailable in versions after FS2000. While the visual damage effects were still in the game, Microsoft disabled them from the game's configuration files. Users can re-enable the damage effects through modifications. FS2000 also introduced computer controlled aircraft in some airports.
This version also introduced 3D elevation, making it possible to adjust the elevation for the scenery grids, thus making most of the previous scenery obsolete (as it didn't support this feature). A GPS was also added, enabling an even more realistic operation of the simulator. FS2000 also upgraded its dynamic scenery, with more detailed models and AI that allowed aircraft to yield to other aircraft to avoid incursions while taxiing.
FS2000 included an improved weather system, which featured precipitation for the first time in the form of either snow or rain, as well as other new features such as the ability to download real-world weather.
New aircraft in FS2000 included the supersonic Aerospatiale-BAC Concorde (prominently featured on both editions' box covers) and the Boeing 777, which had recently entered service at the time.
An often overlooked, but highly significant milestone in Flight Simulator 2000, was the addition of over 17,000 new airports, for a total exceeding 20,000 worldwide, as well as worldwide navigational aid coverage. This greatly expanded the utility of the product in simulating long international flights as well as instrument-based flight relying on radio navigation aids. Some of these airports, along with additional objects such as radio towers and other "hazard" structures, were built from publicly available U.S. government databases. Others, particularly the larger commercial airports with detailed apron and taxiway structures, were built from detailed information in Jeppesen's proprietary database, one of the primary commercial suppliers of worldwide aviation navigation data.
In combination, these new data sources in Flight Simulator allowed the franchise to claim the inclusion of virtually every documented airport and navigational aid in the world, as well as allowing implementation of the new GPS feature. As was the case with FS98, scenery development using these new data sources in FS2000 was outsourced to MicroScene in San Ramon, working with the core development team at Microsoft.
Microsoft Flight Simulator 2000 was the last of the Flight Simulator series to support the Windows 95 and Windows NT 4.0 operating systems.
[edit] Flight Simulator 2002
FS2002 (8.0) – Autogen allowed the environment throughout the world to be true to its surroundings. A Cessna C172SP Skyhawk above the default Meigs Airport in Chicago. - Released in October 2001 FS2002 (8.0) improved vastly over previous versions. In addition to improved graphics, FS2002 introduced air traffic control (ATC) and artificial intelligence (AI) aircraft enabling users to fly alongside computer controlled aircraft and communicate with airports. An option for a target framerate was added, enabling a cap on the framerate to reduce stutter while performing texture loading and other maintenance tasks. In addition, aircraft feature a 3D virtual cockpit, creating an effect a view of the cockpit from the viewpoint of a real pilot. The external view also featured an inertia effect, inducing an illusion of movement in a realistic physical environment. The simulation runs smoother than Flight Simulator 2000, even on comparable hardware. A free copy of Fighter Ace 2 was also included with the software.
Anticipation was high for this version, because of its interactive AI traffic, ATC features, and its release shortly after September 2001. Due to the terrorist attacks of September 11, the launch was postponed to remove the twin towers of the World Trade Center in all copies, and the release date was pushed back to 19 October 2001.
[edit] Flight Simulator 2004: A Century of Flight
FS2004 (9.0) – Featured dynamic weather with three-dimensional clouds and improved graphics. - Released on 29 July 2003 Flight Simulator 2004 (9.0): A Century of Flight, also known as FS9 or FS2004, was shipped with several historical aircraft such as the Wright Flyer, Ford Tri-Motor and the Douglas DC-3 to commemorate the 100th anniversary of Wright Brothers' first flight. The program included an improved weather engine, that provided true three-dimensional clouds and true localized weather conditions for the first time.[5] The engine also allowed users to download weather information from actual weather stations, allowing the simulator to synchronize the weather with the real world. Other enhancements from the previous version included better ATC communications, GPS equipment, interactive virtual cockpits, and more variety in autogen such as barns, street lights, silos, etc.
A service update (9.1) was released on 10 June 2004, that included over 160 bridges missing or wrongly displayed in the original version, with several other corrections and performance improvements.
[edit] Flight Simulator X
FSX (10.0) – Featured new aircraft, improved autogen, and the ability to share cockpits via multiplayer. Here, a Cessna 172 flies nearby where Meigs Field once was. (Using free add-on cloud textures) Main article: Microsoft Flight Simulator X
- Released on 10 October 2006
Flight Simulator X (10.0): Known as FSX, is the tenth and final edition in the Flight Simulator franchise. It features new aircraft, improved multiplayer support, including the ability for two players to fly a single plane, and players to occupy a control tower available in the Deluxe Edition, and improved scenery with higher resolution ground textures. FSX includes fewer aircraft than FS2004, but incorporates new aircraft such as the Airbus A321, Maule Orion, Boeing 737-800 and Bombardier CRJ700. The expansion pack, named Acceleration, was released later, which includes new missions, aircraft, and other updates. The Deluxe edition of Flight Simulator X includes the Software Development Kit (SDK), which contains an object placer, allowing the game's autogen and full scenery library to be used in missions or add-on scenery. Finally, the ability to operate the control surfaces of aircraft with the mouse was reintroduced after it was removed in FS2002.
FSX is the first of the series to be released exclusively on DVD-ROM due to space constraints. It requires a significantly more powerful computer to run smoothly, even on low graphical settings. Users have reported that a powerful processor is more helpful in increasing performance than a powerful graphics card.
This version removed Meigs Field from the game, as the actual airport was decommissioned and eliminated in 2003, and no longer exists
La versione 2.0 (introdotta nel 1985) aggiunse la possibilità di impiegare il joystick, ed ebbe una ampia diffusione, essendo sviluppata per molte piattaforme.
La versione 3.0 del 1988 introdusse le finestre multiple ed i primi effetti 3D, diventando la prima versione ad avere una certa fortuna commerciale, ma la versione 4.0 iniziò la tendenza allo sviluppo di prodotti aggiuntivi da parte di privati ed aziende esterne a Microsoft.
Per poter assaporare una versione graficamente appetibile si dovrà aspettare il 1993 con l'uscita della versione 5, che univa dei modelli di volo precisi con una parte grafica che curava sia gli scenari esterni che gli interni delle cabine di pilotaggio degli aeroplani; in questa versione furono introdotte opzioni come la gestione delle condizioni meteorologiche o le ombre generate dal sorgere e dal tramonto del sole. Inoltre in questa versione viene introdotto l'uso di scenari fotorealistici (seppur secondo parametri diversi da quelli attuali).
Dalla versione 5 in poi i database degli aeroporti si arricchirono sempre di più, le versioni si adeguavano alla veloce evoluzione dell'hardware introducendo sempre più aeroporti, radioassistenze, meteo scaricabile on-line per poter volare virtualmente con le stesse condizioni meteo reali, trasformando sempre più un gioco in uno strumento che permetteva di apprendere i rudimenti del volo con funzioni anche didattiche. Queste successive versioni assunsero anche il secondo nome dato dal sistema operativo (o l'anno) in cui erano state progettate.
Ad oggi, l'ultima versione è quella X pubblicata il 13 ottobre 2006, dove grazie all'intelligenza artificiale, ad una nuova grafica, ai cieli, allo scenario, agli animali (che si muovono e sono una novità in Flight Simulator) ed alle migliaia di aeroporti presenti (gestiti da un ATC realistico), si sono raggiunte insuperabili vette di realismo. Si può anche decollare da una portaerei pienamente funzionante e utilizzare numerose missioni, cioè voli guidati con obbiettivo specifico. Però richiede come minimo Windows XP; non funziona infatti con Windows 2000 e precedenti.
A seguito della Crisi economica, nel gennaio 2009 durante una ristrutturazione interna della società gli Aces Studios (responsabili dello sviluppo del prodotto) vengono chiusi.[1][2]. Nel 2010 Microsoft ha annunciato l'arrivo di un nuovo simulatore di volo, ispirato alla celebre serie di Microsoft Flight Simulator e chiamato Microsoft Flight[3].
Ambiente di simulazione
Durante la simulazione ci si trova all'interno della cabina di pilotaggio (cockpit), da dove è possibile, manovrare l'aeromobile sia con il mouse che con la tastiera, ma è consigliato, se lo si possiede, utilizzare un joystick o un volantino da aereo abbinato ad una pedaliera. È possibile cambiare la vista, scegliendo tra le seguenti:
- pannello strumenti;
- abitacolo virtuale;
- torre di controllo;
- osservatore.
In Flight Simulator X sono state aggiunte altre viste come:
- Osservatore bloccato (una vista osservatore il cui movimento è fermo)
- Flyby (come nelle riprese da un punto fisso)
- Varie parti dell'aeromobile (Coda, Carrello di atterraggio, ala destra/sinistra, Rotore di coda ecc...)
Qualità della simulazione
In Flight Simulator sono presenti quasi tutti gli aeroporti reali, che sono fedelmente riprodotti, così come gli aeromobili e i loro strumenti di navigazione. Anche gli elementi meteorologici hanno la loro importanza e influenzano la navigazione; inoltre è presente un aggiornamento online delle condizioni meteorologiche, che quindi rispecchieranno quelle reali. Infine, per quanto riguarda il volo a vista e la modellazione dello scenario sono state aggiunte aree ad alta risoluzione, l'autogen è stato migliorato, gli effetti di luce resi più realistici e nella versione 9.1 il software riesce a supportare mesh da 19 m. In ogni caso, se non si è soddisfatti della qualità dello scenario e degli aeromobili, è possibile espandere il gioco: in commercio esistono svariati scenari e aerei sia a pagamento che gratuiti che migliorano notevolmente la qualità della simulazione.
Giocare online
Con la modalità multigiocatore di Flight Simulator è possibile volare online ed interagire con altri piloti e controllori virtuali che hanno la vostra stessa passione. Ed è proprio in virtù della comune passione che sono sorte, in varie parti del mondo, Compagnie aeree virtuali. Alcune si rifanno a quelle real related, altre sono di pura fantasia. All'interno di queste compagnie aeree si può fare carriera in relazione alle ore di volo effettuate.
Versioni
- '96 - Si trattava della prima versione di Flight Simulator sviluppata espressamente per Windows 95. Le versioni precedenti infatti erano basate su MS-DOS e funzionavano sul nuovo sistema solo attraverso l'emulazione 16 bit implementata nel sistema operativo.
- '98 - Introdusse la possibilità di volare con un elicottero.
- 2000 - In questa versione venne inserito anche il Concorde, ma la vera novità fu la prima implementazione del sistema GPS.
- 2002 - Arrivò l'idrovolante e il controllo del traffico aereo, gestito attraverso una serie di messaggi pre-registrati che i piloti potevano scambiare (seppur virtualmente) con i controllori di volo.
- 2004 - Questa edizione celebra un secolo di aviazione. In questa versione, sono stati aggiunti voli storici famosi e tra gli aeromobili in dotazione, anche il "Flyer" dei fratelli Wright. Tra i miglioramenti vanno citati una migliore gestione degli elementi atmosferici e delle loro conseguenze sul volo.
- X - Include una grafica migliorata ed è compatibile con l'anteprima DirectX 10 e con le nuove tecnologie di Windows Vista, e richiede come minimo Windows XP con Service Pack 2. Non funziona infatti con Windows 2000 e precedenti. Il simulatore è stato rilasciato il 13 ottobre 2006.
- Microsoft Flight - Nel 2010 Microsoft ha annunciato l'arrivo di un nuovo simulatore di volo, ispirato alla serie di Flight Simulator, chiamato Microsoft Flight.
Note
- ^ R.I.P. Microsoft Flight Simulator, Adieu, su macitynet.it, 24-1-2009. URL consultato il 24-1-2009.
- ^ Tullio Matteo Fanti, Microsoft spegne i motori a Flight Simulator, in www.webnews.it, 26-01-2009. URL consultato il 26-01-2009.
- ^ Microsoft Flight prende il volo in video, su next.videogame.it, 17-8-2010. URL consultato il 19-8-2010.
Voci correlate
Altri progetti
Wikimedia Commons contiene immagini o altri file su Microsoft Flight Simulator
Collegamenti esterni
- (IT) Microsoft Flight XI - Forum
- (EN) Microsoft Flight Simulator - Sito ufficiale
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