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Comparison of functional programming languages

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The table shows a comparison of functional programming languages which compares various features and designs of different functional programming languages.

Name Pure Lazy Evaluation Typing Abstract Data Types Algebraic Data Types Data is Immutable Type Classes
Common Lisp No[1] Partial, simulated with thunks[2] Dynamic[3] Yes[4] Partial, with extension[5] No[6] Not applicable
Scheme No[7] Yes[8] Dynamic[7] Yes[9] Partial, simulated with thunks[10] No[11] Not applicable
Racket No Yes, default in Lazy Racket[12] Dynamic by default, gradual with Typed Racket[13] Yes[14] Yes, with Algebraic Racket[15] Partial[16] No
Clojure No[17] Yes[18] Dynamic[19] Yes[20] Yes[21] Yes[22] Not applicable
Standard ML No[23] No[24][25] Static[26] Yes Yes Yes[27] No
Lazy ML Yes[28] Default[28] Static[29] Yes ? Yes[27] No
OCaml No[30] Yes[30] Static[31] Yes[32] Yes[33] Yes[34] Partial, simulated with parametric modules[35]
F# No[36] Yes[37] Static[38] Yes[39] Yes[40] Yes[41] No
Haskell Yes[42] Default[43] Static[44] Yes[42] Yes[45] Yes[46] Yes[47]
Frege Yes[48] Default[48] Static[48] Yes[48] Yes[48] Yes[48] Yes[48]
Scala No[49] Yes[50] Static[49] Yes[51] Yes[51] Yes[52] Yes[53]
JavaScript No[54][unreliable source?] Partial, with extension[55] Dynamic[56] Partial, with extension[57] Partial, with extension[58] Partial[59][60] Not applicable
Clean Yes[61] Yes, with optional strictness annotations[62] Static with uniqueness/optionally dynamic[63] Yes[62] Yes[62] Yes, except for unique types[62] Yes[62]
Miranda Yes[64] Default[65] Static[64] Yes[66] Yes[64] ? ?
SASL Yes[67] ? Dynamic[68] ? ? ? ?
Elixir No Partial, with the Stream module[69] Dynamic Yes No Yes Not applicable
Erlang No No[70] Dynamic Yes[71] No Yes[72] Not applicable
Elm Yes No Static[73] ? Yes[74] Yes[73] Not applicable
Python No[75] Partial, simulated with generators Dynamic[76] Yes[77] No Partial[78] Not applicable
Candle Yes[79] ? Dynamic[80] Partial, only Sequence and Map[81] ? Partial[82] Not applicable
Idris Yes[83] Yes[83] Static[83] Yes[83] Yes[83] Yes[83] Yes[83]
Kotlin No Partial, lazy delegation[84] and Sequence[85] Static Yes No Yes No
Julia No No[86] Dynamic[87] Yes[87] No Partial[87] Not applicable
PureScript Yes No Static Yes Yes Yes Yes

References

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  2. ^ Antoniotti, Marco. "CLAZY: Lazy Calling in Common Lisp". Retrieved 26 November 2013.
  3. ^ Tratt, Laurence (July 2009). "Dynamically Typed Languages". Advances in Computers. 77: 149–184. doi:10.1016/s0065-2458(09)01205-4. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
  4. ^ "LISP Tutorial Lecture 3: Data Abstraction".
  5. ^ "Algebraic data types in Common Lisp". Retrieved 11 May 2020.
  6. ^ "Mutable Data Structures" (PDF). Retrieved 28 November 2013.
  7. ^ a b "Similar Functional Languages". Retrieved 26 November 2013.
  8. ^ "(Scheme) 17. Lazy Evaluation". Retrieved 30 April 2020.
  9. ^ "Records - Revised6 Report on the Algorithmic Language Scheme". Retrieved 11 May 2020.
  10. ^ "Algebraic Data Types in Scheme". Retrieved 11 May 2020.
  11. ^ "Programs with State". Retrieved 29 November 2013.
  12. ^ Barzilay, Eli. "Lazy Racket". Retrieved 8 February 2020.
  13. ^ Tobin-Hochstadt, Sam; St-Amour, Vincent; Dobson, Eric; Takikawa, Asumu. "Typed Racket". Retrieved 8 February 2020.
  14. ^ "The Racket Guide: Programmer-Defined Datatypes". Retrieved 8 February 2020.
  15. ^ Griffis, Eric. "Algebraic Racket". Retrieved 8 February 2020.
  16. ^ Buttrick, Matthew. "Beautiful Racket: Data Structures". Retrieved 8 February 2020.
  17. ^ "Clojure Functional Programing".
  18. ^ "Clojure - lazy". Retrieved 27 November 2013.
  19. ^ "Exploring clojure: dynamic typing". Retrieved 26 November 2013.
  20. ^ Engelberg, Mark. "Thoughts On Programming". Retrieved 26 November 2013.
  21. ^ "clojure-contrib, typing example". Retrieved 26 November 2013.
  22. ^ "clojure: functional programming overview". Retrieved 26 November 2013.
  23. ^ "Introduction to Functional Programming" (PDF). Retrieved 26 November 2013.
  24. ^ "Lazy and Eager Evaluation" (PDF). Retrieved 26 November 2013.
  25. ^ Harper, MacQueen, Milner. "Standard ML" (PDF). Section 3.6.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  26. ^ Wikibooks:Standard ML Programming/Types
  27. ^ a b "Mutable and optional data". Retrieved 28 November 2013.
  28. ^ a b "The Interactive Lazy ML System". Retrieved 15 December 2013.
  29. ^ "A Compiler for Lazy ML". Retrieved 15 December 2013.
  30. ^ a b "Functional Programming – OCaml". Retrieved 26 November 2013.
  31. ^ Hickey, Jason. "Introduction to Objective Caml" (PDF). Section 2.4. Cambridge University Press. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 October 2013. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
  32. ^ "Type and exception definitions".
  33. ^ "Learn OCaml - Data Types".
  34. ^ "Learn OCaml - Imperative Features".
  35. ^ "Implementing Type-Classes as OCaml Modules". Retrieved 11 May 2020.
  36. ^ "Learning F#". Retrieved 6 December 2013.
  37. ^ "Lazy Computations (F#)". Microsoft Developer Network. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
  38. ^ "About F#". Retrieved 26 November 2013.
  39. ^ "Structures - F#". Retrieved 11 May 2020.
  40. ^ "Discriminated Unions".
  41. ^ "The F# 3.0 Language Specification: 1.1.2 Making Data Simple" (PDF). Retrieved 26 November 2013.
  42. ^ a b "Haskell Wiki". Retrieved 26 November 2013.
  43. ^ "Haskell Wiki Lazy Evaluation". Retrieved 26 November 2013.
  44. ^ "Haskell Typing". HaskellWiki. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
  45. ^ "Haskell Wiki Abstract Data Type". Retrieved 26 November 2013.
  46. ^ "Haskell Wiki". Retrieved 27 November 2013.
  47. ^ "Type Classes and Overloading".
  48. ^ a b c d e f g "Frege Language Reference" (PDF). Retrieved 26 February 2014.
  49. ^ a b "Scala Overview" (PDF). Retrieved 26 November 2013.
  50. ^ "Scala by Example" (PDF). Retrieved 26 November 2013.
  51. ^ a b "Scala Reference" (PDF). Retrieved 26 November 2013.
  52. ^ "Mutable and Immutable Collections". Retrieved 26 November 2013.
  53. ^ "The Neophyte's Guide to Scala Part 12: Type Classes". Retrieved 29 November 2013.
  54. ^ List of multi-paradigm programming languages#Language overview
  55. ^ Tao, Dan. "Lazy.js". Dan Tao. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
  56. ^ "JavaScript Overview". Mozilla Developer Network. Mozilla Developer Network. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
  57. ^ Frank, Thomas. "Add some klass to JavaScript". thomasfrank.com. Archived from the original on 8 December 2013. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
  58. ^ Faubion, Nathan. "ADT". NPM. Joyent, nodejitsu. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
  59. ^ Immutable object#JavaScript
  60. ^ "Javascript Data structures". Mozilla Developer Network. Mozilla Developer Network. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
  61. ^ "FAQ - Clean".
  62. ^ a b c d e Plasmeijer, Rinus; Van Eekelen, Marko; Van Groningen, John (December 2011). Clean Version 2.2 Language Report (PDF). Department of Software Technology, University of Nijmegen. Retrieved 23 May 2018.
  63. ^ "Clean".
  64. ^ a b c "Miranda Official Website".
  65. ^ "An Overview of Miranda".
  66. ^ "An Overview of Miranda".
  67. ^ Turner, D.A. "An Implementation of SASL". University of St. Andrews, Department of Computer Science Technical Report. TR/75/4.
  68. ^ Kahn, Gilles; Bertot, Yves; Huet, Gérard; Lévy, Jean-Jacques; Plotkin, Gordon (2009-09-24). Kahn networks at the dawn of functional programming. ISBN 9780521518253.
  69. ^ "Stream - Elixir v.1.6.0".
  70. ^ "Erlang Reference Manual". Retrieved 27 November 2013.
  71. ^ "Erlang Programming Language - Abstract Patterns".
  72. ^ "Stack Overflow - How do I modify a record in erlang?". Retrieved 15 December 2013.
  73. ^ a b "Elm Blog - Interactive Programming". Archived from the original on 6 October 2013. Retrieved 29 November 2013.
  74. ^ "Elm Syntax - Algebraic Data Types". Archived from the original on 13 March 2016. Retrieved 29 November 2013.
  75. ^ "Functional Programming in Python".
  76. ^ "What is Python?".
  77. ^ "Abstract Data Types and Stacks" (PDF).
  78. ^ Immutable object#Python
  79. ^ "Candle Overview". Retrieved 30 November 2013.
  80. ^ "Candle Overview".
  81. ^ "Candle Date Model Reference". Retrieved 30 November 2013.
  82. ^ "Candle's Procedural Design". Retrieved 30 November 2013.
  83. ^ a b c d e f g "Idris Overview". Retrieved 6 December 2013.
  84. ^ "Kotlin - Delegated Properties".
  85. ^ "kotlin-stdlib - kotlin.sequences".
  86. ^ "Noteworthy Differences from Other Languages - The Julia Language".
  87. ^ a b c "Types - The Julia Language".
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