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User:Femto/elements e1

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This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Femto (talk | contribs) at 14:22, 11 March 2005 (masses, radii). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.



hydrogen

1 ??? ← hydrogen → helium
???
↑
H
↓
Li
 
General
Name, Symbol, Number hydrogen, H, 1
Chemical series nonmetals
Group, Period, Block 1, 1, s
Density 0.0899 kg/m³
Mohs hardness ???
Appearance colorless
File:H,1 .jpg
Atomic properties
Atomic mass 1.00794(7) g/mol
Atomic radius (calc.) 25 pm ( 53 pm)
Covalent radius 37 pm
Van der Waals radius 120 pm
Electron configuration 1s1
Electrons per shell 1
Oxidation states 1 (amphoteric)
Crystal structure hexagonal
Physical properties
Phase gas
Magnetic ordering ???
Melting point 14.025 K
(-259 °C, -434 °F)
Boiling point 20.268 K
(-253 °C, -423 °F) 		Molar volume 11.42 cm³/mol
Heat of vaporization 0.44936 kJ/mol
Heat of fusion 0.05868 kJ/mol Vapor pressure 209 Pa at 23 K
Speed of sound1270 m/s at 298 K
Miscellaneous
Electronegativity 2.2 (Pauling scale)
Specific heat capacity 14304 J/(kg·K)
Electrical conductivity ??? S/m
Thermal conductivity 0.1815 W/(m·K)
1st ionization potential 1312 kJ/mol

Notable isotopes

Main article: [[Isotopes of {{{isotopesof}}}]]
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP
1H 99.985% H is stable with 0 neutrons
2H 0.015% H is stable with 1 neutrons
3H syn 12.33 y β- 0.019 3He
4H syn unknown n 2.910 3H

References


helium

2 hydrogen ← helium → -
???
↑
He
↓
Ne
 
General
Name, Symbol, Number helium, He, 2
Atomic mass 4.002602(2) g/mol
Chemical series noble gases
Group, Period, Block 18, 1, p
Density ??? kg/m³
Appearance colorless
File:He,2 .jpg
Boiling point 4.22 K
(-269 °C, -452 °F)
Specific heat capacity 5193 J/(kg·K)
Thermal conductivity 0.152 W/(m·K)
Heat of vaporization 0.0845 kJ/mol
Heat of fusion 5.230 kJ/mol
Electron configuration [He]
Electrons per shell 2
1st ionization potential 2372.3 kJ/mol
2nd ionization potential 5250.5 kJ/mol
Atomic radius (calc.) ??? pm ( 31 pm)
Covalent radius 32 pm
Van der Waals radius 140 pm Molar volume 21.0 cm³/mol
Crystal structure hexagonal
Notable isotopes
Main article: [[Isotopes of {{{isotopesof}}}]]
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP
3He 0.000137% He is stable with 1 neutrons
4He 99.999863% He is stable with 2 neutrons
6He syn 806.7 ms β- 3.508 6Li
References


lithium

3 - ← lithium → beryllium
H
↑
Li
↓
Na
 
General
Name, Symbol, Number lithium, Li, 3
Chemical series alkali metals
Group, Period, Block 1, 2, s
Density 535 kg/m³
Mohs hardness 0.6
Appearance silvery white/grey
File:Li,3 .jpg
Atomic properties
Atomic mass 6.941(2) g/mol
Atomic radius (calc.) 145 pm ( 167 pm)
Covalent radius 134 pm
Van der Waals radius 182 pm
Electron configuration [He] 2s1
Electrons per shell 2, 1
Oxidation states 1 (strong base)
Crystal structure cubic body centered
Physical properties
Phase solid
Magnetic ordering nonmagnetic
Melting point 453.69 K
(181 °C, 357 °F)
Boiling point 1615 K
(1342 °C, 2447 °F) 		Molar volume 13.02 cm³/mol
Heat of vaporization 145.92 kJ/mol
Heat of fusion 3 kJ/mol Vapor pressure 1.63×10-8 Pa at 453.7 K
Speed of sound6000 m/s at 293 K
Miscellaneous
Electronegativity 0.98 (Pauling scale)
Specific heat capacity 3582 J/(kg·K)
Electrical conductivity 10.8 MS/m
Thermal conductivity 84.7 W/(m·K)
1st ionization potential 520.2 kJ/mol
2nd ionization potential 7298.1 kJ/mol
3rd ionization potential 11815.0 kJ/mol

Notable isotopes

Main article: [[Isotopes of {{{isotopesof}}}]]
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP
6Li 7.5% Li is stable with 3 neutrons
7Li 92.5% Li is stable with 4 neutrons
8Li syn 838 ms β- 16.004 8Be

References


beryllium

4 lithium ← beryllium → boron
???
↑
Be
↓
Mg
 
General
Name, Symbol, Number beryllium, Be, 4
Chemical series alkaline earth metals
Group, Period, Block 2, 2, s
Density 1848 kg/m³
Mohs hardness 5.5
Appearance white-gray metallic
File:Be,4 .jpg
Atomic properties
Atomic mass 9.012182(3) g/mol
Atomic radius (calc.) 105 pm ( 112 pm)
Covalent radius 90 pm
Van der Waals radius no data
Electron configuration [He] 2s2
Electrons per shell 2, 2
Oxidation states 2 (amphoteric)
Crystal structure hexagonal
Physical properties
Phase solid
Magnetic ordering diamagnetic
Melting point 1551.15 K
(1278 °C, 2332 °F)
Boiling point 3243.15 K
(2970 °C, 5378 °F) 		Molar volume 4.85 cm³/mol
Heat of vaporization 292.40 kJ/mol
Heat of fusion 12.20 kJ/mol Vapor pressure 4180 Pa at ??? K
Speed of soundno data
Miscellaneous
Electronegativity 1.57 (Pauling scale)
Specific heat capacity 1825 J/(kg·K)
Electrical conductivity 31.3 MS/m
Thermal conductivity 201 W/(m·K)
1st ionization potential 899.5 kJ/mol
2nd ionization potential 1757.1 kJ/mol
3rd ionization potential 14848.7 kJ/mol

Notable isotopes

Main article: [[Isotopes of {{{isotopesof}}}]]
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP
7Be syn 53.12 days ε 0.862 7Li
9Be 100% Be is stable with 5 neutrons
10Be trace 1.51×106y beta- 0.556 10B

References


boron

5 beryllium ← boron → carbon
???
↑
B
↓
Al
 
General
Name, Symbol, Number boron, B, 5
Chemical series metalloids
Group, Period, Block 13, 2, p
Density 2460 kg/m³
Mohs hardness 9.3
Appearance black
File:B,5 .jpg
Atomic properties
Atomic mass 10.811(7) g/mol
Atomic radius (calc.) 85 pm ( 87 pm)
Covalent radius 82 pm
Van der Waals radius no data
Electron configuration [He] 2s2 2p1
Electrons per shell 2, 3
Oxidation states 3 (mildly acidic)
Crystal structure rhombohedral
Physical properties
Phase solid
Magnetic ordering nonmagnetic
Melting point 2349 K
(2076 °C, 3769 °F)
Boiling point 4200 K
(3927 °C, 7100 °F) 		Molar volume 4.39 cm³/mol
Heat of vaporization 489.7 kJ/mol
Heat of fusion 50.2 kJ/mol Vapor pressure 0.348 Pa at 2573 K
Speed of sound16200 m/s at 293 K
Miscellaneous
Electronegativity 2.04 (Pauling scale)
Specific heat capacity 1026 J/(kg·K)
Electrical conductivity 1.0×10-4 S/m
Thermal conductivity 27.4 W/(m·K)
1st ionization potential 800.6 kJ/mol
2nd ionization potential 2427.1 kJ/mol
3rd ionization potential 3659.7 kJ/mol
4th ionization potential 25025.8 kJ/mol
5th ionization potential 32826.7 kJ/mol

Notable isotopes

Main article: [[Isotopes of {{{isotopesof}}}]]
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP
10B 19.9% B is stable with 5 neutrons
11B 80.1% B is stable with 6 neutrons

References


carbon

6 boron ← carbon → nitrogen
???
↑
C
↓
Si
 
General
Name, Symbol, Number carbon, C, 6
Chemical series nonmetals
Group, Period, Block 14, 2, p
Density 2267 kg/m³
Mohs hardness 0.5 (graphite)
10.0 (diamond)
Appearance black (graphite);
colourless (diamond)
File:C,6 .jpg
Atomic properties
Atomic mass 12.0107(8) g/mol
Atomic radius (calc.) 70 pm ( 67 pm)
Covalent radius 77 pm
Van der Waals radius 170 pm
Electron configuration [He] 2s2 2p2
Electrons per shell 2, 4
Oxidation states 4, 2 (mildly acidic)
Crystal structure hexagonal
Physical properties
Phase solid
Magnetic ordering diamagnetic
Melting point 3773 K
(3500 °C, 6332 °F)
Boiling point 5100 K
(4827 °C, 8720 °F) 		Molar volume 5.29 cm³/mol
Heat of vaporization 355.8 kJ/mol
Heat of fusion ??? kJ/mol Vapor pressure no data
Speed of soundno data
Miscellaneous
Electronegativity 2.55 (Pauling scale)
Specific heat capacity 710 J/(kg·K)
Electrical conductivity 0.061 MS/m
Thermal conductivity 129 W/(m·K)
1st ionization potential 1086.5 kJ/mol
2nd ionization potential 2352.6 kJ/mol
3rd ionization potential 4620.5 kJ/mol
4th ionization potential 6222.7 kJ/mol
5th ionization potential 37831 kJ/mol
6th ionization potential 47277.0 kJ/mol

Notable isotopes

Main article: [[Isotopes of {{{isotopesof}}}]]
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP
12C 98.9% C is stable with 6 neutrons
13C 1.1% C is stable with 7 neutrons
14C trace 5730 y beta- 0.156 14N

References


nitrogen

7 carbon ← nitrogen → oxygen
???
↑
N
↓
P
 
General
Name, Symbol, Number nitrogen, N, 7
Chemical series nonmetals
Group, Period, Block 15, 2, p
Density 1.2506 kg/m³
Mohs hardness ???
Appearance colorless
File:N,7 .jpg
Atomic properties
Atomic mass 14.0067(2) g/mol
Atomic radius (calc.) 65 pm ( 56 pm)
Covalent radius 75 pm
Van der Waals radius 155 pm
Electron configuration [He] 2s2 2p3
Electrons per shell 2, 5
Oxidation states ±3, 5, 4, 2 (strong acid)
Crystal structure hexagonal
Physical properties
Phase gas
Magnetic ordering no data
Melting point 63.14 K
(-210 °C, -346 °F)
Boiling point 77.35 K
(-196 °C, -320 °F) 		Molar volume 13.54 cm³/mol
Heat of vaporization 2.7928 kJ/mol
Heat of fusion 0.3604 kJ/mol Vapor pressure no data
Speed of sound334 m/s at 298 K K
Miscellaneous
Electronegativity 3.04 (Pauling scale)
Specific heat capacity 1040 J/(kg·K)
Electrical conductivity ??? S/m
Thermal conductivity 0.02598 W/(m·K)
1st ionization potential 1402.3 kJ/mol
2nd ionization potential 2856 kJ/mol
3rd ionization potential 4578.1 kJ/mol
4th ionization potential 7475.0 kJ/mol
5th ionization potential 9444.9 kJ/mol
6th ionization potential 53266.6 kJ/mol
7th ionization potential 64360 kJ/mol

Notable isotopes

Main article: [[Isotopes of {{{isotopesof}}}]]
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP
13N syn 9.965 m ε 2.220 13C
14N 99.634% N is stable with 7 neutrons
15N 0.366% N is stable with 8 neutrons

References


oxygen

8 nitrogen ← oxygen → fluorine
???
↑
O
↓
S
 
General
Name, Symbol, Number oxygen, O, 8
Chemical series nonmetals
Group, Period, Block 16, 2, p
Density 1.429 kg/m³
Mohs hardness ???
Appearance colorless
File:O,8 .jpg
Atomic properties
Atomic mass 15.9994(3) g/mol
Atomic radius (calc.) 60 pm ( 48 pm)
Covalent radius 73 pm
Van der Waals radius 152 pm
Electron configuration [He] 2s2 2p4
Electrons per shell 2, 6
Oxidation states −2, −1 (neutral)
Crystal structure cubic
Physical properties
Phase gas
Magnetic ordering paramagnetic
Melting point 50.35 K
(-223 °C, -369 °F)
Boiling point 90.18 K
(-183 °C, -297 °F) 		Molar volume 17.36 cm³/mol
Heat of vaporization 3.4099 kJ/mol
Heat of fusion 0.22259 kJ/mol Vapor pressure no data
Speed of sound317.5 m/s at 293 K
Miscellaneous
Electronegativity 3.44 (Pauling scale)
Specific heat capacity 920 J/(kg·K)
Electrical conductivity ??? S/m
Thermal conductivity 0.02674 W/(m·K)
1st ionization potential 1313.95 kJ/mol
2nd ionization potential 3388.3 kJ/mol
3rd ionization potential 5300.5 kJ/mol
4th ionization potential 7469.2 kJ/mol

Notable isotopes

Main article: [[Isotopes of {{{isotopesof}}}]]
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP
16O 99.762% O is stable with 8 neutrons
17O 0.038% O is stable with 9 neutrons
18O 0.2% O is stable with 10 neutrons

References


fluorine

9 oxygen ← fluorine → neon
???
↑
F
↓
Cl
 
General
Name, Symbol, Number fluorine, F, 9
Chemical series halogens
Group, Period, Block 17, 2, p
Density 1.696 kg/m³
Mohs hardness ???
Appearance pale greenish-yellow gas
File:F,9 .jpg
Atomic properties
Atomic mass 18.9984032(5) g/mol
Atomic radius (calc.) 50 pm ( 42 pm)
Covalent radius 71 pm
Van der Waals radius 147 pm
Electron configuration [He] 2s2 2p5
Electrons per shell 2, 7
Oxidation states −1 (strong acid)
Crystal structure cubic
Physical properties
Phase gas
Magnetic ordering nonmagnetic
Melting point 53.53 K
(-220 °C, -363 °F)
Boiling point 85.03 K
(-188 °C, -307 °F) 		Molar volume 11.20 cm³/mol
Heat of vaporization 3.2698 kJ/mol
Heat of fusion 0.2552 kJ/mol Vapor pressure no data
Speed of soundno data
Miscellaneous
Electronegativity 3.98 (Pauling scale)
Specific heat capacity 824 J/(kg·K)
Electrical conductivity ??? S/m
Thermal conductivity 0.0279 W/(m·K)
1st ionization potential 1681.0 kJ/mol
2nd ionization potential 3374.2 kJ/mol
3rd ionization potential 6050.4 kJ/mol
4th ionization potential 8407.7 kJ/mol
5th ionization potential 11022.7 kJ/mol
6th ionization potential 15164.1 kJ/mol
7th ionization potential 17868 kJ/mol
8th ionization potential 92038.1 kJ/mol
9th ionization potential 106434.3 kJ/mol

Notable isotopes

Main article: [[Isotopes of {{{isotopesof}}}]]
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP
19F 100% F is stable with 10 neutrons

References


neon

10 fluorine ← neon → -
He
↑
Ne
↓
Ar
 
General
Name, Symbol, Number neon, Ne, 10
Chemical series noble gases
Group, Period, Block 18, 2, p
Density 0.8999 kg/m³
Mohs hardness ???
Appearance colorless
File:Ne,10 .jpg
Atomic properties
Atomic mass 20.1797(6) g/mol
Atomic radius (calc.) ??? pm ( 38 pm)
Covalent radius 69 pm
Van der Waals radius 154 pm
Electron configuration [He] 2s2 2p6
Electrons per shell 2, 8
Oxidation states no data
Crystal structure cubic face centered
Physical properties
Phase gas
Magnetic ordering nonmagnetic
Melting point 24.56 K
(-249 °C, -415 °F)
Boiling point 27.07 K
(-246 °C, -411 °F) 		Molar volume 13.23 cm³/mol
Heat of vaporization 1.7326 kJ/mol
Heat of fusion 0.3317 kJ/mol Vapor pressure no data
Speed of sound435 m/s at 273 K
Miscellaneous
Specific heat capacity 1030 J/(kg·K)
Electrical conductivity ??? S/m
Thermal conductivity 0.0493 W/(m·K)
1st ionization potential 2080.7 kJ/mol
2nd ionization potential 3952.3 kJ/mol
3rd ionization potential 6122 kJ/mol
4th ionization potential 9371 kJ/mol
5th ionization potential 12177 kJ/mol
6th ionization potential 15238 kJ/mol
7th ionization potential 19999.0 kJ/mol
8th ionization potential 23069.5 kJ/mol

Notable isotopes

Main article: [[Isotopes of {{{isotopesof}}}]]
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP
29Ne 90.48% Ne is stable with 10 neutrons
21Ne 0.27% Ne is stable with 11 neutrons
22Ne 9.25% Ne is stable with 12 neutrons

References

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