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Template:Linked-title is the 175th day of the year (176th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 190 days remaining.
Events
- 972 - Battle of Cedynia, the first documented victory of Polish forces.
- 1128 - Battle of São Mamede, near Guimarães. Portuguese forces led by Alfonso I defeat his mother D.Teresa and D.Fernão Peres de Trava. After this battle, the future king calls himself "Prince of Portugal", the first step towards "official independence" in 1143.
- 1314 - End of the Battle of Bannockburn. Scottish forces led by Robert the Bruce defeat Edward II of England. Scotland regains its independence.
- 1340 - Hundred Years' War: Battle of Sluys The French fleet was almost totally destroyed by the English Fleet commanded in person by Edward III of England.
- 1374 - A sudden outbreak of St. John's Dance causes people in the streets of Aachen, Germany, to experience hallucinations and begin to jump and twitch uncontrollably until they collapse from exhaustion.
- 1441 - Eton College founded.
- 1497 - John Cabot lands on North America in Newfoundland; first European exploration of the region since the Vikings.
- 1497 - Cornish traitors Michael An Gof and Thomas Flamank executed at Tyburn, London
- 1509 - Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon crowned King and Queen of England.
- 1534 - Jacques Cartier makes the European discovery of Prince Edward Island.
- 1535 - The Anabaptist state of Münster is conquered and disbanded.
- 1597 - The first Dutch voyage to the East Indies reaches Bantam (on Java).
- 1662 - Dutch attempt but fail to capture Macau.
- 1664 - The colony of New Jersey is founded.
- 1692 - Kingston, Jamaica is founded.
- 1793 - First republican constitution in France adopted.
- 1794 - Bowdoin College is founded.
- 1812 - Napoleonic Wars: Napoleon's Grande Armée crosses the Neman River beginning his invasion of Russia.
- 1813 - Battle of Beaver Dams : A British, and Indian joint force defeat the U.S Army.
- 1821 - Battle of Carabobo - Battle of Carabobo was the decisive battle in the war of independence of Venezuela from Spain.
- 1859 - Battle of Solferino: (Battle of the Three Sovereigns). Sardinia and France defeat Austria in Solferino, northern Italy.
- 1880 - First performance of O Canada, the song that would become the national anthem of Canada, at the Congrès national des Canadiens-Français.
- 1894 - The IOC decides to hold the Olympic Games every four years.
- 1894 - Marie Francois Sadi Carnot assassinated by Sante Jeronimo Caserio.
- 1901 - First exhibition of Pablo Picasso's work opens.
- 1902 - King Edward VII of the United Kingdom develops appendicitis, delaying his coronation.
- 1913 - Greece and Serbia annul their alliance with Bulgaria.
- 1913 - Joseph Cook becomes the 6th Prime Minister of Australia.
- 1916 - Mary Pickford becomes first female film star to get million dollar contract.
- 1916 - Battle of the Somme begins with a week long artillery bombardment on the German Line.
- 1918 - First airmail service in Canada from Montreal to Toronto.
- 1928 - With declining business, the Great Gorge and International Railway begins using one-person crews on trolley operations in Canada
- 1932 - A military coup ends the absolute power of the king of Siam (Thailand).
- 1940 - France and Italy sign an armistice.
- 1945 - Moscow Victory Parade
- 1946 - Georges Bidault becomes Prime Minister of France.
- 1948 - Start of the Berlin Blockade. The Soviet Union makes overland travel between the West with West Berlin impossible.
- 1949 - The first Television Western, Hopalong Cassidy, is aired on NBC starring William Boyd.
- 1957 - The U.S. Supreme Court rules that obscenity is not protected by the First Amendment.
- 1963 - Zanzibar is granted internal self-government by the UK.
- 1975 - An Eastern Air Lines Boeing 727 crashes at John F. Kennedy Airport, New York. 113 people die.
- 1978 - The first Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras is held in Australia.
- 1981 - What would be the world's longest single-span suspension bridge for 17 years, the Humber Bridge opens, connecting Yorkshire and Lincolnshire.
- 1983 - Space Shuttle program: STS-7 Mission Sally Ride, first female American astronaut, returns to earth.
- 1983 - Yasir Arafat banned from Damascus.
- 1993 - Yale computer science professor Dr. David Gelernter loses the sight in one eye, the hearing in one ear, and part of his right hand after receiving a mailbomb from the Unabomber.
- 2002 - The Igandu train disaster in Tanzania kills 281, the worst train accident in African history.
- 2004 - Habib Dodo, the general secretary of the Communist Youth of Côte d'Ivoire is assassinated by pro-government forces.
- 2004 - In New York, the death penalty was declared unconstitutional.
Births
- 1244 - Henry I of Hesse (d. 1308)
- 1340 - John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (d. 1399)
- 1386 - Giovanni da Capistrano, Italian saint (d. 1456)
- 1485 - Johannes Bugenhagen, German reformer (d. 1558)
- 1519 - Theodore Beza, French theologian (d. 1605)
- 1532 - Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester, English politician (d. 1588)
- 1542 - St. John of the Cross, Spanish Carmelite friar and poet (d. 1591)
- 1546 - Robert Parsons, English Jesuit priest (d. 1610)
- 1663 - Jean Baptiste Massillon, French churchman (d. 1742)
- 1687 - Johann Albrecht Bengel, German scholar (d. 1757)
- 1694 - Jean-Jacques Burlamaqui, Swiss publicist (d. 1748)
- 1704 - Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, French writer (d. 1771)
- 1774 - François Nicolas Benoît, Baron Haxo, French general (d. 1838)
- 1777 - John Ross, British naval officer and explorer (d. 1856)
- 1795 - Ernst Heinrich Weber, German anatomist and physiologist (d. 1878)
- 1803 - George James Webb, English-born composer (d. 1887)
- 1804 - Willard Richards, American religious leader (d. 1854)
- 1813 - Henry Ward Beecher, American clergyman and reformer (d. 1887)
- 1826 - George Goyder, surveyor-general of South Australia (d. 1898)
- 1842 - Ambrose Bierce, American author
- 1850 - Horatio Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener of Khartoum, British field marshal (d. 1916)
- 1860 - Mercedes of Orleans, queen of Spain (d. 1878)
- 1882 - Carl Diem, German Olympic official (d. 1962)
- 1883 - Victor Franz Hess, Austrian-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1964)
- 1886 - George Shiels, Northern Irish dramatist (d. 1949)
- 1888 - Gerrit Rietveld, Dutch architect (d. 1964)
- 1895 - Jack Dempsey, American boxer (d. 1983)
- 1897 - Daniel K. Ludwig, American shipping magnate (d. 1992)
- 1900 - Wilhelm Cauer, German mathematician (d. 1945)
- 1901 - Harry Partch, American composer (d. 1974)
- 1904 - Phil Harris, American singer, songwriter and comedian (d. 1995)
- 1906 - Pierre Fournier, French cellist (d. 1986)
- 1907 - Arseny Tarkovsky, Russian poet (d. 1989)
- 1908 - Hugo Distler, German composer (d. 1942)
- 1908 - Guru Gopinath, Indian classical dancer (d 1987)
- 1908 - Alfons Rebane, Estonian military officer (d. 1976)
- 1911 - Juan Manuel Fangio, Argentine Formula one 5 time World Champion(d. 1995)
- 1911 - Ernesto Sábato, Argentinian writer
- 1912 - Brian Johnston, British cricket commentator (d 1994)
- 1915 - Fred Hoyle, British astronomer (d. 2001)
- 1922 - Tata Giacobetti, Italian singer (Quartetto Cetra)
- 1924 - Kurt Furgler, member of the Swiss Federal Council
- 1927 - Martin Lewis Perl, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1930 - Claude Chabrol, French film director
- 1930 - William B. Ziff, Jr., American publishing executive (d. 2006)
- 1931 - Billy Casper, American golfer
- 1934 - Jean-Pierre Ferland, Québec singer
- 1941 - Julia Kristeva, Bulgarian-French philosopher, psychoanalyst, and novelist
- 1942 - Mick Fleetwood, English musician (Fleetwood Mac)
- 1942 - Michele Lee, American actress
- 1944 - Jeff Beck, English musician (The Yardbirds)
- 1944 - Arthur Brown, English musician
- 1944 - John "Charlie" Whitney, English guitarist (Family, Streetwalkers, Axis Point)
- 1944 - Chris Wood, English musician (d. 1983)
- 1945 - Colin Blunstone, English musician (The Zombies)
- 1945 - George Pataki, American politician
- 1945 - Wayne Cashman, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1946 - Ellison Onizuka, American astronaut (d. 1986)
- 1946 - David Collenette, Canadian politician
- 1947 - Peter Weller, American actor
- 1948 - Patrick Moraz, Swiss keyboard player (Yes)
- 1949 - John Illsley, English bassist (Dire Straits)
- 1950 - Mercedes Lackey, American author
- 1950 - Nancy Allen, American actress
- 1952 - Stephen Pusey, British-born artist
- 1953 - Ivo Lill, Estonian artist
- 1953 - Garry Shider, American musician (P Funk)
- 1955 - Gurumayi Chidvilasananda, Guru of Siddha Yoga
- 1955 - Betsy Randle, American actress
- 1956 - Joe Penny, English actor
- 1958 - Jean Charest, Premier of Québec
- 1958 - John Tortorella, American ice hockey coach
- 1960 - Trisha Meili, the "Central Park Jogger"
- 1961 - Bernie Nicholls, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1961 - Curt Smith, English musician and songwriter (Tears for Fears)
- 1963 - Anatoly Borisovich Jurkin, Russian writer
- 1963 - Preki, Serbian-born American soccer player
- 1963 - Mike Wieringo, American comic book artist
- 1964 - Gary Suter, American ice hockey player
- 1967 - Bill Huard, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1967 - Janez Lapajne, Slovenian film director
- 1967 - Richard Kruspe-Bernstein, German musician (Rammstein)
- 1967 - Sherry Stringfield, American actress
- 1969 - Sissel Kyrkjebø, Norwegian singer
- 1970 - Glenn Medeiros, American singer
- 1972 - Robbie McEwen, Australian cyclist
- 1972 - Denis Zvegelj, Slovenian rower
- 1973 - Alexander Beyer, German actor
- 1973 - Ji Jin Hee, South Korean actor
- 1976 - Louisa Leaman, English author
- 1977 - Dimosthenis Dikoudis, Greek basketball player
- 1978 - Erno "Emppu" Vuorinen, Finnish guitarist (Nightwish)
- 1978 - Luis García, Spanish footballer
- 1978 - Juan Román Riquelme, Argentine footballer
- 1978 - Pantelis Kafes, Greek footballer
- 1978 - Shunsuke Nakamura, Japanese footballer
- 1979 - Craig Shergold, British internet folklore subject
- 1979 - Petra Němcová, Czechoslovakian-born supermodel
- 1980 - Cicinho, Brazilian footballer
- 1982 - Kevin Nolan, English footballer
- 1982 - Jarret Stoll, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1982 - Mark Penney, Canadian film director
- 1982 - Shawn Harris, American singer (The Matches)
- 1984 - J.J. Redick, American basketball player
- 1986 - Solange Knowles, American singer
- 1986 - Philip Hughes, American baseball player
- 1987 - Lionel Messi, Argentine footballer
- 1987 - Arturo Lupoli, Italian footballer
- 1988 - Micah Richards, English footballer
Deaths
- 803 - Higbald of Lindisfarne
- 1398 - Hongwu Emperor of China (b. 1328)
- 1439 - Duke Frederick IV of Austria (b. 1382)
- 1519 - Lucrezia Borgia, Duchess of Ferrara (b. 1480)
- 1520 - Hosokawa Sumimoto, Japanese samurai commander (b. 1489)
- 1604 - Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford, Lord Great Chamberlain of England (b. 1550)
- 1637 - Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc, French astronomer (b. 1580)
- 1643 - John Hampden, English politician (b. 1595)
- 1766 - Adrien-Maurice, 3rd duc de Noailles, French soldier (b. 1678)
- 1778 - Pieter Burmann the Younger, Dutch philologist (b. 1714)
- 1803 - Matthew Thornton, American signer of the Declaration of Independence (b. 1714)
- 1817 - Thomas McKean, American lawyer and signer of the Declaration of Independence (b. 1734)
- 1835 - Andreas Vokos Miaoulis, Greek admiral and politician, commander of the Greek naval forces during the Greek War of Independence (b. 1769)
- 1894 - Marie François Sadi Carnot, French statesman (b. 1837)
- 1908 - Grover Cleveland, President of the United States (heart failure) (b. 1837)
- 1909 - Sarah Orne Jewett, American writer (b. 1849)
- 1922 - Walther Rathenau, German Minister of Foreign Affairs (assassinated) (b. 1867)
- 1935 - Carlos Gardel, Argentine singer (airplane crash) (b. 1890)
- 1947 - Emil Seidel, Mayor of Milwaukee, Wisconsin (b. 1864)
- 1968 - Tony Hancock, British comedian (b. 1924)
- 1978 - Robert Charroux, French writer (b. 1909)
- 1984 - Clarence Campbell, Canadian NHL president (b. 1905)
- 1987 - Jackie Gleason, American actor and musician (b. 1916)
- 1993 - Archie Williams, American athlete (b. 1915)
- 1997 - Don Hutson, American athlete (b. 1913)
- 1997 - Brian Keith, American actor (b. 1921)
- 2000 - Vera Atkins, Romanian-born British intelligence officer (b. 1908)
- 2000 - David Tomlinson, English actor (b. 1917)
- 2002 - Pierre Werner, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (b. 1913)
- 2002 - Dhirubhai Ambani, Founder Reliance Industries Limited
- 2003 - Maynard Jackson, Mayor of Atlanta (b. 1938)
- 2003 - Vladimir Garin, Russian actor (b. 1987)
- 2004 - Ifigeneia Giannopoulou, Greek songwriter (b. 1957)
- 2005 - Paul Winchell, American voice actor and ventriloquist (b. 1922)
- 2005 - Hakham Yedidia Shofet, Former chief rabbi of Iran (b. 1908)
- 2006 - Patsy Ramsey, mother of JonBenét Ramsey (b. 1956)
Holidays and observances
- Fête nationale du Québec, also called St-Jean-Baptiste Day
- Original Midsummer's Eve in Finland and Sweden, although the official holiday is now moved to the nearest Friday
- One of the four Irish Quarter days in the Irish Calendar.
- Discovery Day in Newfoundland and Labrador (celebrating the 1497 discovery by John Cabot)
- Day of the Indians in Peru
- Juhannuspaiva in Finland
- Battle of Carabobo Day in Venezuela (1821)
- Bannockburn Day in Scotland (see 1314 above)
- Bahá'í Faith - Feast of Rahmat (Mercy) - First day of the sixth month of the Bahá'í Calendar
- Quarter days in England
- American Radio Relay League - Field Day 2006
Liturgical feasts
- Feast of the birth of Saint John the Baptist, patron saint of Québec, brush makers and knife sharpeners; also Festival of San Juan observed in Bolivia and Peru, Jaaniõhtu in Estonia and Sao Joao in Portuguese, especially in Porto
- Saint Theodulf
- Blessed Ivan
External links
- BBC: On This Day
- Encyclopædia Britannica: This Day in History
- The New York Times: On This Day
- On This Day in Canada