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Probiotic Probio DR10

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Overview

 
Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 under the microscope

Bifidobacterium animalis lactis HN019, commercially known as Probio DR10™, is a probiotic strain developed by the Fonterra Research Development Centre (FRDC). Selected from a comprehensive screening of over 2,000 strains[1], DR10™ was identified for its unique properties and potential contributions to health and nutrition.

The origin of Probio DR10™ in the 1990s[1] marked a notable development in the field of probiotics. This era saw an increased focus on the role of probiotics in human health, especially regarding gut health and immune function. DR10™, isolated from yogurt—a common source of probiotics—demonstrates its natural adaptability to the human digestive system. The strain was initially isolated from yogurt, a traditional and common source of probiotics. The selection of DR10™ from yogurt not only signifies its natural occurrence but also underscores its inherent compatibility with the human gut environment. This origin is fundamental in the context of probiotics, as it suggests a natural symbiosis between the bacteria and the human digestive system.

A significant advancement in the understanding of DR10™ came with the publication of its complete genomic sequence in 2018[2]. This detailed genetic information has been essential in ensuring quality control, safety, and purity of the strain, which is critical in the probiotic industry where efficacy and safety are paramount. The adaptability of Probio DR10™ is evidenced by its incorporation into a range of products across the food and beverage, dietary supplement, and pharmaceutical industries[3]. This reflects the strain's stability and ability[3][4] to retain its beneficial properties in various product forms.

The distinction of Probio DR10™ lies in the scientific research and clinical trials that support its beneficial impact on gut health and immune support[5]. This research aligns with the growing interest in functional foods and health supplements, and contributes to the broader understanding of specific probiotic strains and their health benefits. Some of the products from Fonterra that contain Probio DR10™ are Anmum Essential Gold and Anmum Materna for the Malaysian market.

Genomic Insights and Research

The scientific milestone in the journey of DR10™ was the publication of its complete genomic sequence in 2018[2]. This development was significant for several reasons:

Understanding the Genetic Makeup of Bifidobacterium animalis lactis HN019 (DR10™)

The elucidation of the genomic sequence of Bifidobacterium animalis lactis HN019, or Probio DR10™, has been a transformative step in probiotic research, offering a detailed map of the strain's genetic material. This comprehensive understanding is crucial for several reasons:

Identification of Key Genes

The complete genomic sequence of DR10™ allows researchers to pinpoint the specific genes that contribute to its probiotic characteristics. This includes genes involved in survival within the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract, adherence to intestinal cells, immune modulation, and other beneficial interactions with the host.

Understanding Probiotic Mechanisms

By examining the genetic makeup of DR10™, scientists can explore the mechanisms through which the strain exerts its effects on the human body. This includes studying how it influences the gut microbiota composition, interacts with the immune system, and contributes to the overall health of the gut.

Enhancing Efficacy and Safety

The knowledge gained from the genomic sequence aids in enhancing the efficacy and safety of DR10™. It allows for the identification of any potentially harmful genetic elements and ensures that the strain does not carry antibiotic resistance genes, which is a crucial safety aspect in probiotic development.

Facilitating Strain Improvement

With a clear understanding of the genetic basis of its probiotic traits, there is potential for strain improvement. Genetic insights can guide the selection of similar strains or even aid in the development of new strains with enhanced probiotic properties.

Basis for Comparative Studies

The availability of genomic data makes DR10™ a reference point for comparative studies with other probiotic strains. This helps in understanding the unique features of DR10™ in contrast to other strains and can guide the development of tailored probiotic therapies and products.

Contribution to Regulatory Compliance

In an industry where regulatory compliance is essential, having detailed genetic information helps in meeting the standards set by health authorities. It ensures that the strain is well characterized and consistent, which is key for regulatory approvals and consumer confidence.

In summary, understanding the genetic makeup of Bifidobacterium animalis lactis HN019 (DR10™) is a cornerstone in probiotic research. It not only enhances our knowledge of this particular strain but also contributes to the broader field of microbiology and probiotic development. This level of genetic insight is instrumental in harnessing the full potential of DR10™ for health and nutritional applications.

Quality Control and Safety

With the complete genomic information, researchers and manufacturers can implement strict measures to ensure the consistency, purity, and safety of DR10™. This is particularly important in probiotics, where strains must be precisely identified and maintained to ensure efficacy and avoid contamination.

Potential for Tailored Applications

The detailed genetic knowledge opens the possibility for more targeted applications of DR10™ in health and nutrition. Understanding the strain’s genetic characteristics allows for its optimal use in various dietary supplements and functional foods, ensuring that its benefits are maximally utilized.

Benefits of Probio DR10™

Studies on the strain indicate positive effects on various aspects of the digestive system.[3] These include:

Immune system support

Probio DR10™ demonstrated extensive immune-stimulating effects in animal models as well as healthy adult and elderly clinical studies. In a randomised controlled trial (RCT) conducted with children aged 1 to 3 years, it was found that the incidence of high fever and severe acute lower respiratory infections was reduced by 5% and 35% respectively, in children who received the strain along with a prebiotic, in comparison to those who were administered a placebo.[6]

Modulation of intestinal microbiota

Probio DR10™ may increase the population of beneficial gut microflora of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus.[7][8][3]

The strain has also been shown to help maintain a healthy/normal gut microbiota against the ageing process by competing with and excluding harmful pathogens, operating at both taxonomical and functional levels.[3]

Maintenance of intestinal barrier functions

Probio DR10™ helps maintain the integrity of the gut epithelium, which is a layer of cells lining the inner surface of the intestine.[3] It also helps regulate the host immune defence against pathogens.[3]

A 2010 study also found that combining the strain with an oligosaccharide prebiotics results in a decrease in the incidence of dysentery.[6]

Regulation of gut motility and improvement of gastrointestinal symptoms

Probio DR10™ has demonstrated a positive effect on individuals suffering from constipation.[3] A New Zealand study involving 100 adults with functional gastrointestinal symptoms showed that the supplementation of the strain for 2 weeks alleviated constipation by reducing the gut transit time.[9]

Reductions in the frequency of other functional gastrointestinal symptoms, including vomiting, regurgitation, abdominal pain, nausea, gurgling, irregular bowel movements, diarrhoea and flatulence were also observed in the same study.[9]

Probio DR10™ may potentially divert colon fermentation towards the production of non-gaseous end products.[3] This characteristic of the strain may support tolerance for the fermentation of oligosaccharides within the body, which aligns with clinical findings that it reduces the occurrence of flatulence.[3]

Support for digestion

The fermentation of Probio DR10™ produces lactate and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as acetate, indicating their potential involvement in the digestion of dietary elements, without distinguishing between their source, whether it be carbohydrates or proteins.[3]

Not all probiotics are the same

Studies have shown that not all probiotics are equally effective.[10] The efficacy of probiotics is strain-specific.[10] Therefore, the recommendations of probiotics should tie specific strains to the health benefits as shown in the human studies.[citation needed]

Mechanism of action

Probio DR10™ demonstrates an excellent ability to adhere to epithelial cells, a strong capacity to endure and survive in a low pH environment, resistance to bile salts as well as the ability to modulate the immune response.[4]

Studies indicate that this strain acts on intercellular junctions, especially tight junctions.[4] Tight junctions are situated in the most apical part of the cell and consist of two key proteins, claudin and occludin.[4] These proteins play a crucial role in establishing the epithelial barrier, which acts as a safeguard against the entry of macromolecules, including lipids and proteins.[4]

These junctions are vital for controlling the permeability of the epithelium.[4] Any changes in their function can lead to increased inflammation, and subsequently, the development of diseases.[4][11]

Safety

The presence of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis in human food has been documented since 1980, but it was likely part of human diets before that.[3]

The China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment (CFSA) has also approved the use of B. lactis in food for the general and paediatric population.[12]

A 2018 study found that the strain is well-tolerated in adults and did not induce changes in physical activity, food intake, or body weight.[13] It also has an established safety data in pregnant and lactating women as shown in studies.[14][15]

References

  1. ^ a b Gopal, Pramod; Dekker, James; Prasad, Jaya; Pillidge, Christopher; Delabre, Marie-Laure; Collett, Michael (2005). "Development and commercialisation of Fonterra's probiotic strains". Australian Journal of Dairy Technology. 60 (2): 173–182. INIST 17047956 ProQuest 199361400.
  2. ^ a b Ibarra, Alvin; Latreille-Barbier, Mathilde; Donazzolo, Yves; Pelletier, Xavier; Ouwehand, Arthur C. (2018-05-04). "Effects of 28-day Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 supplementation on colonic transit time and gastrointestinal symptoms in adults with functional constipation: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, and dose-ranging trial". Gut Microbes. 9 (3): 236–251. doi:10.1080/19490976.2017.1412908. ISSN 1949-0976. PMC 6219592. PMID 29227175.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link)
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Cheng, Jing; Laitila, Arja; Ouwehand, Arthur C. (14 December 2021). "Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 Effects on Gut Health: A Review". Frontiers in Nutrition. 8. doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.790561. PMC 8712437. PMID 34970580.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g Araujo, Lisa Danielly Curcino; Furlaneto, Flávia Aparecida Chaves; da Silva, Léa Assed Bezerra; Kapila, Yvonne L. (19 August 2022). "Use of the Probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 in Oral Diseases". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 23 (16): 9334. doi:10.3390/ijms23169334. PMC 9409207. PMID 36012597.
  5. ^ Cheng, Jing; Laitila, Arja; Ouwehand, Arthur C. (2021-12-14). "Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 Effects on Gut Health: A Review". Frontiers in Nutrition. 8. doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.790561. ISSN 2296-861X. PMC 8712437. PMID 34970580.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  6. ^ a b Sazawal, Sunil; Dhingra, Usha; Hiremath, Girish; Sarkar, Archana; Dhingra, Pratibha; Dutta, Arup; Verma, Priti; Menon, Venugopal P.; Black, Robert E. (13 August 2010). "Prebiotic and Probiotic Fortified Milk in Prevention of Morbidities among Children: Community-Based, Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial". PLOS ONE. 5 (8): e12164. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...512164S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0012164. PMC 2921405. PMID 20730056.
  7. ^ Gopal, Pramod K; Prasad, Jaya; Gill, Harsharnjit S (October 2003). "Effects of the consumption of Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 (DR10TM) and galacto-oligosaccharides on the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract in human subjects". Nutrition Research. 23 (10): 1313–1328. doi:10.1016/S0271-5317(03)00134-9.
  8. ^ Ahmed, M.; Prasad, J.; Gill, H.; Stevenson, L.; Gopal, P. (2007). "Impact of consumption of different levels of Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 on the intestinal microflora of elderly human subjects". The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging. 11 (1): 26–31. PMID 17315077. INIST 18554996 ProQuest 222242470.
  9. ^ a b Waller, Philip A; Gopal, Pramod K.; Leyer, Gregory J; Ouwehand, Arthur C.; Reifer, Cheryl; Stewart, Morgan E.; Miller, Larry E. (September 2011). "Dose-response effect of Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 on whole gut transit time and functional gastrointestinal symptoms in adults". Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. 46 (9): 1057–1064. doi:10.3109/00365521.2011.584895. PMC 3171707. PMID 21663486.
  10. ^ a b McFarland, Lynne V.; Evans, Charlesnika T.; Goldstein, Ellie J. C. (7 May 2018). "Strain-Specificity and Disease-Specificity of Probiotic Efficacy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". Frontiers in Medicine. 5: 124. doi:10.3389/fmed.2018.00124. PMC 5949321. PMID 29868585.
  11. ^ Turck, Dominique; Castenmiller, Jacqueline; De Henauw, Stefaan; Hirsch-Ernst, Karen Ildico; Kearney, John; Knutsen, Helle Katrine; Maciuk, Alexandre; Mangelsdorf, Inge; McArdle, Harry J; Naska, Androniki; Pelaez, Carmen; Pentieva, Kristina; Thies, Frank; Tsabouri, Sophia; Vinceti, Marco; s Bresson, Jean-Loui; Siani, Alfonso (July 2020). "Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bi-07 contributes to increasing lactose digestion: evaluation of a health claim pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006". EFSA Journal. 18 (7): e06198. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6198. PMC 7388145. PMID 32742434.
  12. ^ "China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment" (PDF).
  13. ^ Ibarra, Alvin; Latreille-Barbier, Mathilde; Donazzolo, Yves; Pelletier, Xavier; Ouwehand, Arthur C. (4 May 2018). "Effects of 28-day Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 supplementation on colonic transit time and gastrointestinal symptoms in adults with functional constipation: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, and dose-ranging trial". Gut Microbes. 9 (3): 236–251. doi:10.1080/19490976.2017.1412908. PMC 6219592. PMID 29227175.
  14. ^ Noroyono Wibowo; Saptawati Bardosono; Rima Irwinda (31 December 2016). "Effects of Bifidobacterium animalis lactis HN019 (DR10^(TM)), inulin, and micronutrient fortified milk on faecal DR10^(TM), immune markers, and maternal micronutrients among Indonesian pregnant women". Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 25 (S1): S102 – S110. doi:10.6133/apjcn.122016.s2. PMID 28027638.
  15. ^ Prescott, S. L.; Wickens, K.; Westcott, L.; Jung, W.; Currie, H.; Black, P. N.; Stanley, T. V.; Mitchell, E. A.; Fitzharris, P.; Siebers, R.; Wu, L.; Crane, J. (October 2008). "Supplementation with Lactobacillus rhamnosus or Bifidobacterium lactis probiotics in pregnancy increases cord blood interferon-γ and breast milk transforming growth factor-β and immunoglobin A detection". Clinical & Experimental Allergy. 38 (10): 1606–1614. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2222.2008.03061.x. PMID 18631345. S2CID 9492069.
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