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Pony (often referred to as Ponylang) is a free and open source, object-oriented, actor model, capabilities-secure, high performance programming language. Pony blends together race-free guarantees, static typing, generics, traits, and the structural typing. Its reference capabilities[3] system allows developers to be explicit about how data is shared among components and actors.
| Pony | |
|---|---|
| Paradigm | Actor model, Imperative |
| Designed by | Sylvan Clebsch |
| First appeared | November 9, 2012 |
| Stable release | 0.58.5
/ June 1, 2024 |
| Typing discipline | strong, static, inferred, structural |
| Implementation language | C |
| License | BSD-2.[1] |
| Website | www |
| Influenced by | |
| E | |
| Influenced | |
| Encore, Project Verona[2], Savi, Inko | |
Language design
At its core, Pony is a systems language designed around safety and performance.
- Type Safe - Pony is a very type safe language. For more details on why, check out the mathematical proof[4]
- Memory Safe - There are no dangling pointers and no buffer overruns. There is no null but optional types can be represented using unions with the None type.
- Exception-Safe -There are no runtime exceptions. All exceptions have defined semantics, and they are always caught.
- Data-race Free - Pony does not have locks or atomic operations. Instead, the type system ensures at compile time that your concurrent program can never have data races. This allows developers to write highly concurrent code with less change of problems occurring in the use of concurrency primitives.
- Deadlock-Free - Pony lacks language-level constructs to create locks. It is impossible to write code that compiles that will produce a deadlock.
- Native Code - Pony is an ahead-of-time (AOT) compiled language. There is no interpreter or virtual machine
- Compatible with C - Interop with C is enabled through FFI
- Garbage Collected - Each actor's heap is collected separately, there is no "stop the world" collection.
Examples
Here are a few examples of idiomatic Pony.
Hello World
In Pony, instead of a main function, there is a main actor. The creation of this actor serves as the entry point into the Pony program.
actor Main
new create(env: Env) =>
env.out.print("Hello, world!")
There are no global variables in Pony, everything must be contained within an instance of a class or an actor. As such, even the environment that allows for printing to stdout is passed as a parameter.
History
In 2011, Sylvan Clebsch created a C-based actor library in order to solve some real problems for software he was creating. Ultimately this library became the first implementation of Pony in 2012.
References
- ^ https://github.com/ponylang/ponyc/blob/master/LICENSE
- ^ "Verona FAQ". Github.
- ^ "Deny capabilities for safe, fast actors". 2015-10-26.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|authors=ignored (help) - ^ https://www.ponylang.org/media/papers/fast-cheap.pdf
External links
- Offical website
- Composition over Inheritance with Pony
- QCon London: Co-Designing a Type System and Runtime
- InfoQ Interview: Sylvan Clebsch on the Actor-Model Language Pony, Garbage Collection, Capabilities, Concurrency
- From Go to Pony
- InfoQ: Using the Actor-model Language Pony for FinTech
- Pony: Making it easy to write efficient, concurrent, data race free programs at Curry On 2015 associated with ECOOP 2015