The 2K22 "Tunguska" (Russian 2К22 "Тунгуска" - Tunguska River, NATO reporting name SA-19 "Grisom") is Integrated Air Defense System.
The system carries six (2S6) or eight (2S6M/2S6M1) 9K111 missiles in two banks of two pairs, each pair being able to be elevated independently. Effective engagement ranges are 2.4 to 8 km (1.5 to 5 miles) and altitudes are 15-3500 m (50-11,500 ft). Each missile is 3.2 m (10.5 ft) long, weighs 65 kg (143 lb) with a warhead of 16 kg (35 lb), flies at around Mach 3.5 and can engage targets flying at up to Mach 1.5.
Later developments based off the Tunguska are the versatile Pantsyr-S1 and Pantsyr-S1-O (Russian "Панцырь С-1" - lorica) systems which can be mounted on a light armoured vehicle like the Tunguska, or on trucks or other vehicles.
The 2S6 vehicle carries two radars collectively known to NATO as "Hot Shot":
- 1RL144 E-band target acquisition radar with a maximum detection range of 20 km (12 miles)
- 1RL144M J-band target tracking radar with a maximum engagement range of 18 km (11 miles)
It also incorporates the 1RL138 C/D-band IFF system and an optical tracking system. The 2S6 is able to use these systems to guide missiles to the target using radio command guidance in combination with automatic optical target tracking, or can feed the data into the fire control computer for aiming the guns, which consist of a four-barreled, high rate-of-fire (700 rounds-per-minute combined) 30mm cannon battery. The missiles are detonated using a proximity system when they are within 5 m (16 ft) of their target and have a kill probability (PK) of around 0.65. Note that missiles can only be fired while the 2S6 system is stationary and due to the optical tracking method have extremely limited viability at night.
The 2S6 system has also been mounted on ships. The naval version is the 3K87 "Kortik" (Russian Кортик - dirk) and has the NATO reporting name SA-N-11. It is installed on Kuznetsov-class aircraft carriers. It is said to have a role similar to that of the American Phalanx CIWS system, able to shoot down incoming anti-ship missiles as well as aircraft. The export version of the Kortik is called "Kashtan" (Russian Каштан - chestnut).
Versions
- 2K22/9K22 with 9M311 (3M87), 9M311K or 9M311-1 missiles. Some of these early versions of the "Tunguska" system were known as "Treugolnik" (Russian Треуголник - triangle). This system is mounted on the 2S6 integrated air defence vehicle.
- 2K22M/2K22M-1 with 9M311M (3M88) or 9M311M-1 missiles. This system is mounted on the 2S6M integrated air defence vehicle.
File:2s6fir.jpg An image of a 2S6 system firing its cannons. Photo by GulfLINK.
