Candiæ the House of Candia is a junior branch of the House of Crêpon of Denmark and the House of Anjou of France,
latter called lineage of Saint-Severin.
Origin
The"House of Candia" ( Template:Lang-it, French: Maison de Candie) is a dynasty of Western Europe that became part of the “Sapaudia Novilitas” the nobility of the Kingdom of Savoy latter parts of Italy, France and Switzerland. The house began its legacy during the Catholic Crusades as Knights Templar and its direct link to the Swiss Guards and the Benedictine monks. They entered history by their dealings as Viscounts of Geneva the official Latin term "vicedominus Genevarum", a feudal title in old France and Switzerland. They ruled the Vidame of the Prince-Bishops of Geneva. Originally de Candie was created from the union of a junior branch of the House of Normandy and the House of Crêpon of Denmark, that in the 10th cent settled in the Duchy of Saxony in the Kingdom of Lotharingia (German: Lotharingien) today Lorraine, Alsace, and the Duchy of Saxony. Subsequently they relocated their seat to the Kingdom of Burgundy on Lake Geneva and part of the Alps region latter the Duchy of Savoy (today’s parts of French Savoy, the Italian Piedmont and the Swiss Lake of Geneva region). Though originally a simple noble family, the Candie later heirs to a large account of feudal possessions and titles across Europe always supported by their strong links to the Holy See. Along the crusades and thereafter through conquest, marriage, and diplomacy this house successors expanded their holdings in France, Switzerland, and Italy; including lordships in Candida, Bugey, Apulia, Sardinia, Nice, and Spain.
Etymology
The name of this dynasty is of toponymic origin, the family of Candiæ (French = de Candie, Italian = de Candia) takes its name from their barony and castle in the old shires of Lemencum, county of the Old Camberia (French= Chambéry-Le-Vieux) near the town of Chambéry in the Department of Savoy France.
The first feudal registry indicated “Kandium”, specified in the text fort-castle in honour to Skændia Scandinavian Goddess and mother of Europe.
History
Its first important member was GUAFRIDUS CRISPIANUS SCANDIA in English Godfrey Crispin of Scandinavia, and in French as Guyfred de Crêpon Scandie des Danes,(modern French: Godfrey de Crépon Candie), natual son of Richard I of Normandy and Gunnora de Crépon (of the Nobles House of Danes). From historical records and church documents, we found his name registered in various different ways, since some times he is recorded by his given name others by his current feudal titles or in others by his maternal or paternal house titles; in all events there are common links that make easy to identify Godfrey Crispin son of Gunnor and Richard I.
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ACCORDING TO REGISTRIES:
- Godfrey count of Brionne, neé Gudofrey Crispin de Crêpon Comte Angevine, of the lineage of Rollon Duke of Normandy from the Gesta Normannorum Ducum. His name at birth was Gudfred (Latin= Godofredus),(* 963, + 1027), he was a natural son of Richard I of Normandy "The Fearless" Duke of Normandy and Gunnor de Crêpon, as a natural son he was not recognised as an Anjou but recognized by the maternal house. His younger brother Richard II "The Good" Duke of Normandy, official descendent of Richard I, created the county of Brionne and as matter of courtesy to his lineage made him the 1st count of Brionne. As recoded in the Abby of Brionne near Bayeux.
- Crispin d’Arnès, neé Godofrej Crispin (de Crêpon) Greppen Scandia, Lord of Arnes from his maternal lineage descendent from "the Noblest House of the Danes" Skånelandene or "Terra Scandiae", his mother (Gunnora) Gunnor de Crêpon, she was from the lineage of the House of Crêpon from Herbastus de Crépon of Denmark. Gunnora eventually became Duchess of Normandy (*936..; + 1031 in France).
- Godrick baron of Lüneburg or "Lunbourg" (French= Loese, English= Lunenburg) in Saxony, also it is recorded as Godfreck Crispin von Arnes in Saxony as Godfrey Crispin or "Geoffrey Count of Brionne" married to Lady Hawise of Saxony; some sources mention Gilbert, Count of Brionne as his son.
- Crispin d’Arnès, 1st baron of Candia founder of the Candian or Candien lineage of the Kandium-Kattle; documents certified by King Lothair are kept in the Historical Archives of the Department of Savoy, France. Crispin held possessions in what is today the French Savoy and acquired, through marriage to a Burgundian or Bourguignon princess of the House of Geneva, a lordship on the shores of the Lake of Geneva. He was also recorded in some medieval documents as Crépon, Crispín or Créspin or Greppen House of Geneva or Genevan House of Crespon, latter becoming the House of Candia.
The descendents of his lineage married into the House of Croan and Nevers, registry of Chambery 1212 entered the marriage of count Rogger de Candie of the House of Anjou and Isabelle de Croan-Nevers of the House of l’Entre-deux-Mers.
Frank of Candie (French= François de Candie, Italian= Franco de Candia), 1er Viscount of Geneva, c. 1314 - 26 Dec, 1360). This territory today belongs to the Diocese of Lausanne, Geneva and Fribourg. François was a Swiss-Savoyard noble, who married the second daughter of the prince of Geneva. Along his service for the Prince-Bishop of Geneva he was the commander in Chief of the troops that controlled the Alps passages and the legal doings of the Vidominus. In 1377 François de Candie was Captain of the Castle of the Rodan (French= capitaine du château de l'Ile sur le Rhône). He was educated by the clergy at the Monastery of Sion (German Sitten) of the Catholic Swiss Knights. According to academic registries, François was a skilled diplomat and strategist. He mastered Latin, French, Italian, German and Greek.
He represented the interests of Geneva in the main courts of Europe, this created great tension to the family from the most powerful houses of Europe. In 1453 from their seat as Vidames and Chief of the Catholic Swiss Knights, they protected the secrecy and guarded the Holy Shroud (Shroud of Turin) in position of the Duke of Savoy at their seat in the Castle of Chambery. Since 1578 the Holy Shroud was moved to Turin, where it has remained until today. The title of Viscount of Geneva is a hereditary title regulated by Salic Law, as such the family enjoyed its ruling until the Swiss Referéndum or Protestant Reformation. Today the title is gentility to the family. This branch had many descendents and expanded into Italy and France:
This is a list of selected titles holded by the family: (A more extensive list can be review at the Library of the Dukes of Candia.)
Candie (de) Marquis of Candia (XVII), Lord of Arnes (d’Arnès)
Candie (de) Baron of Lüneburg,(French= Loese, English= Lunenberg or Lueneburg), in Saxony)
Candie (de) Lord of Bresse (JM7595)
Candie (de) Viscount of Genèva, Lord of Loese, in Savoy
Candie (de) Lordship of Candie, of Chaffardon, Valley of the Cly
Candie (de) Marquis of Saint-Simon, in Languedoc (JM7596)
The cloth now at Turin can be clearly traced back to the Lirey in the Diocese of Troyes, where we first hear of it about the year 1360. In 1453 it was at Chambéry in Savoy, and there in 1532 it narrowly escaped being consumed by a fire which by charring the corners of the folds has left a uniform series of marks on either side of the image. Since 1578 it has remained at Turin where it is now only exposed for veneration at long intervals. ("de Sancta Sindone" was formerly approved by Julius II in the Bull "Romanus Pontifex" of 25 April, 1506, in the course of which the Pope speaks of "that most famous Shroud præclarissima sindone)
In 1050 the Candia has it first incursion in Southern Italy with (Scandinavian: Anger) Angerio de Candie a crusader knight, under the command of Roger of Hauteville (Italian = d’Altavilla, French = d'Hauteville) latter became Roger I of Sicily. Angerio’s remains are resting at the Benedictine Chapel of the S.S. Trinita di Cava de’Tirreni, under the description of Norman cavaliering son of Roger of Candie count of Arnes (Italian Ruggero de Candia) of the lineage of Rollon 1st Duke of Normandy. From this incursion and marriage they obtain the fiefdom of Candida since 1187 (Italian Terra Candida) and was kept for generations latter; registered under count Alduym de Candie called in Italian Alduino de Candida of Avellino Curia Regis Lord of Candida Master of the Royal Court (Italian Maestro della Regia Corte) and Lord Judge of Bari who married in 1250 countess Giordana de Tricarico Sanseverino lady of Solofra, until 1420 Candida belonged to the de Candia when Catherine Filangie de Candie (Italian= Caterina Filangieri de Candia) gave Candida as a dowry to Sergianni Caracciolo. This marriage entered the fiefdoms into the Caracciolo Dynasty, as recorded in the Abby of Cava di Terreni, Jean Caracciol Napolitein or Gianni Caracciolo di Napoli Duke of Melphes and Venossa (+ 18/08/1432), married Catherine Filangieri de Candia Countess of Avellino. They had 2 descendents: Jérôme (murdered in 1426) and Troy or Trojan I Duke of Melfi (French= duc de Melphes). This lineage was also related to the Gonzaga o Gonzague family of Matua under the denomination of Candida-Gonzaga or Candie-Gonzague, and the Prince of San Severo in Apulia.
CATALOGUS BARONUM
The first registry of the Castle of Candia is compiled before 1100. The Catalagus Baronum, Catalogue of Baronies, written from 1150 to 1168 of the lordships and fiefdoms of the Kingdom is signed by Roger II of Sicily (Italian= Ruggero II di Sicilia), it is recorded the lordships of Candia o Candida, Lapio, and Arianiello as properties of count Alduino de Candia son of Ruggero son of Oldoino Odo de Candia son of Crispin of the (Latin= genti Lortomanne, ovvero Normanne) Normans of the Lotherian people.
Latin= "Candium est feudum ij militum, Lapigia et arcanellum feudum ij militum… hoc tenet Guidus et Rogerius frater eius qui emerunt illud a Curia… Rogerius emit Candidam, et non emerunt nisi solum quod Alduynus de Candida tenebat in Demanio".
In the second part of the Catalogue Baronum is written: Latin= Candida est feudum ij militum, Lapigia et arcanellum feudum ij militum… hoc tenet Guidus et Rogerius frater eius qui emerunt illud a Curia… Rogerius emit Candidam, et non emerunt nisi solum quod Alduynus de Candida tenebat in Demanio. Candium (Candida o Candia) is a lordship the of 2 fiefdoms, Lapio and Arianiello is also a lordship of 2 fiefdoms ... assets of Guido and Ruggiero, his brother, whom acquired it from the Curia... Ruggiero purchased Candida, and only what Alduino de Candida considered a dominium. .
1164 Candia had registered a fiefdom under the mane of Candium with diploma of Frederick I during the ___domain of Pavia. In 1241 we found the name in the registry of the fiefdom of Candia Lomellina under count Henry of Candia (Italian = Enrico de Candia, in local dialect Chendiâ or [[[Kent]]-ia), he rebuild the original castle badly damage by the attacks of the Marquis of Montferrat, the Visconti, and various local enemies; in addition Henry built a Chapel. Enrico de Candia holdings included the lordships of Candium Laumellorum, Villata and Roncone ; cartographic charters and registries of Agro dei Levi. In 1603 the registry was under count Gianangelo de Candia. These territories were hereditary controlled by the family until 1707 when the Candia Lomellina passed to the ruling of the Duke of Savoy; by then the Candia Laumellorum lineage became a Chatelaine family of the House of Savoy as they were in Chambery.
In 1710 the family settle seat in the fiefdom of Torre del Greco and latter in the cities of Alghero and Callegari. The family became involved with maritime affaires of the island and the obtained water fiefdoms (Italian = Direto di mare) and conducted a school ship that collected coral a very valuable commodity while patrolled the waters entering Sardinia. In 1734 we founded the marriage registry of count Serafin of Candia and countess Therese of Saint–Simon, in 1779 Serafino de Candia obtained royal privillidge and diploma of the use of Lord and Lady for himself and wife as well as all the de Candia lineage under royal seal and decrete signed by King Victor Amadeus II (Italian= Vittorio Amadeo II) of Sardinia, Chypre and Jerusalem. This recognition passed latter into the Kingdom of Italy. Its descendents are registered in the Golden Book of the Italian and French Nobility. From this House we have the famous "Tenor Giuseppe Mario" (real mane= the Marquis de Candia, Cavaliere Giovanni Matteo de Candia), " Mario " was considered the most famous tenor of the 19th century. He married the extraordinary opera singer Giulia Grisi. They travelled all over Europe and kept houses in Paris and Sardinia. They have 5 daughters and (perhaps) a son. Their daughter countess Cecilia Maria de Candia-Pearse became a well known biographical writer, she married Lord Pearse and moved to United Kingdom.
After the II World War the family was dispersed, today they are living in parts of Switzerland, Italy, France, the UK, Canada, the USA, and Argentina.
Legacy
The Candiæ were diplomatically skilled, and gained control over strategic passes in the Swiss-French Alps and in Southern Italy. This advancement in their feudal affaires caused the great powers of Europe; such as France, England, and Spain to take into account the negotiations of the Candia head of family. They contributed a great deal in the expansion of European culture and the Catholic faith in Europe, Jerusalem and along the conquest of the Americas. Their legacy a collection of documents and information, such as the cartographic work of count Carlo de Candia or the poems of Gauvain de Candie, this legacy is kept in the Library of the Dukes of Candia. The monarchy ended with the 1946 referendum by which Italians chose the republic as the form of state (see also birth of the Italian Republic). Under the Constitution of the Italian Republic, all Italian titles were frozen and until today. The de Candia family today enjoy the memory and legacy of their ancestry.
Summary
The House of Candiæ ( Italian= Casa Candia, French= Maison de Candie) is a dynasty of nobles who traced it name to the Castle of Candie (Château de Candie situé a Chambèry-le-Vieux) built by a Burgundes count who named his feudal state in honour of Skaend or Scandia (Scandinavian Goddess and mother of Europa) other sources mentioned the relation to Candidus a previous member of the family, they traditionally had their ___domain near Chambéry in the Duchy of Savoy, today part of France, and the Kingdom of Sardinia, a state which, in 1860, became the Kingdom of Italy under the Savoia or Savoy family, the Italian reigning house until 1946. They once had the lordship of the Vice-Count of Geneva, vidame de Genève, in Switzerland, but their access to it was cut by the Swiss during the Protestant Reformation, after which it was conquered by Bern. Though originally a simple noble family, later heirs to a large account of feudal possessions and titles. They were diplomatically skilled, and gained control over strategic passes in the Swiss-French Alps and in Southern Italy. This caused the great powers such as France, England, and Spain to take the head of the family opinions into account. They contributed a great deal in the expansion of European culture and the Roman Catholic faith and in Europe, Jerusalem and along the conquest of the Americas.
The monarchy ended with the 1946 referendum by which Italians chose the republic as the form of state (see also birth of the Italian Republic). Under the Constitution of the Italian Republic, some male descendants of the House of Candie or “Casa Candia” were forbidden from entering Italy, for their association with the reigning House of Savoy. This provision was removed in 2002.
References
Reference of Candia - DE CANDIE / DE CANDIA
Source: Annuaire de la noblesse de France 1861 Gallica : [1]
LA SOCIETE SAVOISIENNE D'HISTOIRE ET D'ARCHEOLOGIE http://perso.orange.fr/agfca/tables_chronologiques_de_1.htm
Ref: Chev. épée JO Two Old French Romances: Le Chevalier a l'épée and; Le Roman de Foulque de Candie p. Herbert le duc de Dammartin
Ref: The Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumièges, Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni edited and translated by Elisabeth M. C. Van Houts. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1995.
Ref: La Société académique de Savoie a publié à Chambéry des Mémoires sur la carrière politique et militaire de Savoie, 1828.'
Genealogy of the House of Candia - Maison de Candie http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneologia_dei_de_Candia
Armorial De Candiae, Savoie http://perso.orange.fr/gdubois/Blasons/Savoie/Candie_de.png
Heraldique de France - Maison de Candie http://www.francegenweb.org/~heraldique/base/details.php?image_id=8834
Dynastic House of Candia, Annuairy of the French Nobility 1861 http://gillesdubois.blogspot.com/2006/12/nobiliaire-de-savoie-c.html
Francois de Candie, 1st Vice-Count of Geneva http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Candie
Fiefdom of Candia Laumellorum http://www.comune.candialomellina.pv.it/enter/storia.php
Candida http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candida,_Italy
Candia Lomellina http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candia_Lomellina
Chateau de Candie www.chateaudecandie.com/source/anglais/present.php
De Candia www.decandia.esiti.net/
Sanseverino capodespite dei de Candia o Candida http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanseverino_%28famiglia%29
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