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July 8 is the 189th day of the year (190th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 176 days remain until the end of the year.
Events
- 1099 - First Crusade: 15,000 starving Christian soldiers march in religious procession around Jerusalem as its Muslim defenders mock them.
- 1283 - War of the Sicilian Vespers: Battle of Malta
- 1497 - Vasco da Gama sets sail on first direct European voyage to India.
- 1579 - Our Lady of Kazan, a holy icon of the Russian Orthodox Church, was discovered underground in the city of Kazan, Tatarstan.
- 1663 - Charles II of England grants John Clarke a Royal Charter to Rhode Island.
- 1680 - The first confirmed tornado in America kills a servant at Cambridge, Massachusetts.
- 1709 - Great Northern War: Battle of Poltava: Peter I of Russia defeats Charles XII of Sweden at Poltava thus effectively ending Sweden's role as a major power in Europe.
- 1716 - Great Northern War: Battle of Dynekilen
- 1758 - French and Indian War: French forces hold Fort Carillon against British at Ticonderoga, New York.
- 1760 - French and Indian War: Battle of Restigouche - British defeat French forces in last naval battle in New France.
- 1775 - The Olive Branch Petition is adopted by the Continental Congress of the Thirteen Colonies.
- 1776 - The Liberty Bell was rung to summon citizens of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania for the reading of the Declaration of Independence by the Continental Congress.
- 1822 - Chippewas turn over huge tract of land in Ontario to the United Kingdom.
- 1859 - King Charles XV / Carl IV accedes to the throne of Sweden-Norway.
- 1874 - The Mounties begin their March West.
- 1876 - White supremacists kill five Black Republicans in Hamburg, SC.
- 1889 - The first issue of the Wall Street Journal is published.
- 1889 - At the last championship bare-knuckle boxing match, John L. Sullivan defeats Jake Kilrain after 75 rounds.
- 1892 - St. John's, Newfoundland was devastated in the Great Fire of 1892.
- 1896 - William Jennings Bryan delivers his Cross of Gold speech advocating bimetalism at the 1896 Democratic National Convention in Chicago.
- 1898 - The shooting death of crime boss Soapy Smith releases Skagway, Alaska from his iron grip.
- 1932 - The Dow Jones Industrial Average reaches its lowest level of the Great Depression, bottoming out at 41.22.
- 1933 - NFL team Pittsburgh Steelers was established.
- 1947 - Reports are broadcast that a UFO has crash landed in Roswell, New Mexico.
- 1966 - King Mwambutsa IV Bangiriceng of Burundi was deposed by his son Prince Charles Ndizi.
- 1969 - IBM CICS is made generally available for the 360 mainframe computer.
- 1977 - The ashes of Ahn Eak-tai, a Korean composer and conductor, were transferred from the island of Majorca to the Korean National Cemetery.
- 1982 - Assassination attempt against Iraqi president Saddam Hussein in Dujail.
- 1982 - Senegalese Trotskyist political party LCT is legally recognized.
- 1990 - Germany national football team wins the 1990 FIFA World Cup in Italy against Argentina.
- 1992 - Conference for Security and Co-operation in Europe creates the office of High Commissioner on National Minorities.
- 1997 - Mayo Clinic researchers warn that the dieting-drug "fen-phen" can cause severe heart and lung damage.
- 1997 - NATO invites the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland to join the alliance in 1999.
- 1999 - Allen Lee Davis is executed by electrocution by the state of Florida, the last use of the electric chair for capital punishment in Florida.
- 2003 - Sudan Airways Flight 39, with 117 people on board, crashes in Sudan; the only survivor is a two-year-old child.
- 2004 - Michael Brown Okinawa assault incident. United States Marine Corps officer Michael Brown is convicted on Okinawa for "attempting an indecent act" and "destruction of property" and is sentenced to one year in prison, suspended for three years.
Births
- 1528 - Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy (d. 1580)
- 1545 - Don Carlos of Spain (d. 1568)
- 1593 - Artemisia Gentileschi, Italian painter (d. 1653)
- 1621 - Jean de la Fontaine, French writer (d. 1695)
- 1760 - Christian Kramp, French mathematician (d. 1826)
- 1766 - Dominique Jean Larrey, French surgeon (d. 1842)
- 1819 - Francis Leopold McClintock, British naval officer and explorer (d. 1907)
- 1830 - Frederick William Seward, United States Assistant Secretary of State (d. 1915)
- 1836 - Joseph Chamberlain, British politician (d. 1914)
- 1838 - Ferdinand Graf von Zeppelin, German inventor (d. 1917)
- 1839 - John D. Rockefeller, American businessman (d. 1937)
- 1851 - Arthur Evans, English archaeologist (d. 1941)
- 1857 - Alfred Binet, French psychologist (d. 1911)
- 1867 - Käthe Kollwitz, German artist (d. 1945)
- 1878 - Jimmy Quinn, Scottish footballer (d. 1945)
- 1882 - Percy Grainger, Australian composer (d. 1961)
- 1885 - Ernst Bloch, German philosopher (d. 1977)
- 1892 - Richard Aldington, English poet (d. 1962)
- 1892 - Pavel Korin, Russian painter (d. 1967)
- 1895 - Igor Tamm, Russian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1971)
- 1904 - Henri Cartan, French mathematician
- 1906 - Philip Johnson, American architect (d. 2005)
- 1907 - George W. Romney, chairman of the American Motors Corporation (1954-62) (d. 1995)
- 1908 - Louis Jordan, American saxophonist (d. 1975)
- 1908 - Nelson A. Rockefeller, 41st Vice President of the United States (d. 1979)
- 1914 - Jyoti Basu, Indian politician
- 1914 - Billy Eckstine, American jazz singer (d. 1993)
- 1918 - Craig Stevens, American actor (d. 2000)
- 1919 - Walter Scheel, German politician
- 1923 - Harrison Dillard, American athlete
- 1926 - Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, Swiss-born psychiatrist (d. 2004)
- 1927 - Maurice Hayes, Irish politician
- 1932 - Jerry Vale, American singer
- 1933 - Marty Feldman, English comedian and actor (d. 1982)
- 1934 - Ed Lumley, Canadian corporate executive and former politician
- 1935 - Steve Lawrence, American entertainer and singer
- 1935 - Vitali Sevastyanov, cosmonaut
- 1941 - Dario Gradi, Italian-born football manager
- 1942 - Phil Gramm, American politician
- 1944 - Jai Johanny Johanson, American musician (The Allman Brothers Band)
- 1945 - Micheline Calmy-Rey, Swiss female politician, president in 2007
- 1947 - Kim Darby, American actress
- 1947 - Luis Fernando Figari, Peruvian founder of Sodalitium Christianae Vitae
- 1948 - Raffi, Canadian children's entertainer
- 1949 - Frank Delima, American comedian
- 1949 - Wolfgang Puck, Austrian-born celebrity chef
- 1951 - Anjelica Huston, American actress
- 1956 - Terry Puhl, Canadian baseball player
- 1957 - Aleksandr Gurnov, Russian television personality
- 1958 - Kevin Bacon, American actor
- 1958 - Andreas Carlgren, Swedish politician
- 1959 - Robert Knepper, American actor
- 1960 - Mal Meninga, Australian rugby league footballer
- 1961 - Toby Keith, American singer
- 1964 - Linda de Mol, Dutch actress and host
- 1967 - Jordan Chan, Hong Kong actor and singer
- 1968 - Akio Suyama, Japanese seiyu
- 1968 - Billy Crudup, American actor
- 1968 - Michael Weatherly, American actor
- 1970 - Beck, American singer
- 1972 - Saurav Ganguly, Indian cricketer
- 1973 - Kathleen Robertson, Canadian actress
- 1974 - Zhanna Friske, Russian actress and singer
- 1974 - Tami Erin, American actress and model
- 1976 - Talal El Karkouri, Moroccan footballer
- 1977 - Wang Zhizhi, Chinese basketball player
- 1977 - Milo Ventimiglia, American actor
- 1980 - Robbie Keane, Irish footballer
- 1981 - Anastasia Myskina, Russian tennis player
- 1982 - Hakim Warrick, American basketball player
- 1982 - Joshua Alba, American actor
- 1982 - Sophia Bush, American actress
- 1983 - Jaroslav Janiš, Czech racing car driver
- 1983 - Elizabeth Del Mar, American pornographic actress
- 1984 - Alexis Dziena, Cuban actress
- 1987 - Vlada Roslyakova, Russian supermodel
- 1988 - Danny Wu, CEO of BrokenBroadcast
- 1998 - Jaden Smith, American actor
Deaths
- 810 - Pepin, King of Italy (b. 773)
- 975 - King Edgar of England
- 1153 - Pope Eugene III
- 1538 - Diego de Almagro, Spanish explorer (b. 1475)
- 1623 - Pope Gregory XV (b. 1554)
- 1689 - Edward Wooster, English Connecticut pioneer (b. 1622)
- 1695 - Christiaan Huygens, Dutch scientist (b. 1629)
- 1716 - Robert South, English churchman (b. 1634)
- 1721 - Elihu Yale, American benefactor of Yale University (b. 1649)
- 1726 - John Ker, Scottish spy (b. 1673)
- 1784 - Torbern Bergman, Swedish chemist (b. 1735)
- 1822 - Percy Bysshe Shelley, English poet (b. 1792)
- 1826 - Luther Martin, American statesman (b. 1748)
- 1850 - Prince Adolphus, 1st Duke of Cambridge (b. 1774)
- 1855 - Sir William Edward Parry, English Arctic explorer (b. 1790)
- 1859 - King Oscar I of Sweden and Norway (b. 1799)
- 1895 - Johann Josef Loschmidt, Austrian scientist (b. 1821)
- 1898 - Soapy Smith, American con artist (b. 1860)
- 1905 - Walter Kittredge, American musician (b. 1834)
- 1917 - Tom Thomson, Canadian painter (b. 1877)
- 1930 - Sir Joseph Ward, 17th Prime Minister of New Zealand (b. 1856)
- 1933 - Anthony Hope, British author (b. 1863)
- 1934 - Benjamin Baillaud, French astronomer (b. 1848)
- 1939 - Havelock Ellis, British physician (b. 1859)
- 1941 - Moses Schorr, Polish rabbi, senator, historian and orientalist (b. 1874)
- 1943 - Jean Moulin, French Resistance leader (b. 1899)
- 1950 - Othmar Spann, Austrian philosopher (b. 1878)
- 1956 - Giovanni Papini, Italian essayist (b. 1881)
- 1957 - Grace Coolidge, First Lady of the United States (b. 1879)
- 1967 - Fatima Jinnah, Pakistani Mother of the Nation (b. 1893)
- 1971 - Jim Morrison, lead singer and songwriter for The Doors (b. 1943)
- 1967 - Vivien Leigh, English actress (b. 1913)
- 1973 - Wilfred Rhodes, English cricketer (b. 1877)
- 1979 - Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, Japanese physicist, Nobel laureate (b. 1906)
- 1979 - Robert B. Woodward, American chemist, Nobel laureate (b. 1917)
- 1981 - Wild Bill Hallahan, American baseball player (b. 1902)
- 1986 - Skeeter Webb, American baseball player (b. 1909)
- 1987 - Gerardo Diego, Spanish poet (b. 1896)
- 1988 - Ray Barbuti, American athlete (b. 1905)
- 1990 - Howard Duff, American actor (b. 1913)
- 1994 - Kim Il-sung, North Korean leader (b. 1912)
- 1999 - Pete Conrad, American astronaut (b. 1930)
- 2001 - John O'Shea, New Zealand film director (b. 1920)
- 2002 - Ward Kimball, American animator (b. 1914)
- 2004 - Paula Danziger, American author (b. 1944)
- 2006 - June Allyson, American actress (b. 1917)
- 2006 - Peter Hawkins, British actor/voice actor (b. 1924)
- 2006 - Sabine Dünser, lead singer for band Elis (b. 1977)
Holidays and observances
- Annual Soapy Smith wake, held each year in Skagway, Alaska in the Gold Rush Cemetery and in Hollywood, California at the Magic Castle
Liturgical Feast days
- Saints Abda and Sabas [1]
- Saint Adrian Fortescue, martyr
- Saint Auspicius, bishop of Trier
- Saint Bosilus, abbot [Durham]
- Saint Claudius and companions [PCP (Paris)]
- Saint Edgar (died 975)
- Saint Evodius, bishop of Rouen, confessor (Translation) [Rouen]
- Saint Grimbald, abbot, confessor [BLS; GTZ: England]
- Saint Kilian of Würzburg, bishop, and companions (Olman, priest, and Totnam, deacon), martyrs 689 [common]
- Saint Nummius, confessor [Paris, as St. Nom]
- Saint Procopius, martyr [common; Osnabrück]
- Saint Quintinus, martyr (Invention) [Angers, LeMans]
- Saint Theobald=Thibaut, abbot
- Saints Aquila and Priscilla, martyrs [Châlons-sur-Marne, Amiens]
- Saint Barbara (Translation)
- Saint Elizabeth, queen of Portugal
- Saint Landrada, virgin [GTZ: Mons]
- Saint Sunniva and companions, virgins [GTZ: Norway]
- Saint Withburge, virgin
- Saint Grimbald
- Saint Robertus
References
- ^ Holweck, F. G. A Biographical Dictionary of the Saints. St. Louis, MO: B. Herder Book Co. 1924.