Data types
How to declare variable x as the following types:
Integer
Unsigned integer
Float
String
C
int x;
unsigned int x;
float x; or double x;
char x[]; or char *x;
C++ (STL)
int x;
unsigned int x;
float x; or double x;
string x;
Java
int x;
float x; or double x;
String x;
Pascal
var x: integer;
var x: word;
var x: real;
var x: string;
Visual Basic
dim x as integer
Python
x = value
x = value
x = value
x = "string "
S-Lang
x = value
x = value
x = value
x = "string "
Logical cycles
if
else if
while
for i = 1 to N
select case
C
if (condition ) { instructions } else { instructions }
if (condition ) { instructions } else if (condition ) { instructions }
while (condition ) { instructions }
for (i = 0; i<N; i++) { instructions }
switch (variable ) { case case1 : instructions break; ... }
C++ (STL)
as above
as above
as above
as above
as above
Java
as above
as above
as above
as above
as above
Pascal
if condition then begin \n instructions \n end;
if condition then begin \n instructions \n end\n else begin \n instructions \n end;
repeat \n instructions \n until condition ;
for i := 1 to N do \n begin \n instructions \n end;
case variable of \n meaning : instructions ; \n default: instructions \n end;
Visual Basic
if condition then \n instructions \n end if
while condition \n instructions \n wend
for i = 1 to N step 1 \n instructions \n next
Python
if condition : \n \t instructions \n else: \n \tinstructions \n
for i in range(1, N): \n \t instructions \n
S-Lang
if (condition ) { instructions } else { instructions }
if (condition ) { instructions } else if (condition ) { instructions }
while (condition ) { instructions }
for (i = 0; i<N; i++) { instructions }
switch (variable ) { case case1 : instructions } { case case2 : instructions } ...
Function declaration
basic
value-returning function
C
void foo(parameters) { }
type foo(parameters) { }
C++ (STL)
as above
as above
Java
public or private + as above
public or private +as above
Pascal
procedure foo(...);
function foo(...):type;
Visual Basic
Python
def foo(parameters): \n \t instructions \n
add return value at the end.
S-Lang
define foo (parameters ; qualifiers) { }
define foo (parameters ; qualifiers) { ... return value ; }
Data conversions
string to integer
string to float
integer to string
float to string
C
integer = atoi(string );
float = atof(string );
sprintf(string , "%i", integer );
sprintf(string , "%f", float );
C++
Java
integer = Integer.parseInt(string );
float = Float.parseInt(string );
string = integer ;
string = float ;
Pascal
impossible
impossible
impossible
impossible
Visual Basic
Python
int('5')
float('5.0')
str(5)
str(5.0)
S-Lang
integer = atoi(string );
float = atof(string );
string = string(integer );
string = string(float );
stdin
stdout
stderr
C
scanf( ... );
printf( ... );
fprintf(stderr, ... );
C++
cin >> x ;
cout << x ;
cerr << x ;
Java
x = System.in.read();
System.out.print(x );
System.err.print(x );
Pascal
read( ... ); (or readln( ... );)
write( ... ); (or writeln( ... );)
var IOResult;
Visual Basic
input
print x
?
Python
For numbers: x = input()
For strings: x = raw_input()
print( ... ) string )
sys.stderr.write( string )
S-Lang
fgets (&x, stdin)
fputs (x, stdout)
fputs (x, stderr)
Reading arguments
Argument values
Argument counts
C
char **argv
int argc
C++
as above
as above
Java
string = args[x ];
integer = args.length;
Pascal
Visual Basic
Python
sys.argv
len(sys.argv)
S-Lang
__argv
__argc
