Compound term processing is the name that is used for a category of techniques in Information retrieval applications that performs matching on the basis of compound terms. Compound terms are search terms that contain more than one word, for example "triple" is a single word term but "triple heart bypass" is a compound term.
In August 2003 Concept Searching Limited introduced the idea of using Compound term processing via an article published in INFORMATION MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY (VOL 36 PART 4). A British Library Direct catalogue entry can be found here: [1].
The complete original article can also be downloaded from here: [2].
Compound term processing is important because if allows search (and other Information Retrieval) applications to perform their matching on the basis of multi-word concepts rather than single words in isolation which can be highly ambiguous.
Most search engines simply look for documents that contain the words that the user enters into the search box (aka "keyword search" engines). Boolean search engines add a degree of sophistication by allowing the user to specify additional requirements but most users struggle to comprehend and use the necessary syntax (e.g. Tiger NEAR Woods AND (golf OR golfing) NOT Volkswagen). Phrase search is easier to understand but can lead to many useful documents being missed if they do not contain the exact phrase specified.
Techniques for probabilistic weighting of single word terms dates back to at least 1976 and the landmark publication by Stephen Robertson and Karen Spärck Jones: Relevance weighting of search terms originally published in the Journal of the American Society for Information Science. [3] Professor Stephen Robertson has stated repeatedly that the assumption of word independence is “patently not justified” and exists simply as a “matter of mathematical convenience”.
Compound term processing is a new approach to an old problem: how to improve the relevance of search results without missing anything important whilst maintaining ease of use. By forming compound (i.e. multi-word) terms and placing these in the search engine's index the search can be performed with a higher degree of accuracy because the ambiguity inherent in single words is no longer a problem. A search for survival rates following a triple heart bypass will locate documents about this topic even if this precise phrase is not contained in any document. A concept search using "Compound Term Processing" can extract the key concepts automatically (in this case "survival rates" and "triple heart bypass") and use these to select the most relevant documents.
In 2004 Anna Lynn Patterson filed a number of patents on the subject of "Phrase based indexing and retrieval" and to which Google subsequently acquired the rights. A full discussion of the patents can be found here: Webmaster Woman. The patents themselves can be found online, for example: [4].
Compound term processing is more adaptive than the "phrase based indexing and retrieval" detailed by Anna Lynn Patterson in her patent applications. The "phrase based indexing" is targeted at searching the World Wide Web where Google can utilise their extensive statistical knowledge of common searches to identify candidate phrases. Compound term processing is more suited to Enterprise Search applications where such a priori knowledge is not available.