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Turkish Land Forces

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Turkish Army

Türk Kara Kuvvetleri

File:Turkish Land Forces (Army).gif
Military manpower
Conscription age 20 years of age
Availability males age 18-49: 19,828,702 (2004 est.)
Fit for military service males age 15-49: 11,965,262 (2004 est.)
Active troops 514,850 (Ranked 9th)
Military expenditures
USD figure $12.155 billion (2004) [1]
Percent of GDP 5.3% (2004) [2]

Branch of Turkish Armed Forces, at a short notice, Turkish Army (officialy known as Turkish Land Forces) (Turkish: Türk Kara Kuvvetleri) can deploy 90,000 to 100,000 men strength Army Corps to conduct joint operations. The total number of troops is around 1,000,000. Turkish Army can conduct air assault operations with lift capability of 5 or 6 battalions at a time day and night.

Commander in Chief: General Hilmi Özkök

Branch General: General Yaşar Büyükanıt

History

Turkish Army, later lead by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, played a critical role during the Turkish independece war after the end of World War I. Turkish Army held a number of successfull camapigns against Russian and Armenian millitaries on the Eastern front, against Itallian, French, and British millitaries on the Soulthern front, and against Greek millitary on the western front.

After the independence war, Turkish millitary did not participate in any conflict including World War II aside from several internal issues untill the Korean War (1950–1953).

Under AFSOULTH, The Allied Land Forces Southeastern Europe (LANDSOUTHEAST) was established in 18 February 1952 with its headquarters is in Izmir to be commanded by a United States Army general officer with who would have Turkish and Greek general officers as his deputies. LANDSOUTHEAST was officialy established on 8 September 1952, when the US General Willard G. Wyman assumed command. LANDSOUTHEAST headquarters were innitialy established at Şirinyer, Izmir and was initially staffed by Turkish, Greek and United States military personnel as well as NATO international civilians. In 1954, representation was extended to French, Italian and United Kingdom military personnel. It was at this time that LANDSOUTHEAST moved to its newly constructed headquarters building to Alsancak, Izmir. Later in 1966 French military personnel were withdrawn from LANDSOUTHEAST followed by the Greek withdrawal in 1974.

On 30 December 1977, SHAPE and Turkish military authorities announced another change in the command structure of LANDSOUTHEAST to be effective 1 July 1978. The LANDSOUTHEAST command structure was now lead by a Turkish four star Army general with a US Major General as his deputy. On 30 June 1978, General Sam Walker handed over the command to General Vecihi Akin as the first Turkish commander of LANDSOUTHEAST.

On 20 July 1974 Turkish Army responed to a coup sponored by Greece in Cyprus and continues to maintain millitary presence, the Cyprus Turkish Peace Forces.

The Turkish army has been engaged in a conflict with the Kurdish separatist group Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) since the early 1980s. The fighting, mainly concentrated in southeastern Turkey.

Until the dissolution of the Warsaw Pact in 1990, Turkish Army under LANDSOUTHEAST was responsible for a static defense against Soviet and Warsaw Pact forces in the Caucasus and any possible attack on Thrace.

Between 1993 and 3 March 1995, Turkish Army was a part of Operation United Shield responding to famine conditions in Somalia.

On 1 September 1999 Joint Headquarters Soultheast (JHS) replaced LANDSOUTHEAST due to restructuring in NATO command is the assumption of a joint capability in the southern region, and major changes in the international staffs. The Joint Headquarters Soultheast (JHS) now also includes personnel from Greece, Hungary, Netherlands and Spain.

Structure

Turkish Army is organized into following commands:

These commands consists of following structure:

  • 4 Field armies,
  • 10 Army corps,
  • 2 Mechanized infantery divisions,
  • 2 Mechanized infantery division headquarters (tactical),
  • 1 Infantery division and 1 training division,
  • 14 Mechanized infantery brigades,
  • 14 Armored brigades,
  • 12 Infantery/regional security brigades,
  • 5 Commando brigades,
  • 5 Training brigades.

Insignia

NATO code OF-10 OF-9 OF-8 OF-7 OF-6 OF-5 OF-4 OF-3 OF-2 OF-1
  Turkish Land Forces[1]
                        
Mareşal Orgeneral Korgeneral Tümgeneral Tuğgeneral Albay Yarbay Binbaşı Yüzbaşı Üsteğmen Teğmen Asteğmen
  • 1 Honorary/War time rank.
NATO code OR-9 OR-8 OR-7 OR-6 OR-5 OR-4 OR-3 OR-2 OR-1
  Turkish Land Forces[1]
                       No insignia
Astsubay kıdemli başçavuş Astsubay başçavuş Astsubay kıdemli üstçavuş Astsubay üstçavuş Astsubay kıdemli çavuş Astsubay çavuş Astsubay astçavuş Uzman çavuş Çavuş Uzman onbaşı Onbaşı Er

Main equipment

Turkish Army
Main battle tanks
88 Leopard 1A3T1/TU120
175 Leopard 1A3T1
180 Leopard 1A1A1
720 M 60A3
289 M 60A1 RISE/Passive (170 will undergo a comprehensive Sabra Mk.3 upgrade)
798 M 48A5T2 (Upgraded to M 60A3 Standard)
1789 M 48A5T1 (Upgraded to M 60A1 Standard)
287 M 48T5 (Upgraded to M 60A1 Standard)
658 M 48A3 (Reserve and obsolete. Used for spare parts)
575 M 48A2C (Reserve and obsolete. Used for spare parts)
Armored personnel carriers
650 FNSS Armored infantry fighting vehicle (AIFV)
1381 FNSS Advanced armored personnel carrier (AAPC)
170 FNSS Armored mortar vehicle (AMV) (self propelled 81 mm mortar)
48 FNSS Armored TOW vehicle (ATV)
3162 M 113A/A1/A2/T2/T3
179 M 106A1 (Self propelled M-30 107mm mortar)
10+ M 125A1 (Self propelled M-29 81mm mortar)
156 M 113 TOW
180 BTR-80
5 RN 94 (6X6)
5 Otokar Cobra (4X4)
n/a Otokar Akrep
Rocket launchers
30 WS1A (4X320mm) (6 batteries each with 5 launchers).
12 M270 MLRS (12X227mm)
72 MGM 140 ATACMS Block I
48 TR 107 (12X107mm)
24 RA 7040 (40X70mm)
52+ T 122 CNRA (40X122mm, 40km)
Towed artillery
140 M 155 (203mm)
538 M 114A1/A2 (155mm)
152 M 59 (155mm)
72 Skoda (150mm)
830 M 101A1 (105mm)
12 M 38 Skoda (105mm) (Used in training)
11 105R Metalgun (105mm) (Used in training)
180 M 116 (75mm)
18 T 155 Panter 155/52 FT-2000 (155mm)
Self-propelled artillery
295 M110A2 (203mm)
9 M 55 (203mm)
36 M 107 (175mm)
164 M 44T (155mm) (Upgraded)
360 M 52T (155mm) (Upgraded)
26 M 108T (155mm) (Possible upgrade)
24 T 155 Firtina (K9T) 155/52 SP-2000 (155mm)
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)-propelled artillery
108 Harpy Attack UAV (500 km)
48 Cutlass/Harop (1000 km)
1 I-GNAT Surveillance UAV (500 km)
Anti-aircraft missiles
6 Atilgan KMS (1X8 FIM-92B/C Stinger)
4 Zipkin KMS (1X4 FIM-92 Stinger)
800+ FIM 92B/C Stinger Post/RPM (4882 missiles)
1089 FIM-43A Redeye
42 9M39 Igla (SA-18 Grouse)
Attack helicopters
9 Bell AH1W Super Cobra
27 Bell AH1P Cobra
6 Bell TAH1P Cobra
Air-to-ground missiles
216 Hellfire II K2 (Used in the AH-1W Super Cobra helicopters)
n/a TOW II (Used in the AH-1S/P Cobra helicopters)
Other helicopters
28 Eurocopter AS-532UL Cougar Mk1 (4 SAR, 4 ambulance, 4 VIP, 16 utility)
21 Sikorsky S-70A28 Blackhawk (13 will undergo ASELSAN avionics upgrade, 8 SOF)
52 Sikorsky S-70D28 Blackhawk (5 SAR, 4 ambulance, 41 utility, 2 SOF CSAR)
52 Bell UH-1H/2020-ASAM
42 Bell UH-1H Iroquois (24 training)
20 Bell UH-1D
23 Augusta Bell AB205AT/2020
27 Augusta Bell AB205A1
28 Bell AB206B3 JetRanger
Anti-tank missiles
365 TOW I/II
392+ MILAN With MIRA thermal sights
550 ERYX (1200 missiles)
72 9M113M Konkurs (AT5 Spandrel) (420 missiles)
186 Cobra (Used for training purposes only)
5000+ RPG-7 (40mm)
40.000+ M72 A2 LAW (66mm)
Artillery guns without recoil
2137 M 40A1 (106mm)
1000 M 20(75mm) (in storage)
871 M 18(57mm) (in storage. Small number in use at Marines)
Anti-aircraft guns
110 M 42 (2X40mm)
312 L/70 & L/70T Bofors (40mm) (52 with Officine Galileo P56 optical sight)
600+ L/60 & M1A1 (40mm)
120 Oerlikon GDF-003 (2X35mm)
100+ Oerlikon GDF-001 (2X35mm)
440 Oerlikon GAI-D01 (2X20mm)
300+ Mk 20 Rh202 (2X20mm)
900 M55 (4X12.7mm)
Mortars
578 HY-12Di (120mm)
1265 M-30 (107mm)
n/a UT1 (81mm)
3175 M1/M29 (81mm)
n/a M 19 (60mm)
Automatic grenade launchers
1500+ (40x53mm) (Mk19 copy from Roketsan)
n/a Mk19 Mod3

Source

Template:Turkish Millitary

  1. ^ a b "Kara Kuvvetleri Komutanlığı Rütbe ve İşaretleri". Official army (in Turkish). Retrieved 1 March 2021.
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