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Early Life
Kanika Bandyopadhyay (1924-2000), popularly known by the nickname Mohor di, is one of the most adored exponents of Rabindra Sangeet. Born on October 12, 1924 at Sonamukhi in Bankura district, Kanika joined Vishva Bharati University,Santiniketan in West Bengal, India. She was trained in both classical and Rabindra Sangeet in Sangeet Bhavana (School of Music) at Santiniketan. Shantiniketan (which literally means Abode of Peace) was built on the model of an Ashram (educational hermitage). For this reason Kanika is also occasionally referred to as Ashram Kanya or 'girl of the Ashram'. She was fortunate to take music lessons from none other than Rabindranath Tagore. It was Tagore who christened her Kanika, also the name of one of his books on Poetry. Her other gurus were Dinendra Nath Tagore, Sailajaranjan Majumdar, Indira Devi Chowdhurani and Santidev Ghosh. She participated in dance-dramas directed by Rabindranath and toured all over India as a member of his cultural troupe.
Kanika, the Singer
Kanika Bandyopadhyay is a legend in her own right. She had an inimitable gayaki or musical style that took Rabindra Sangeet to unscaled heights and unexplored depths. Rabindra Sangeet includes songs from various sub-genres like Puja (Worship), Prem (Love), Prakriti (Nature), Swadesh (Nationalism) etc. Typically, Kanika is associated and readily identified with Puja and Prem songs, which, in her soulful rendering, would often merge into one another - love and worship would become one. Sakhi, andhare ekela ghare(O maiden, alone in the darkness of thy room), Tobu, mone rekho(Yet, remember me), Tumi kon bhangoner pathe ele, suptoraate(Which road of devastation did you tread, this sleep-dead night ), Baje karun sure(Flows, in pitiful strains), Dure kothay, dure dure, amar mon beray ghure ghure (My mind wanders where, far, so far), Kar bnashi nishibhore bajilo (Whose flute plays at dawnbreak), Kar milan chao, birahi (Yearn to meet your beloved, Oh separated soul), Tomay natun kore pabo boley harai kshaney kshan O more bhalobashar dhan (in order to get you anew I lose you every moment, Oh, my treasure of love) and Ke basile aaji hridaysane (You who repose on the throne of my heart) etc. are some songs immortalised by Kanika.
Career
Kanika Bandyopadhyay joined Sangeet Bhavana as a teacher and in due course became Head of the Department of Rabindra Sangeet and later its Principal. She was made Professor Emeritus of Visva-Bharati.
Since 1943, Kanika had been a regular artiste of the Calcutta station of All India Radio and gave performances at the national level in the musical programmes arranged by other stations as honoured artiste. Her gramophone records came out even in the lifetime of the Poet (Tagore) and there are over 300 gramophone discs to her credit. She was also an outstanding singer of Bhajans, Nazrulgeeti (songs by Kazi Nazrul Islam) and Atulprasad's songs.
Kanika was invited to sing by programme organizers not only in India but also in Europe and America and was acclaimed everywhere for her unique rendering of the subtle nuances of emotions expressed in Rabindranath' s lyrical compositions. Her contribution in popularising Rabindra Sangeet is immesurable. She has written three books on this genre. Her life has been well-documented on film by noted film directors. She was associated with the Elmhirst Institute of Community Studies during the last years of her life.
Visva-Bharati offered her its highest accolade, the Desikottama, in 1997.
Trivia
Kanika Bandyopadhyay was a contemporary of other notable exponents of Rabindra Sangeet, namely Suchitra Mitra, Debabrata Biswas, Shantidev Ghosh and Subinoy Roy. In particular, her musical style has often been compared and contrasted with that of Suchitra Mitra. While both singers excelled in songs of love and worship (puja and prem), Kanika's oeuvre was melodious yet melancholy, plaintive yet soul-stirring, whereas Suchitra was bold and strong in her renditions.
The celebrated Bengali filmmaker Satyajit Ray used the song Baje karun sure sung by Kanika, in his film Manihara - the second film of the Trilogy Teen Kanya (Three Daughters).
Kanika was married to Birendra Chandra Bandypadhyay, former deputy librarian of Viswa Bharati University, in 1945. The couple had no children. In her later life, Kanika receded herself to a reclusive lifestyle and led the simple life of an ashramite in Santiniketan.
Kanika breathed her last at the age of 76, on Wednesday April 5 2000, at SSKM Hospital in Calcutta after a prolonged illness involving lung and cardiac problems. She left behind her a school of music, with numerous students, who bore the legacy of her very own stylization of Rabindra Sangeet. Of her students, Rezwana Choudhury Banya, the singer from Bangladesh, is perhaps the most well-known, for her striking similarity to Kanika's singing style.
Excerpt from Obituary
In his Obituary: "Nightingale of Rabindrasangeet is no more" published on April 5, 2000, Sankar Roy beautifully summarises his experience of Kanika Bandyopadhyay as a singer:
My memory takes me back to a rainy evening in 1960. All India Radio was broadcasting a programme directly from Santiniketan Ashramik Sangha. Amidst heavy rain, a melodious voice reverberated around. It was Kanika Bandyopadhyay rendering Saghana Gahana Ratri Jharichhey Shrabanadhara (heavy downpour amidst the darkness of night). I still remember the melodious voice of Mohardi as she used to be known....For those for us whose youth had been conditioned by the aesthetic and cultural traditions set out by singers like Kanika Bandyopadhyay, Debabrata Biswas, Subinoy Ray, and Rajeshwari Dutta, it is difficult to write on Mohardi. Next time when I shall go to Shantiniketan, no more shall I have the opportunity to be amidst the melodious breeze that carried her voice as often she used to sing from her house there. Farewell, Mohardi, you remain as ever-lit star in the horizon of our aesthetic sense.
