Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTHC or PTC) is a diagnostic test used to visualize the anatomy of the biliary tract. A contrast medium is injected into a bile duct in the liver, after which X-rays are taken. It has various purposes, such as the visualisation of the biliary tree in cases where endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has been unsuccessful. Initially reported in 1937, the procedure became popular after a 1952 report in the English-language literature.[1][2] If the biliary system is obstructed, PTC may be used to drain bile until a permanent solution for the obstruction is performed (e.g. surgery). Advancement of the percutaneous cannula through the biliary tract to the duodenum may aid in visualising the ampulla of Vater during further attempts at ERCP. Following access to the biliary tree, self expanding metal stents can be placed over a guidewire across malignant biliary strictures. This can be used where therapeutic ERCP has been unsuccessful or where there has been separation of the segmental biliary drainage of the liver, allowing more selective placement of metal stents.
References
- ^ Carter RF, Saypol GM (1952). "Transabdominal cholangiography". Journal of the American Medical Association. 148 (4): 253–5. PMID 14888454.
- ^ Atkinson M, Happey MG, Smiddy FG (1960). "Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography". Gut. 1: 357–65. PMC 1413224. PMID 13684978.
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