Nullsoft Scriptable Install System (NSIS) is a script-driven Windows installation system with minimal overhead backed by Nullsoft, the creators of Winamp. NSIS has risen to popularity as a widely used alternative to commercial and proprietary products like InstallShield.
| Nullsoft Scriptable Install System | |
|---|---|
 NSIS Installer | |
| Developer(s) | Nullsoft |
| Stable release | 2.46
/ December 5, 2009 |
| Repository | |
| Written in | C, C++ |
| Operating system | Windows, POSIX |
| Type | Software development tools |
| License | zlib license |
| Website | nsis.sourceforge.net |
NSIS is free software released under a combination of free software licenses, primarily the zlib license.[1]
History
NSIS was created to distribute Winamp. It is based on a previous Nullsoft product, PiMP (plugin Mini Packager), and is also known as SuperPiMP. After version 2.0a0, the project was moved to SourceForge where developers outside of Nullsoft started working on it on a regular basis. NSIS 2.0 was released approximately two years later.
NSIS version 1 is in many ways similar to the classic Windows Installer, but it is easier to script and supports more compression formats. NSIS version 2 features a new streamlined graphical user interface and supports LZMA compression, multiple languages, and an easy to use plugin system.
Concepts
Script
The NSIS compiler program makensis compiles scripts like the following example into executable installation programs. Each line in the script contains a single command.
# Example script
Name "Example1"
OutFile "example1.exe"
InstallDir "$PROGRAMFILES\Example1"
Page Directory
Page InstFiles
Section
SetOutPath $INSTDIR
File ..\makensis.exe
SectionEnd
Modern User Interface
Version 2.0 introduced a new optional streamlined graphical user interface called Modern UI (MUI). The MUI has a wizard-like interface. It supports a welcome page, finish page, language selection dialog, description area for components, and greater customization options than the old user interface.
# Modern UI example script
!include MUI.nsh
Name "Example 2"
OutFile "Example2.exe"
!insertmacro MUI_PAGE_WELCOME
!insertmacro MUI_PAGE_LICENSE "license.rtf"
!insertmacro MUI_PAGE_DIRECTORY
!insertmacro MUI_PAGE_COMPONENTS
!insertmacro MUI_PAGE_INSTFILES
!insertmacro MUI_PAGE_FINISH
!insertmacro MUI_LANGUAGE "English"
!insertmacro MUI_LANGUAGE "German"
!insertmacro MUI_LANGUAGE "French"
Section "Extract makensis"
SetOutPath $INSTDIR
File ..\makensis.exe
SectionEnd
Since NSIS version 2.30 (Released on August 25th, 2007) there is new version (beta) of this UI accessible: Modern UI 2 (MUI2) which is an enhancement to Modern UI. Unlike the old MUI this version is based on nsDialogs instead of old-fashioned InstallOptions .ini files.
From version 2.34 (Released on December 24th, 2007) this MUI2 is ready for mass consumption and it is included in all NSIS packages. Also all examples had been switched to it. Modern UI 2 documentation.
Plugins
NSIS can be extended with plugins that can communicate with the installer. Plugins can be written in C, C++, and Delphi, and can be used to perform installation tasks or extend the installer interface. A plugin can be called with a single line of NSIS code.
Several plugins come with the NSIS package that permit the installer to display a splash screen, display a custom page, display an image on the background, download files from a website, perform mathematical operations, patch files and more.
Other plugins are available online, including ZipDLL, and a Python plugin.
Features
Notable products that use NSIS
|
More are listed on the NSIS WWW Site
Graphical Interfaces
NSIS projects can be configured by simply editing text files (with .nsi extension). However, several third parties provide editing software:
- EclipseNSIS is a module for the Eclipse platform. It allows NSIS scripts to be edited, compiled and validated.
- HM NIS Edit (freeware) probably the best NSIS editor with support of custom C++/Delphi plug-ins.
- Venis (freeware) editor with lot of functions.
Installer interfaces
Several projects that extend or replace the Modern UI have started in the past few years. Interfaces such as the ExperienceUI and UltraModernUI completely change the style of the installer by skinning it to look like the InstallShield interface. Other interfaces like InstallSpiderUI aim for a more minimalistic approach on the visual side of things while maintaining the same level of functionality as the Modern UI.
There are also few projects based on Modern UI 2 interface, which enrich its functionality and allow completely to re-skin the installer: Graphical Installer (paid for commercial purposes, but free for personal use). Its main advantage is, that it is really easy to convert standard MUI and MUI2 based installers into fully skinned installers with custom graphic - background, buttons, check boxes. Newer versions also include a plug-in for HM NIS Edit which provides a Wizard that enables to create fully working script in just a few seconds. For all features see Graphical Installer page at NSIS.
Generated installer
The generated installer is a Portable Executable, with the installation files archived within the installer, a 34 KB overhead for the NSIS installer,[3] and the installation script compiled into executable code. As the installation script is compiled, the script can not be obtained from the delivered executable without reverse-engineering the binary.
The archive may be unpacked using either 7-Zip, the Total Commander plugin "InstallExplorer", or the predecessor by the same name for the FAR Manager.
The archive contains several folders:
- $PLUGINSDIR : installation routine plugins
- $INSTDIR : files used during the installation
- $_OUTDIR : files to be installed.
Unicode support
The official release of NSIS does not support Unicode but only a means to convert some files to different encodings via a plugin.[4] However, Jim Park has created and is maintaining a variant of NSIS that has full Unicode support.[5]
Notable projects that have moved over to using Jim Park's Unicode variant are[6]:
- Google (Picasa)
- OpenOffice.org for Windows
- Mozilla (Firefox, Mozilla Thunderbird)
- FileZilla
- Winamp
- flickr
- PortableApps.com
Unrelated NSIS Media malware
A widespread malware company named itself NSIS Media. NSIS Media and NSIS are not related by anything but name. A few users[who?] incorrectly allege that every installer built with NSIS contains this malware.[citation needed] Choosing a reliable download source, as with everything downloaded from the Internet, should be done to avoid this malware.
Several antivirus companies have labeled plugins such as NSISdl, which provides HTTP downloading functionality, as trojans.[7] This is also incorrect. While NSIS is a scriptable system and thus could be used to create malware, that is not its primary purpose and this condition in fact applies to all programming languages.
See also
- List of installation software
- Excelsior Installer (freeware setup authoring tool with NSIS integration)
References
External links
