Muhammad Iqbal
Sir Muhammad Iqbal (Sialkot, 9 novembre 1877 – Lahore, 21 aprile 1938) è stato un poeta e filosofo pakistano di origine indiana.
Viene considerato il poeta nazionale pakistano. Muhammed Iqbal viene spesso titolato "Allama Iqbal" (in in arabo علامہ اقبال?).[1] Si tratta di un titolo onorifico nel senso di "erudito". La maggioranza delle sue opere sono state scritte in lingua persiana.
Iqbal conseguì il suo Master of Arts in Filosofia a Lahore, allora parte dell'India britannica. Tra il 1905 e il 1907 studiò giurisprudenza e filosofia a Cambridge, Monaco di Baviera e Heidelberg. Erano questi gli anni che portarono il giovane Iqbal a paragonare l'Oriente e le sue filosofie con quelle dell'Occidente. Consapevole che la cultura islamica era in declino, sviluppò al suo ritorno in patria il desiderio di riportare la cultura musulmana alle antiche glorie spirituali. Per ottenere ciò predicò la solidarietà islamica.
Tra le sue opere più importanti Asrar-e Khudi ("I segreti di Dio"), 1915 e Payam-e-Mashriq ("il messaggio dell'Est", 1923), che fu scritto come risposta a Il divano occidentale-orientale di Goethe. Allama Iqbal lasciò non solo innumerevoli opere poetiche ma influenzò la politica e la filosofia; in questo fu molto vicino al genio universale Goethe, che Iqbal ammirava in maniera profonda.
Nel 1930 in funzione di presidente della conferenza della Lega musulmana Iqbal lottò per uno Stato musulmano separato nel sub-continente indiano: un Pakistan indipendente.
A Monaco di Baviera nel quartiere di Schwabing; nella piazza Habsburgerplatz, dove Iqbal abitava da studente, è stato eretto un monumento a sua memoria.
A Heidelberg 1200 m di sponda del fiume Neckar sono dedicati al filosofo, poeta, politico Iqbal.
In Italia la sua opera è stata divulgata da Alessandro Bausani.
A poet is a person who composes verses according to the accepted norms of political artistry.T.S Eliet says "he keeps in view the past and presnt and writes for the future".He utters universal that touches the hearts and sets ablaze the passions. " The poet of the East" Allama muhammad Iqbal was born in the city of sialkot on 9 nov 1877.Before his birth his father saw a dream that there was a crowd of people in the open arena waiting for a golden bird but it landed in the lap of Sheikh noor Muhammad,the very father of Iqbal.And that dream was on the night he was born. He got his early education from a renowned scholar molvi Mir hassan who specifically taught him arabic and persian. he did his intermediate from murray college sialkot and went to lohre for highe studies. he got admission in famous government College lahore and did his graduation and masters in philosophy. There he was taught by Pf arnold and Nicholsan who shapped his personality. After that he taught in Govt college Lahore and started writing poetry. But the ambition to gain higher knowledge was quite intense.He went to london for Bar-at- law and Munich for his Ph.d .He returned in 1908.Gradually he began writing poetry on the platform of anjman himayat-e-Islam and became celebrity.His first book was Bang-e-darra. Then he took part in politics and became the member of Punjab legislative counci. But poetry remained his passion. he got the idea of sepreat homeland for the Muslims when during the meeting in Allahabad he delivered his presidential address.He said that it seemed yo him,a destiny of the muslims of the sub-continent to have a sepreat homeland.his dreamed come true on 14 aug 1947 after his death.he died on the 21 april 1938.His most famous works are zarb-e-kaleem ,Zaboor-e-ajam, Piyam-e- mashriq,Ball-e-jibrael and Isaar-e-khudi etc. His poetry was full of revoultionary ideas.It inspired the youth of Muslim Ummah to rise up and throw away the yoke of slavery.He convyed the message of hope and optimism to the depressed nation.His poetry is full of lessons of courage and bravery. Iqbal was not onlty a great poet but also a great leader of thought.He placed before the people his philosophy of self-realisation,which means the realisation of the capacities of one,s soul.His poetry inspires us to a life of struggle against the foece of evil.He is our national hero and that is, indeed, a very great honour for a poet .to a pakistan he is as great a poet as Shaespeare to an Englishman.His mausoleum is outside Baadshahi Mosque lahore.
Altri progetti
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