Comparison of programming languages

The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of programming languages. Please see the individual products' articles for further information. The table only includes languages that are widely used and currently available.

	General model of execution	Influences	Principal paradigm	Typing discipline	Introduced	Usage trend (www.tiobe.com)
Ada	Compilation	Algol, Pascal, C++ (Ada 95), Smalltalk (Ada 95)	multi-paradigm: concurrent, distributed, generic-programming, imperative, object-oriented	static, strong, safe, nominative	1983	-1
BASIC	?	FORTRAN II, ALGOL 60	?	?	1963	+1
C	Compilation	Algol, BCPL	procedural	static, weak	Early 1970	-1
C++	Compilation	C, Simula, Algol 68	multi-paradigm: imperative, object-oriented, generic	static, weak	1979	+1
C#	JIT compilation	Java, C++	object-oriented	dynamic, strong, both safe and unsafe, nominative	2001	+1
COBOL	Compilation	?	?	?	1959	-3
ColdFusion	Compilation	?	?	?	1995	+9
Common Lisp	Interpretation	Lisp, Smalltalk	multi-paradigm: functional, object-oriented	dynamic	1994	?
D	Compilation	C++	?	?	2000	+10
Delphi/Kylix	?	?	?	?	1995	-3
Java	Interpretation/JIT compilation/Dynamic compilation	C++, Objective-C	object-oriented	static, strong	1996	+1
Objective-C	Compilation/JIT compilation	C, Smalltalk	object-oriented	dynamic, strong	1986	?
Perl	Interpretation	C, shell, awk, sed, lisp	multi-paradigm: imperative, object-oriented	dynamic	1987	-3
PHP	Interpretation	Perl, C	multi-paradigm: imperative, object-oriented	dynamic, strong	1995	?
Python	Interpretation	ABC, Perl	multi-paradigm: imperative, object-oriented, functional	dynamic, strong, duck	1990	+1
Ruby	Interpretation	Smalltalk, Perl	multi-paradigm: imperative, object-oriented, functional, concurrent	dynamic, strong, duck	1995	+14
Scheme	Interpretation	Lisp	functional	dynamic	1970s	?
Smalltalk	JIT compilation	Sketchpad, Simula	object-oriented	dynamic	1971	?

1. ^ From the first column of the May, 2006 TIOBE Programming Community Index. Languages are ranked sequentially from most popular to least popular based on the world-wide availability of skilled engineers, courses, and third party vendors. Google, MSN, and Yahoo are used to calculate the rank. In determining popularity for a language, the language may include or exclude other languages or derivatives. See what languages are included or excluded in the Groupings and exceptions chart below or here.
2. ^ From the Delta in Position column of the May, 2006 TIOBE Programming Community Index. This number indicates the language's change in popularity over the last year. In determining the usage trend for a language, the language may include or exclude other languages or derivatives. See what languages are included or excluded in the Groupings and exceptions chart below or here.

Exceptions and inclusions used in determining Popularity and Usage trend

Language	Exceptions/Inclusions
Awk	Included: awk, gawk, mawk, nawk
C#	Included: C#, C-Sharp, C Sharp
ColdFusion	Included: ColdFusion, Cold Fusion, CFMX, CFML
D	Exception: "3-D Programming"
Delphi/Kylix	Included: Delphi, Kylix
IDL	Exception: "corba"
Lisp/Scheme	Included: Lisp, Scheme
Python	Included: Python, Jython, IronPython (Jan Persson)
T-SQL	Included: T-SQL, Transact-SQL
Tcl/Tk	Included: Tcl/Tk, Tcl, Tk
VB.NET	Included: VB.NET, Visual Basic.NET, Visual Basic .NET, Visual Basic 2005, VB 2005
Visual FoxPro	Included: FoxPro, Fox Pro, VFP