Utente:Marrabbio2/Progetto Forme di Vita

L'IsopodeAnilocra gigantea mentre parassita un esemplare di Pristipomoides filamentosus

I parassiti colpiscono i pesci così come tutte le altre classi animali.

I parassiti più numerosi sono i protozoi, ma decine sono le specie di vermi (Nematodi, Platelminti, [[Anellida|Anellidi e Trematodi), Dinoflagellati, alcune specie di celenterati (Myxozoa), crostacei isopodi e funghi (Glugea, fungo Microsporidia)

Parasites in fish are a natural occurrence and common. Parasites can provide information about host population ecology. In fisheries biology, for example, parasite communities can be used to distinguish distinct populations of the same fish species co-inhabiting a region. Additionally, parasites possess a variety of specialized traits and life-history strategies that enable them to colonize hosts. Understanding these aspects of parasite ecology, of interest in their own right, can illuminate parasite-avoidance strategies employed by hosts.

Usually parasites (and pathogens) need to avoid killing their hosts, since extinct hosts can mean extinct parasites. Evolutionary constraints may operate so parasites avoid killing their hosts, or the natural variability in host defensive strategies may suffice to keep host populations viable.[1] Parasite infections can impair the courtship dance of male threespine sticklebacks. When that happens, the females reject them, suggesting a strong mechanism for the selection of parasite resistance."[2]

However not all parasites want to keep their hosts alive, and there are parasites with multistage life cycles who go to some trouble to kill their host. For example, some tapeworms make some fish behave in such a way that a predatory bird can catch it. The predatory bird is the next host for the parasite in the next stage of its life cycle.[3] Specifically, the tapeworm Schistocephalus solidus turns infected threespine stickleback white, and then makes them more buoyant so that they splash along at the surface of the water, becoming easy to see and easy to catch for a passing bird.[4]

Other parasitic disorders, include Gyrodactylus salaris, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, cryptocaryon, velvet disease, Brooklynella hostilis, Hole in the head, Glugea, Ceratomyxa shasta, Kudoa thyrsites, Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae, Cymothoa exigua, leeches, nematode, flukes, Platyhelminthes, carp lice and salmon lice

Note

  1. ^ Errore nelle note: Errore nell'uso del marcatore <ref>: non è stato indicato alcun testo per il marcatore Moyle615
  2. ^ Bronseth T and Folstad I (1997) "The effects of parasites on courtship dance in threespine sticklebacks: More than meets the eye?" Canadian Journal of Zoology, 75:589–594.
  3. ^ Milinski, Manfred M (1985) "Risk of Predation of Parasitized Sticklebacks (Gasterosteus Aculeatus L.) Under Competition for Food " Behaviour, 93 (14): 203-216.
  4. ^ LoBue, C. P. and M. A. Bell. 1993. "Phenotypic manipulation by the cestode parasite Schistocephalus solidus of its intermediate host, Gasterosteus aculeatus, the threespine stickleback" American Naturalist 142:725–735.


Boh

 Progetto:Forme di vita/Come leggere il tassobox
Come leggere il tassobox
Nothobranchius
 
Maschio di Nothobranchius rachovii
Classificazione scientifica
DominioEukaryota
RegnoAnimalia
PhylumChordata
ClasseActinopterygii
OrdineCyprinodontiformes
FamigliaNothobranchiidae
GenereNothobranchius
Myers, 1924

Nothobranchius è un genere comprendente 59 specie di pesci d'acqua dolce appartenenti alla famiglia Nothobranchiidae.

Diffusione e habitat

Queste specie sono endemiche dell'Africa orientale tropicale, dove vivono in pozze e piccoli corsi d'acqua delle foreste pluviali e delle savane.

Specie

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

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