Utente:Jacklab72/Blocco Note

Storia

La prima comparsa documentata di rilevanza dell'agility dog fu come intrattenimento allo show canino Crufts nel 1978. John Varley, un membro della commissione dello spettacolo dell'anno precedente, venne incaricato di organizzare un evento che unisse sia l'agilità e l'obbedienza del cane e che rialzasse l'audience della manifestazione, da anni ormai in calo. Varley chiese assistenza all'addestratore di cani Peter Meanwell, ed insieme presentarono un vasto percorso a ostacoli, che ricordava quelli presenti nelle gare equestri, per mostrare al pubblico la velocità e l'agilità dei cani. Molti ostacoli usati dai moderni addetti ai lavori erano già presenti a quella dimostrazione, inclusi l''Over & Under' (la combinazione di una passerella con un tubo), il 'Tyre Hoop' (lo pneumatico), il 'Weaving Flags' (il moderno slalom) e il 'Canvass Tunnel' (l'attuale tunnel morbido).

Nel giornale specializzato Our Dogs venne riportato che nel 1974 Meanwell fu o testimone o partecipante in una gara ad una fiera agricola, anticipando così in larga misura la nascita ufficiale dell'agility dog. Secondo qualche descrizione orale, c'era una dimostrazione con scopo simile ancora precedente, usando articoli da parco giochi per bambini come l'altalena e il tunnel, anche se questo non è stato documentato. Un'altra versione attribuisce gli altri ostacoli all'esibizione della Royal Air Force K-9 Corps che al tempo, versione che pare più plausibile, diede vita al primo regolamento per l'agility nel Regno Unito.

Per l'edizione del 1978 del Crufts Show, la dimostrazione intrigò subito i padroni di cani a causa della sua velocità e per l'abilità degli animali nel seguire il movimento delle mani. Gli spettatori lo vollero vedere di unovo, e addirittura volettero che il loro cani fossero in grado di partecipare e di effettuare il percorso. La dimostrazione fu così popolare che, a mano a mano, vennero organizzate competizioni, dapprima locali fino ad arrivare, talvolta, a competizioni di livello internazionale. Dal 1979, molti centri di addestramento cani inglesi offrivano il corso di addestramento per il nuovo sport, e quel dicembre la prima competizione Agility Stakes fu unita all'International Horse Show a Olympia a Londra.

Nel 1980, The Kennel Club divenne la prima organizzazione a riconoscere l'agility come uno sport ufficiale con la stesura di un regolamento, e il primo evento a essere effettuato sotto il nuovo regolamento fu appunto il Crufts Show di quell'anno. Il giudice dell'evento fu Peter Meanwell, con Peter Lewis come notaio. Peter Lewis e John Gilbert (uno dei pochi concorrenti, che parteciparono all'edizione del 1978, che continuò a participare alla competizione, ad addestrare e a fare il giudice) andarono a mostrare per tutta l'Europa e in tutto il Mondo il dilagante sport. Il 1983 vide la fondazione di club di agility, il primo club nazionale di agility nel Regno Unito chiamato Agility Voice e il primo magazine interamente dedicato allo sport cinofilo di tanto successo.

Durante i primi anni, i cani più piccoli non erano molto considerati nel Regno Unito, avendo tutti cani con taglia superiore ai 45 cm e quindi di taglia Large. Le cose cominciarono a cambiare durante i primi anni 80 con l'inserimento della classe Mini. La prima gara di Agility per i cani di taglia Mini si tenne a Olympia nel dicembre del 1987. La classe per i cani di taglia media venne introdotta negli anni 90, nonostante non abbiano abuto una loro gara nel Regno Unito fino al 2005 sempre a Olympia.

Nel 1992, il primo show lungo una settimana chiamato Dogs in Need, in sostegno dei cani in difficoltà, venne organizzato a Malvern in Inghilterra, con un totale di 885 cani e con 5.879 spettatori. Dogs in Need è tuttora uno dei tanti eventi di agility organizzati dal Kennel Club a prendere luogo ogni anno. L'Agility dog aveva quindi raggiunto nel Regno Unito il punto di maggior successo e di popolarità del Kennel Club, che presenteva ogni giorno più di 10 percorsi diversi.

Nel corso degli anni 90, l'agility dog nel Regno Unito fu monopolizzata dal Kennel Club, con i suoi innumerevoli show, gli unici ad essere continuamente pubblicizzati. Questa situazione cambiò finalmente nel 2003 con la comparsa sulla scena di show organizzati dall'East Midlands Dog Agility Club (EMDAC). Il Kennel Club inizialmente tentò di difendere il suo monopolio, prima di accettare che i club e le organizzazioni esterne potevano organizzare show di agility senza la paura di provvedimenti disciplinari dal Kennel Club contro gli organizzatori e i concorrenti.

Questa decisione portò ad una esplosione del numero degli show non affiliate al Kennel Club. Molti di questi erano (e lo sono ancora) organizzati da club indipendenti come eventi unici, ma solo un piccolo numero di organizzazioni cominciarono ad emergere come Agility Addicts, UK Agility e It Barks, tutte fondate nel 2004. In addition to providing agility competitors with a wider range of choices in the type of show they wish to attend, they have acted as a catalyst in encouraging the Kennel Club to review its own agility rules and attitude towards the sport.

History in the United States

In the United States, several people experimented with dog agility based generally on the KC rules. The first exhibitions took place in the early 1980s.

USDAA's influence

In 1985, Kenneth Tatsch collaborated with his local obedience club and others, and began putting on exhibitions in Texas. A year later he founded the United States Dog Agility Association (USDAA) and incorporated in January 1987 in Texas. To promote the sport, USDAA secured Pedigree Dog Food (formerly Kal Kan Dog Food, a sister company to Chum Dog Food, the guiding sponsor in the UK) as a sponsor, and the first national championship tournament series in North America — the Grand Prix of Dog Agility — was introduced in 1988 at the Astro World Series of Dog Shows in Houston, Texas.

Until 1990, USDAA agility competitions were only for placement ribbons, but at that time the USDAA began offering agility titles, for which the dog had to perform to certain standards in several competitions to earn scores towards the various titles. At first, the only titles offered were the Agility Dog (AD), or starters-level title; the AAD Advanced Agility Dog (AAD), or intermediate-level title, and the Master Agility Dog (MAD), or expert-level title. This increased the appeal for all dog owners; one's dog did not have to be a superstar to succeed at agility, but could simply be good enough and fast enough to meet the requirements to earn title points. USDAA's vision was far broader than a single class, and in 1994, USDAA introduced an expansive titling program to incorporate title recognition in each of four nonstandard classes (those other than the basic form) — gamblers choice, jumping, snooker agility, and relay.

In 1988, almost no one had heard of dog agility in the United States, while meanwhile in England it had become an extremely popular sport, drawing hundreds of spectators. By 1989, however, when the USDAA Grand Prix of Dog Agility was first filmed for TV, nearly 2000 spectators attended the final round. Just a year later, attendance neared 4000. The event's popularity sparked interest around the country, and in 1989, Tatsch expanded the tournament to include local qualifying events, hosted by groups formed by competitors in attendance at the Grand Prix the prior year in Texas. The tournament grew rapidly, jumping from 8 events in 1989 to more than 150 local and regional championship events in 2004, in five countries, leading to a World Championship event. Tatsch also named his first Advisory Board composed of experienced trainers and agility enthusiasts from different parts of the country, who began working on a set of regulations for titling programs that were adopted in May 1990.

Meanwhile, the agility equipment used by the USDAA mirrored its British counterparts, as did the basic rules for the standard agility course. USDAA also introduced Jumpers Classes and other nonstandard classes from Great Britain, such as Gamblers and Snooker, which encourage handlers to design their own courses under strict sets of rules established by the judge on the day of competition, and the Relay, which pairs up two dogs and two handlers to take on a course resembling the standard agility course.

AKC

In 1987, Charles (Bud) Kramer founded the National Club for Dog Agility (NCDA) in Manhattan, Kansas with the goal of convincing the AKC to recognize agility as a sport. The AKC, which for decades had sanctioned conformation shows, obedience trials, and other dog sports joined the agility world in 1994. When the AKC entered the field, each competition had only one standard course. The first AKC event to include a sanctioned agility match was held in August at the St. Croix Valley Kennel Club Show in Lake Elmo, Minnesota. Sanctioning by the AKC made the rapidly growing sport nearly explode in the United States, as AKC handlers began exploring USDAA and NADAC competitions as ways to expand their agility experience. A few years later, AKC introduced its own version of the Jumpers course, which included weave poles as did the International rules but which NADAC and USDAA did not include.

Additional organizations

Bob and Marliu Basin created the American Agility Associates in Colorado. Neither of these organizations lasted much beyond the early 1990s. In 1993, Sharon Nelson founded her own agility corporation, the North American Dog Agility Council (NADAC), using a slightly different set of rules and concepts. At that time, NADAC and USDAA used the same equipment and had similar rules for the standard numbered and jumpers courses; NADAC also included the Gamblers event in its rulebook.

The United Kennel Club (UKC) introduced its own rules at about the same time; UKC agility has evolved into a different kind of sport than that provided by AKC, USDAA, and international agility organizations, involving more control of the dog over complicated obstacles rather than speed and accuracy over basic obstacles.

When the FCI introduced its international agility championships, it continued its affiliation with purebred kennel clubs around the world, including the AKC, allowing the AKC to choose a team from among its registered competitors. As a result, many top-level American dogs without AKC registration were shut out of international competition. To compensate, two additional organizations — the International Agility Link (organized through email) and the World Dog Show — sponsored international competitions starting around 1996 that allowed any competing dogs to be part of their country's teams; the World Dog Show affiliated with the USDAA, while the IAL remained independent. The World Dog Show hosted a couple of international championships but financially could not continue, so the USDAA began pursuing its own affiliations with other organizations and clubs worldwide to start its own International Championships. In 2001, the Grand Prix of Dog Agility®, previously national in scope reached beyond North American boundaries and became a truly international event, hosting teams from several countries on other continents.

Meanwhile, in the early 1990s, the Australian Shepherd Club of America (ASCA) decided to provide its own sanctioning rules for agility in lockstep with NADAC, so that one could earn either ASCA or NADAC titles, or both, at dual-sanctioned events. However, over time, NADAC moved away from the International standards, focusing on its own vision of a faster but less physically stressful environment. It has gradually eliminated or changed many of the obstacles so that its equipment specifications and many of its rules no longer match those of the USDAA, AKC, or FCI. As of May 31st, 2006, ASCA and NADAC no longer dual sanction trials, and the ASCA agility program has returned to an earlier set of rules that more closely match those of the rest of the agility community.

In 1998, Canine Performance Events (CPE) was founded by Linda Eickholdt, who took suggestions from other exhibitors, judges and host clubs, and created an organization with more common and new unique games classes as well as the standard agility course. Jump heights do not exceed a dog's measured height, although an owner may enter a higher height if they wish to. CPE agility continues to grow in the United States.

Bud Houston founded the Teacup Dog Agility Association (TDAA) for small dogs. The purpose of the TDAA is to provide challenges similar to that experienced by larger dogs in other venues. Obstacles are placed closer together and obstacle sizes are miniaturized to accommodate smaller dogs.

Continuing changes

The sport of agility continues to grow and change in the United States. Every year brings the addition of new clubs and new classes. The rules for each organization go through periodic review as well, requiring that competitors in each organization keep up with the current rules, regulations, and class offerings.