The Trevi Fountain (in Italian, Fontana di Trevi) is the largest, standing 85 feet high (25.9 meters) and 65 feet wide (19.8 meters), and most ambitious of the Baroque fountains of Rome. According to the current political division of the center of Rome, it is placed in the rione Trevi.
Pre-1629 history of the aqueduct and the fountain site
The fountain at the juncture of three roads (tre vie) marks the terminal point of the Aqua Virgo (in Italian: Acqua Vergine), one of the ancient aqueducts that supplied water to Rome. In 19 BC, supposedly with the help of a virgin, Roman technicians located a source of pure water only 14 miles (22 km) from the city. (This scene is presented on the present fountain's facade). This Aqua Virgo led the water directly into the Baths of Agrippa. It served Rome for more than four hundred years. The "coup de grace" for the urban life of late classical Rome came when the Goth besiegers broke the aqueducts. Medieval Romans were reduced to polluted wells and the dangerous water of the Tiber, which was also used as a sewer.
The Roman custom of building a handsome fountain at the endpoint of an aqueduct that brought water to Rome was revived in the 15th century, with the Renaissance. In 1453, Pope Nicholas V finished mending the Acqua Vergine aqueduct and built a simple basin, designed by the humanist architect Leon Battista Alberti, to herald the water's arrival.
The present fountain
Commissioning, construction and design
In 1629, Pope Urban VIII, finding the earlier fountain insufficiently dramatic, asked Bernini to sketch possible renovations, but when the Pope died the project was abandoned. Bernini's lasting contribution was to resite the fountain from the other side of the square to face the Quirinal Palace (so the Pope could look down and enjoy it). Though Bernini's project was torn down for Salvi's fountain, there are many Bernini touches in the fountain as it was built.
Competitions had become the rage during the Renaissance and Baroque periods to redesign buildings, fountains, and even the Spanish Steps. In 1730 Pope Clement XII organized another contest which Nicola Salvi actually lost — but was given the job anyway. Work began in 1732 and was finished in 1762, long after Clement's death, when Pietro Bracci's 'Neptune' was set in the central niche (illustration, left).
Salvi died in 1751, with his work half-finished, but before he went he made sure a stubborn barber's unsightly sign would not spoil the ensemble, hiding it behind a sculpted vase. The Trevi Fountain was finished in 1762 by Giuseppe Pannini, who substituted the present bland allegories for planned sculptures of Agrippa and "Trivia", the Roman virgin.
Restoration
The fountain was refurbished in 1998; the stonework was scrubbed and the fountain provided with recirculating pumps and oxidizers.
Iconography
The backdrop for the fountain is the Palazzo Poli, given a new facade with a giant order of Corinthian pilasters that link the two main stories. Taming of the waters is the theme of the gigantic scheme that tumbles forward, mixing water and rockwork, and filling the small square. Tritons guide Neptune's shell chariot, taming seahorses (hippocamps).
In the center is superimposed a robustly modelled triumphal arch.
The center niche or exedra framing Neptune has free-standing columns for maximal light-and-shade. In the niches flanking Neptune, Abundance spills water from her urn and Salubrity holds a cup from which a snake drinks. Above, bas reliefs illustrate the Roman origin of the aqueducts.
The tritons and horses provide symmetrical balance, with the maximum contrast in their mood and poses (by 1730, the rococo is already in full bloom in France and Germany).
The 17th century Trevi fountain in popular culture
Music
Classical Music
One of Resphigi's Fontane di Roma
Popular song
Three Coins in the Fountain (song)
Film
- 'Three Coins in the Fountain'
- it had the honour of drenching Anita Ekberg in Federico Fellini's La Dolce Vita.
- A scene in 'The Lizzie Mcguire Movie'
- A scene in 'Sabrina Goes to Rome'
Lucky coin throwing
Among those who are unaware that the "three coins" were thrown by three different individuals, a reported current legend is that it is lucky to throw coins with one's right hand over one's right shoulder into the Trevi Fountain.
The legend of the coin throwing is actually that if you throw one coin, you are ensured a return to Rome; two coins to get married; and three to get divorced!
External links
- "Aerial view of Trevi Fountain". Google Maps. Retrieved January 21.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help); Unknown parameter|accessyear=ignored (|access-date=suggested) (help)The fountain is the blue rounded rectangle in the center of the photo, just west of the Quirinal Palace.
- Trevi Fountain Virtual 360° panorama and photo gallery.
- Trevi Fountain 360° IPIX PANORAMA
- Engravings of the fountain's more modest predecessor.