Pony (programming language)

Pony
Pony
Paradigm	Actor model
Designed by	Sylvan Clebsch
First appeared	November 9, 2012; 12 years ago
Stable release	0.15.0 / August 7, 2017; 8 years ago
Typing discipline	strong, static, inferred, structural
Implementation language	C
License	BSD-2.
Website	www.ponylang.org
Influenced by
	E, Rust
Influenced
	Encore

Comment: Source no. 3 is not independent of the subject. » Shadowowl | talk 16:56, 15 July 2017 (UTC)

Comment: This would've needed all major reviews. SwisterTwister talk 19:29, 20 January 2017 (UTC)

Pony (often referred to as ponylang) is a free and open source, object-oriented, actor model, capabilities-secure, high performance programming language. Pony blends together the race-free guarantees of the Rust programming language, static typing, generics, traits, and the structural typing so well used by the Go programming language. Its reference capabilities^[2] system allows developers to be explicit about how data is shared among components and actors, visually indicating what can and cannot be read from or written to.

This allows Pony to reside somewhere between the strict rules of Rust's borrow checker and Go's flexible structural typing while still being able to make race-free and data sharing guarantees.

History

In 2011, Sylvan Clebsch created a C-based actor library in order to solve some real problems for software he was creating. Ultimately this library became the first implementation of Pony in 2012.

Language design

At its core, Pony is a systems language designed around safety and performance.

Type Safe - Pony is a very type safe language. For more details on why, check out the mathematical proof^[3]
Memory Safe - There are no dangling pointers and no buffer overruns. Like Rust, Pony does not even allow the concept of null.
Exception-Safe -There are no runtime exceptions. All exceptions have defined semantics, and they are always caught.
Data-race Free - Pony does not have locks or atomic operations. Instead, the type system ensures at compile time that your concurrent program can never have data races. This allows developers to write highly concurrent code with less change of problems occurring in the use of concurrency primitives.
Deadlock-Free - Pony lacks language-level constructs to create locks. It is impossible to write code that compiles that will produce a deadlock.
Native Code - Pony is an ahead-of-time (AOT) compiled language. There is no interpreter or virtual machine
Compatible with C - Interop with C is enabled through FFI
Garbage Collected - Each actor's heap is collected separately, there is no "stop the world" collection.

Examples

Here are a few examples of idiomatic Pony.

Hello World

In Pony, instead of a main function, there is a main actor. The creation of this actor serves as the entry point into the Pony program.

actor Main
  new create(env: Env) =>
    env.out.print("Hello, world!")

There are no global variables in Pony, everything must be contained within an instance of a class or an actor. As such, even the environment that allows for printing to stdout is passed as a parameter.

References

^ https://github.com/ponylang/ponyc/blob/master/LICENSE
^ "Deny capabilities for safe, fast actors". 2015-10-26. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
^ https://www.ponylang.org/media/papers/fast-cheap.pdf

External links

[1] ttps://github.com/ponylang/ponyc/blob/master/LICENSE

[2] "Deny capabilities for safe, fast actors". 2015-10-26. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)

[3] ttps://www.ponylang.org/media/papers/fast-cheap.pdf

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