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Topcoder

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Topcoder is a crowdsourcing company with a global open community of designers, developers, data scientists, and competitive programmers. Topcoder sells community services to corporate, mid-size, and small-business clients, and pays community members for their work on the projects.[1][2][3] Topcoder also organizes the annual Topcoder Open Tournament, and a series of smaller regional events.

Topcoder, Inc.
IndustryInformation Technology Staffing
Software
Outsourcing services
FoundedApril, 2001
FounderJack Hughes
Headquarters
Indianapolis, IN
,
USA
ParentWipro
Websitewww.topcoder.com

History

Topcoder was founded in 2001 by Jack Hughes, Chairman and Founder of the Tallan company.[1][2][3] The name was spelled as TopCoder prior to 2013. Originally, it was running regular competitive programming challenges, known as Single Round Matches (SRMs) – timed, 1.5 hours algorithm competitions, in which contestants competed against each other to solve the same set of problems. The target audience were school and college students. High prizes, $5k - $10k per match, from corporate sponsors, were offered for tournament winners to bolster the interest of the community.[1]

As the community grew, in 2003-05 Topcoder started to offer software development services to 3rd party clients, contracting individual community members to work on specific tasks; though most of the revenue still came from consulting services provided to clients by Topcoder employees.[1][3] From 2006 Topcoder also holds design competition, thus offering design services to the clients.[1] Also from 2006 Topcoder organizes Marathon Matches (MM) – one week long algorithmic competitions.[4][note 1]

In attempts to optimize expenses, in 2007-08 Topcoder introduced new competition tracks, and delegated more work from its employees to the community. By 2009 the size of Topcoder's staff had been reduced to 16 project managers servicing ~35 clients, while most of the actual job was done by the community via crowd-sourcing. Topcoder representatives claim that at this point their community had about 170k registered members, and the company's annual revenue was about $19m.[1][3][5]

In 2013 Topcoder was acquired by Appirio, and Topcoder Community, ~500k members strong back then, was merged, under the Topcoder brand, with the 75k members strong crowd-sourcing community Cloudspokes, created and managed by Apprio.[3][6][7][8][9][10][11]

In 2016 Topcoder, along with Appirio, was acquired by Wipro as a part of $500M deal, and continued to operate as a separate company under its own brand.[3][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] That year it also reached the milestone of 1 million registered members.[19]

Since the end of 2017, Topcoder offers its enterprise clients the so-called Hybrid Crowd platform, as the way to protect intellectual property in crowd-sourcing projects. In addition to the public Topcoder community, it allows to create certified and private crowd-sourcing communities. Its certified communities include members of public Topcoder communities, who are vetted for a customer's specific requirements, such as signing additional NDA, completing a background check, or any other specific certifications. The private communities include an enterprise's employees, contractors. As the first user of Hybrid Crowd, Wipro integrated its internal (employee-only) crowd-sourcing platform TopGear with Topcoder.[20][21][22][23][24]

In 2018 Topcoder celebrated the 100-th Marathon Match held at the platform.[25][26]

Topcoder Community

Estimated size of Topcoder community
Date Num. registered members
2002 10 000[3] – 20 000[1]
2003 ~30 000[1]
2004 ~40 000[1]
2005 ~60 000[1]
2006 ~90 000[1]
2007 ~120 000[1]
2008 ~160 000[1] – 170 000[5]
2009 ~220 000[1]
2013 ~500 000[7][note 2] – 600 000[27]
2014 ~700 000[28]
2015 ~850 000[29]
2016 ~1 000 000[19]
2018 ~1 200 000[30]

Topcoder community is the primary source of workforce behind all Topcoder projects. It is open and global: anybody, with a few legal restrictions dictated by US laws, and listed in Community Terms, can join and compete, without any financial commitment to Topcoder.In Addition, participation in challenges organized in the interests of commercial clients generally requires the community member to accept non-disclosure agreement. Intellectual property for the winning submissions to commercial challenges is passed to the client, in exchange for monetary prizes paid to the winners.[31][32]

While the majority of community members participate in Topcoder challenges as regular competitors, those who become recognized for their performance, and involvement in community life (via communication in Topcoder forums, attending Topcoder events, etc.), are offered additional roles in the community, which includes: copilots (technical coordinators of challenges), problem writers, reviewers, etc.[31] Since the end of 2014 till the end of 2017 Community Advisory Board (CAB) was selected from active community members for a one-year term to help with better communications between Topcoder company and its community.[33][34][35][36] In 2018 the CAB was replaced by Topcoder MVP (Most Valuable Player) program.[37][38]

There are four primary segments of each Topcoder community, open to every member: Design, Development, Data Science, and Competitive Programming.[31] Also, since the end of 2017 Topcoder, as a part of their Hybrid Crowd offering, creates sub-communities dedicated to specific clients / projects, that may impose additional eligibility criteria for members to join.[20]

Design

Topcoder design community is focused on:[39]

  • Information Architecture
    • Wireframes – With customer ideas, application and business requirements as input, competitors are challenged to create a black-and-white interactive user experience guide, able to showcase the logic and user-experience with the further application, without spending time on the exact look and feel.
    • Idea Generation – Competitors are asked to develop an idea proposed by the customer, with a written report or visual presentation as deliverables.
  • UI/UX/CX Design
    • Applications and Web Design – Competitors develop graphical designs for customer application or website; the deliverables are the actual design specifications (graphical images with associated measurements, font details, etc.) for software developers.
    • Design Concept – More informal design challenges, where participants should turn client idea into design, which is not meant to be used for the actual development without further processing.
    • Icons design
    • Presentation Design – Infographics, print materials, powerpoint presentations.

Two special types of Topcoder design challenges are LUX (Live User Experience, 24 - 48 hours long) and RUX (Rapid User Experience, 3 days long). In both cases larger prizes, compared to regular design challenges with the similar goals, are offered in exchange for the shorter timeline. Short timelines allow Topcoder managers to demonstrate to customers how crowd-sourcing works, on real cases, during live, few-days meetings with the clients.[39]

Development

Software development segment of Topcoder community is focused on:[40]

  • Bug Bash – Challenges focused on fixes of numerous small bugs in an existing software product.
  • Code – Generic software development challenges, typically with 5 days competition phase, and 4 more days for review, appeals and appeal responses. Usually, two prizes are offered, ~$600 - $1200 for the winner, and half of that for the second place.
  • First-to-Finish (F2F) – Rapid software development challenges with no fixed timeline for the competition phase. The first participant who submits a solution satisfying the specifications wins the only prize. In case of defects in a submission, that competitor is provided with review feedback as soon as possible, and allowed to submit again, with no penalty for the failed submission. Typically, such challenges have small scope, compared to other challenge types.
  • Quality Assurance – Challenges focused on testing and search of bugs in the provided software products.[41]
  • UI Prototype – Challenges focused on frontend development. Typically, they are reviewed by scorecards paying more attention to the exact match with provided visual design specifications, and include additional phases for final fixes, compared to the regular code challenges.

Data Science

There are several types of data science challenges at Topcoder; typically they are longer than software development challenges, and focused on data science and algorithms, rather than on end-user software products:[42]

  • Marathon Match (MM)[42] – A week-long algorithmic contest, in which submissions are judged objectively by an automated scoring function that feed a live leaderboard, and multiple submission from the same competitor are encouraged during the match with no penalty. Programming languages allowed in MMs are: C++, Java, Python, C#.NET, VB.NET. Topcoder has organized Marathon Matches since 2006[4][note 1]; and 100-th MM was held in April 2018[25][26]. There are few similar types of challenges (Banner Match, Mini-Marathon Match), different by length and allowed programming languages.
  • Data Science First to Finish – Algorithmic contests scored by an automated scoring functions, where the first competitor that reaches the specified score thresholds wins.
  • Data Science Sprint – A series of rapid data-science challenges, scored by a manual scoring function, and with no leaderboard.
  • Data Visualization – Subjectively-judged competition that asks to analyze data and propose the best way to visualize them, along with trends and/or peculiarities in data that should be highlighted. The output of such challenges serves as input into design competition that outputs the actual visualizations of the data.
  • Data Science Ideation – A challenge to discover new data / approaches / ideas for a problem with help of community.

Competitive Programming

The Competitive Programming track of Topcoder community rotates around Single Round Matches (SRMs) – timed 1.5 hours competitions in which all participants compete online trying to solve the same set of problems as fast as possible. These were the first type of challenges at Topcoder.[1][43]

Specialized Sub-Communities

The following table includes the list of Topcoder sub-communities dedicated to specific technologies and/or clients (within their Hybrid Crowd offering). See TopCoder § Notable Clients and Projects section for further information on these sub-communities.

Name Partners Type[note 3] Focus
Blockchain Community[44][45][46] ConsenSys public Blockchain technology projects, with focus on Ethereum platform
Cognitive Community[47][48] IBM public Cognitive computing, with particular focus on IBM Watson services.
Veterans Community[49][50][51] Operation Code Only for US military veterans Educational and paid software development projects for US military veterans.

Topcoder Open

Topcoder Open (TCO) is an annual design, software development, data science and competitive programming championship, organized by Topcoder, and hosted in different venues around the US. Each year, the most successful participants of each competition track included into TCO are selected and invited for a free one-week trip to on-site finals, where they compete for prizes, and also socialize with each other, helping to build community sprit among the most active members. In the first two years, 2001 and 2002, the tournament was titled TopCoder Invitational.

In addition to the main championship, from 2001 to 2007 Topcoder organized an annual TopCoder Collegiate Challenge tournament, for college students only. Also from 2007 to 2010 a TopCoder High School competition was held.

Since 2015, Topcoder Regional events have been held through the year in different countries.

Notable Clients and Projects

ConsenSys

In 2017 Topcoder entered into partnership with ConsenSys, an incubator of Ethereum projects, to promote the Topcoder Blockchain Community, and provide ConsenSys with design and development support for their blockchain projects.[44][45][46][52]

Eli Lilly and Company

It was reported in 2008 that Eli Lilly and Co. would use Topcoder platform to crowd-source development of IT applications for its global drug discovery operations.[53]

Harvard Medical School

In 2013 it was reported that researchers from Harvard Medical School, Harvard Business School, and London Business School successfully used Topcoder Community to solve complex biological problems.[54] Researchers say that Topcoder competitors approached bilogy-related big-data challenge, and managed to create a more accurate and 1000 times faster alternative of BLAST algorithm.[55][56]

IBM

Since 2016 IBM has been collaborating with Topcoder to promote their cloud platform, IBM Cloud, and IBM Watson services, in particular.[48][57][58][59][60][61] Within this parntership, Topcoder has created a dedicated Cognitive sub-community and run numerous educational and customer-oriented challenges.[47][62][63]

NASA

In 2010 NASA asked the Topcoder community to optimize the contents of medical kits for future human space exploration missions.[64]

In 2013 NASA Tournament Lab cooperated with Topcoder to run data-science challenges targeting to improve computer vision algorithms for their Robonaut 2 humanoid robot;[65][66][67] in another challenge Topcoder members were asked to develop algorithms for optimization of ISS solar arrays usage.[68] Also in 2013 Topcoder helped NASA to develop software solution for tracking food consumption by astornauts.[69] In another challenge, Topcoder community helped NASA and National Geographic's explorer Albert Lin to develop an algorithm to identify human-build structures in Genghis Khan's homeland.[70][71]

In 2014, Asteroid Data Hunter, Asteroid Tracker, and a number of other challenges were carried on to develop better algorithms for asteroids detection in space images.[72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91]

In 2015 the Topcoder Data Science community was challenged by NASA, Quakefinder, Harward Crowd Innovation Lab, and Amazon Web Services, to come up with an algorithm that finds correlations between ultra-low frequency electromagnetic signals emanating from the earth, and subsequent moderate and large earthquakes[92][93].

In 2017 NASA, HeroX, and Topcoder announced a challege to optimize their computational-intensive software solution for fluid dynamics, FUN3D,[94][95][96][97][98] which was cancelled later due to a high number of applicants (more than 1,800) during the registration, coupled with concerns about control over the public distribution of the software to optimize.[99]

Topcoder Veterans Community

At the end of 2017 Topcoder, together with Operation Code non-profit charity, announced the launch of Topcoder Veterans Community, that will focus on helping US military veterans to make their way into tech careers in software development via education programs and paid crowd-sourcing challenges.[49][100][50][51]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b The first Marathon Match at Topcoder took place from May 10 to May 17, 2006: https://community.topcoder.com/tc?module=MatchDetails&rd=10015
  2. ^ In 2013, ~500k registered members was the estimated size of Topcoder community before its merge with ~75k members strong CloudSpokes community. Hence, after the merge the size of resulting community became ~575 000 registered members.
  3. ^ public = any Topcoder member can join; otherwise additional eligibility conditions

References

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