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Shouyou Tsubouchi (坪内逍遥^?, Tsubouchi Shouyou; Oita, 1859 – Tokyo, 1935) è stato uno scrittore, critico letterario e drammaturgo giapponese.

Biography

******He was born Tsubouchi Yūzō (坪内雄蔵), in Gifu prefecture. He also used the pen name Harunoya Oboro (春のやおぼろ).********

La sua opera di critica letteraria, Shōsetsu Shinzui (L'essenza del romanzo), contribuì a modificare la visione negativa*** che il pubblico giapponese aveva nei confronti dei romanzi e dei drammi teatrali.

Gli scritti di Tsubouchi sul realismo nella letteratura influenzarono la visione di Masaoka Shiki sul realismo negli haiku, e il suo romanzo, Tōsei Shosei Katagi (Ritratti di studenti moderni) fu uno dei primi romanzi moderni della storia giapponese.

Le sue opere teatrali per il Kabuki come Kiri Hitoha (Una foglia di Paulonia) vennero influenzate dagli studi compiuti su William Shakespeare e su Chikamatsu Monzaemon, famoso drammaturgo giapponese del Kabuki e dello Jōruri.

*** con la traduzione completa delle opere teatrali di Shakespeare, rese nel liguaggio classico del Kabuki.****

His modern play, Shinkyoku Urashima, incorporating traditional dance and music, was a popular and critical success. The play was a retelling of a familiar Japanese folk-tale with a Rip Van Winkle-like protagonist, Urashima Tarō.

Besides Shakespeare, he also translated a number of other works from English into Japanese, including Sir Walter Scott's The Bride of Lammermoor and Bulwer-Lytton's novel Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes.

Tsubouchi founded and edited the periodical Waseda Bungaku (Waseda Literature), which published from 1891 to 1898. Tsubouchi is also noted for the long running ronsō (literary dispute) that he carried on with Mori Ōgai.

Bust of Tsubouchi Shōyō at the Tsubouchi Memorial Theatre Museum, which was named in his honour

The Waseda University Tsubouchi Memorial Theatre Museum was named in his honour and houses a large collection of his works. A bronze bust of him was also placed there.

Works

Criticism

Shōsetsu Shinzui (The Essence of the Novel) (1885)

Novel

Tōsei Shosei Katagi (Portraits of Contemporary Students) (1885)
Saikun (1889)

Kabuki Plays

Kiri Hitoha (A Paulownia Leaf) written 1894-5, and performed in 1904
Maki no Kata (1896)
Hototogisu Kojō no Rakugetsu (The Sinking Moon over the Lonely Castle Where the Cuckoo Cries) (1897)

Modern Dramas

Shinkyoku Urashima (The New Urashima) (1904)
En no Gyōja (En the Ascetic) (1916)

Bibliografia

CAPPONCELLI, L., L'essenza del romanzo: lo shōsetsu e la scacchiera di Tsubouchi Shōyō, in Il Giappone, n. 45, (2005), pp. 97-107.
(EN) Ernst Earle, The Kabuki Theatre, su books.google.it.
(EN) P.A. George (a cura di), East Asian Literatures: Japanese, Chinese and Korean : an Interface with India, su books.google.it, pp. 41-43.
(EN) JORTNER, D., MCDONALD, K. I. e WETMORE, K. J., Modern Japanese theatre and performance, Lexington Books, 2006, ISBN 0739111523, OCLC 60644723.
(EN) Powell, Brian, Japan's modern theatre: a century of change and continuity, London: Japan Library, 2002, pp. pp. 16-18, 25-28, OCLC 50228979.
(EN) Brandon, James R. e Martin Banham, The Cambridge guide to Asian theatre, Cambridge [England], Cambridge University Press, 1993, p. p.169, OCLC 27677969.